Pharmacology Mrs. Holmes Chapter 4- Medication Preparations and Supplies Pharmacology Chapter 4- Medication Preparations and Supplies
Pharmacology
Mrs. Holmes
Chapter 4- Medication Preparations and Supplies
Pharmacology
Chapter 4- Medication Preparations and
Supplies
Oral Drug Forms
• Tablet– Disc of
compressed drug– May be in a
variety of shapes and colors
– May be coated or “scored”
Why would they be coated?
Why would they be scored?
Oral Drug Forms• Enteric Coated Tablet
–Tablet with a special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices • the coating dissolves further down the GI tract in the enteric or intestinal region
• Ex. Aspirin–Note” Do not crush or chew when
administered.
Oral Drug Forms
• Drug is contained within a gelatin-type container
• easier to swallow• double chamber may be pulled apart to allow
the drug powder to be put into sot foods or beverages for patients who cannot swallow the pill. *note: sometimes this is contraindicated for absorption
Why?
Capsule
Oral Drug FormsOther Oral Drug Forms
Timed release capsule (sometimes called sustained
release)•Drug particles have various coatings (often of different
colors)•Different parts dissolve at
different times•Must be swallowed whole, with no
physical damage to the capsule
Lozenge
o Also called a trocheo Contains “good
tasting” flavoring and sometimes a local
anesthetic for soothing irritation in the throat or mouth
o Dissolves- not to be swallowed
o Patient should not drink liquids for
approximately 15 minutes after
administration to prevent washing away
the medicine
Suspension
• Liquid form of medication• Must be shaken WELL before administration because the drug particles settle to the bottom (the drug is not DISSOLVED but SUSPENDED in the liquid)
Emulsion
Oils and Fats in water
SHAKE WELL!pour
immediately after
shaking
Elixir
• Liquid Drug forms with ALCOHOL
base• Need tight capping
to prevent evaporation of the
alcohol• Do not make
available for alcoholics
Solution
Clear because the solute is completely dissolved in the liquid
Syrup• Sweetened,
flavored liquid drug
form. • Cherry
syrup drug preparation
s are common for
children.
Rectal Drug Forms
Suppository
Enema Solution
• Note: While the rectal route is often not the preferred route for the patient, it is sometime necessary due to age, vomiting, NPO orders, inability to swallow, etc
Injectable Drug Forms
• Solution- this is different from an oral solution– Waterlike solutions are called “aqueous”– Oil based solutions have long absorption
times and often patients say they are more painful injections because of the thick, viscous nature.
…more injectible drug forms
• Powder- obviously we don’t inject a dry powder but mix it with a sterile solution to
RECONSTITUTE it.Why would a drug come in this form?
IV push, IV drip, IV “piggyback”• What’s the difference
between these?• Intravenous- injected directly
into a vein. Is this good or bad?– YES! This means that the drug
gets into the patient’s system really fast BUT if a mistake has been made, the patient reacts almost immediately.
– Piggy back- this is really the term. The second medication “piggy backs” into the line for the IV fluid.
IV Push
IV PB or Drip
IM, subQ, and ID
Intramuscular- 90 degrees, slower
absorption
Subcutaneous- 45 degrees
Intradermal- 15 degrees
Ex TB test
Now for the really funky ones!
Epidural
Intracapsular
Guide for
intraspinal injection
On to another TOPIC (lol)
Topical drugs– Cream or ointment
– Lotion– Liniment
– Dermal patch– Eye,ear, and nose drops (gtt)
– Eye ointment– Vaginal creams
– Rectal, vaginal, and urethral suppositories– Douche solutions
– Buccal tablet (rarely used)– Sublingual tablet
Inhalable drugs• Spray or mist via bottles, nebulizers,
or metered dose inhalers• Gas
Two types of nebulizers- aerosolize
medicine for inhalation
Metered Dose Inhaler
like your asthma puffer
Anesthesia gas
Preparation supplies
• Medicine cup• Metal pill crusher• Mortar and pestle
• Ampule• Vial
• Needles• Syringes
Safety
• OSHA mandates that every effort must be made to reduce the risk of needle stick injuries that could lead to exposure to bloodborne pathogens
– Safety needles– Needleless devices
Quiz time!What
route is used most often and
why?