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    FRIENDLY MOBILE CHARGER

    A MINI PROJECT WORK

    SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS

    FOR THE AWRD OF THE DEGREE OFBACHELOR OFTECHNOLOGY IN

    ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

    SUBMITTED BY

    K PHANINDRA

    K.VENU

    (07BQ1A0433 )

    (07BQ1A0453)

    UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDEANCE OF

    SRI.M.R.N TAGORE

    ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,

    DEPARTMENT O F ELECTRONICS AND

    COMMUNICATIONS

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

    COMMUNICATION

    ENGINEERING

    VASIREDDY VENKATADIRI INSTITUTE OF

    TECHNOLOGY

    NAMBUR,GUNTUR DISTRICT

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    AFFILATED TO JNTU,KAKINADA,APPROVED BY

    AICTE,NEWDELHI.

    A.Y 2010-2011

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

    COMMUNICATION

    VASIREDDY VENKATADIRI INSTITUTE OF

    TECHNOLOGY

    (Affilated to

    jntu,Kakinada)

    CERTIFICATE

    This to certify that the project entitled FRIENDLY MOBILE

    PHONE CHARGER Is a bonafied record of Mini project work

    done by PHANINDRA.K(07BQ1A0433)&

    by VENU.K(07BQA10453) under my guidance and supervisionand submitted

    in partial fulfillment of the requirements foe the award of

    degeree of bachelor of

    technology (el;ectronics and communication engineering )by JNTU

    KAKINADA

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    during the academic year 2010-2011.

    PROF K.GIRIBABU,Ph.d

    M.R.N.TAGORE,M.Tech

    Head of department,

    Associate professor,

    DEPT OF ECE

    DEPT of ECE

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    We would like to hereby convey our sincere thanks to

    PROF.K.GIRIBABU,HEAD OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

    ENGINEERING,VVIT who immediately responded to our proposal for our

    project and gave us this opportunity

    We also want to convey our sincere and whole hearted thanks to our

    project guide M.TAGORE

    Who guided us to do the project successfully,we are also thankful to our

    E.C.E staff who gave us support and motivated to do the project

    We are also thankful to DR.MALIKARJUNAREDDY, principal, VVIT who gave

    us the required permissions to proceed our project. Finally we also like to

    thank each and every one who are involved in making project success

    Project Associates

    K.PHANINDRA

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    (07BQ1A0433)

    K.VENU

    (07BQ1A0453)

    ABSTRACT

    Most mobile chargers do not hav e current and voltage regulation

    or short circuit regulation and short-circuit protection these

    chargers provide raw 6-12v dc for charging the battery .

    For chaging the moblie phone slow charging is advisable which

    increases the life of a battery in mobile phones Friendly charger

    for mobile phone provides around 180ma current at .6v and

    protects the mobile phone from unexpected voltage fluctations

    that develops on the main line .son the charger can be left on

    over night to replenish the battery charge.

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    Friendly chargerfor mobile phone protects the mobile phone as

    well as charger by immediately disconneecting the output when

    it senses a voltage surge or a short circuit in the battery pack or

    connector.

    The circuit can be called as middle man between the existing

    chargerand the mobile phone .The circuit has features like

    voltage and current regulation,overcurrent protection and high-

    low voltage cutoff

    CONTENTS

    1. ABSTRACT

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    2. INTRODUCTION

    3 DESCRIPTIONS OF COMPONENTS

    4. CIRCUIT OPERATION

    5. APPLICATIONS

    6. CONCLUSION

    7. REFERENCES

    INTRODUCTION OF FRIENDLY CHARGER FOR

    MOBILE

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    The circuit described here, provides around 180mA current at 5.6V and

    protects the mobile phone from unexpected voltage fluctuations that develop

    on the mains line. So the charger can be left on over night to replenish the

    battery charge. The circuit protects the mobile phone as well as the charger

    by immediately disconnecting the output when it senses a voltage surge or ashort circuit in the battery pack or connector. It can be called a middle man

    between the existing charger and the mobile phone.

    It has features like voltage and current regulation, over-current protection,

    and high- and low-voltage cut-off. An added specialty of the circuit is that it

    incorporates a short delay of ten seconds to switch on when mains resumes

    following a power failure. This protects the mobile phone from instant

    voltage spikes. When short-circuit occurs at the battery terminal, resistor R8

    senses the over-current, allowing Q1 to conduct and light up D1. Glowing of

    D2 indicates the charging mode, while D1 indicates short-circuit or over-

    current status.

    The value of resistor R8 is important to get the desired current level to

    operate the cut-off. With the given value of R8 (3.3 ohms), it is 350 mA.

    Charging current can also be changed by increasing or decreasing the value

    of R7 using the I=V/R rule. Construct the circuit on a common PCB and

    house in a small plastic case. Connect the circuit between the output lines of

    the charger and the input pins of the mobile phone with correct polarity

    Circuit diagram

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    HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED IN CIRCUIT:

    1 .IC CA310 It is a voltage comparator

    2 .Battery-12V

    3 .Transistor-Bc547 and BD677

    4 .leds

    5 .Resistors (1k,10k,3.3k,220)

    6 .Variable resistor

    7 . Capacitor (10,470,1000)

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    COMPONENTS USED IN MOBILE CHARGER

    Main component used in opamp IcCA3130 which is a voltage

    comparator. It is the heart of friendly mobile charger

    PIN DIAGRAM OF IC CA3130

    TOP VIEW OF IC CA313O

    POWER SUPPLY OPERATION DIAGRAM OF IC

    CA3130

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    FEATURES OF IC CA3130

    APPLICATIONS OF IC CA3130

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    PERFORMANCE CURVE OF IC CA3130

    TRANSISTORS BC547and BD677

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    They are BC547and BD677. Bc547 is a NPN transistor this device

    is designed for use as general purpose amplifiers and switches

    requiring collector currents to 300 mA

    The transistor is a component with 3 electric wires coming out of it. They are namedB (base), C (collector), and E (emitter).

    If one connects a tension source between the wires C and E, the transistor will not let

    any current trough .

    But between B and E there is a shortcut. If one wants to make a given current

    go trough B and E, one must use a tension source and a resistor .

    Ifone sends a current of IB amperes between B and E, then the resistor will

    allow a current of IC = . IB amperes pass between C et E. In this case, is

    about 100.

    Take care for the polarity: put the positive wire and the negative wire of the battery on

    the right place. The direction of the current is very important for a transistor.

    The BC 547 is a somewhat weak transistor to make a lamp light up. Perhaps you will

    get better results using a stronger transistor, for example the BD 649. Here is a

    drawing of it, two times bigger:

    At the beginning, by doing wiring errors or making the transistor dissipate too muchheat, you will probably burn a few of them. That's normal.

    The reason why one substracts systematically 0.7 Volts from the UBE tension is that

    bipolar transistors contain some sort of "parasite" diode. The tension that must be

    substracted depends on the sort of semiconductor: 0.7 Volts for silicium, 0.2 Volts for

    germanium.

    THERMAL CHARACTERSTICS OF TRANSISTOR

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    symbol

    characteristics max unitsBc547/A/B/C

    PD Total device

    dissipation therate above 250c

    625

    5.0

    mW

    mW/0C

    RJC Thermalresistance,junction to case

    83.3 0C/W

    RJA Thermalresistance,junction toambient

    200 0C/W

    ELECTRICAL CHARACTERSTICS OF TRANSISTOR

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    The other components used in IC CA3130

    are capacitors, resistors, variable resistors and zener diode and

    leds they play important role in construction of FRIENDLY MOBILE

    CHARGER.

    It is a npn transistor which can be used for general purpose

    applications

    Features :

    Pbfree package is available*

    High dc current gain

    Monolithic Construction

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    APPLICATION

    LINEAR AND SWITCHING INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

    DESCRIPTION OF NPN TRANSISTOR

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    The transistor is a "CURRENT" operated device and that a large

    current (Ic) flows freely through the device between the collector

    and the emitter terminals. However, this only happens when a

    small biasing current (Ib) is flowing into the base terminal of the

    transistor thus allowing the base to act as a sort of current controlinput.

    The ratio of these two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current

    Gain of the device and is given the symbol ofhfe or

    nowadays Beta, (). Beta has no units as it is a ratio. Also, the

    current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is

    called Alpha, (), and is a function of the transistor itself.

    As the emitter current Ie is the product of a very small basecurrent to a very large collector current the value of this

    parameter is very close to unity, and for a typical low-power

    signal transistor this value ranges from about 0.950 to 0.999.

    and Relationships

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    By combining the two parameters and we can produce twomathematical expressions that gives the relationship between thedifferent currents flowing in the transistor.

    The values ofBeta vary from about 20 for high current power

    transistors to well over 1000 for high frequency low power type

    bipolar transistors.

    The equation for Beta can also be re-arranged to make Ic as the

    subject, and with zero base current (Ib = 0) the resultant collector

    current Ic will also be zero, ( x 0). Also when the base current ishigh the corresponding collector current will also be high resulting

    in the base current controlling the collector current. One of the

    most important properties of the Bipolar Junction Transistor is

    that a small base current can control a much larger collector

    current

    ZENER DIODE

    Features of zener diode

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    ELECTROLYTICCAPACITOR

    CAPACITOR

    CAPACITOR COLOUR CODING

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    CAPACITOR DESCRIPTION

    There are many kinds of capacitors and several popularones are pictured here. Generally, capacitors have two

    leads. Some are axial leaded, like resistors, and othersareradial leaded, with both leads at one end. Stompboxlayouts seem to use radial leaded capacitors most often,but axial leaded are just as good. Unlike resistors, somecapacitors are polarized, with positive and negativeleads: the voltage across such capacitors must agree withthe polarity of the leads. Take care to orient polarizedcapacitors correctly in a circuit.

    Generally, polarized capacitors have lead markings onthe casing, like a colored band of minus (negative) signs.The radial electrolytic capacitor pictured above has ablack casing with a gray band and you can just see one

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    minus sign. Note also that the negative lead is shorterthan the positive lead. On axial electrolytic capacitors,arrows often point toward the negative lead. The bluecapacitor shown here is an example. When the arrows are

    not present, note that the aluminum can (housing) showson the negative end while the positive end has a (black)seal insulated from the housing. Often, the indentation orgroove around one end of the casing is on the positiveend. You can also see some of these features on the bluecapacitor below.

    The other capacitors pictured are mylar film (the brown

    and green ones above), box film (yellow), and ceramicdisc (light brown).

    There are many types of capacitors because there aremany ways to make them and each has its advantages.There are accompanying disadvantages of course. Forstompboxes, important considerations are size andeffects on an audio signal. There is a lot of discussion

    about the latter, with many different views.V a l u e s

    Capacitor values are called capacitance, which ismeasured in faradunits that are denoted by the capitalletter F. In stomp box circuits, the largest capacitancesare on the order of10-6farads and their unitsare microfarads, denoted by F. For typing convenience,

    F anduF andmF

    are equivalent, where u has a similar appearanceto and m is the Latin character that corresponds to .(The mFnotation is awkward because m often denotes

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    milli or one-thousandth asin mA for milliamps or mm for millimeter. Neverthelessyou will see it occasionally, as in the Small Bear catalog.)The smallest capacitances one sees are picofarads or10-

    12 farads, denoted pF. In between, thereare nanofarads (10-9 farads denoted nF). Manyschematics avoid nF, writing .01Finstead of10nF. Ifthere are no units for the capacitors on a stomp boxschematic, one generally assumes that the units are F.

    Although the notation is usually reserved for resistors,one occasionally sees the decimal point in a capacitor

    value replaced with the capacitors magnitude. Forexample, 2.2nF is sometimes noted as 2n2. Also the F (forfarad) is also frequently dropped even when there is adecimal point: 2.2n instead of 2.2nF.

    Tolerances are generally 20%, much less accurate thancommon resistors. As a result, capacitors generally comein fewer values than resistors, but the values are

    organized in the same way. Capacitance valuesproportional to 10, 15, 22, 33, 47, and 68 are quitecommon. See the Values section of Resistors 1:Description for additional information or this Wikipediaentry.

    ceramic: often used for small capacitances inthe 1pFto 1000pFrange.

    polarized electrolytic: typically appear in power

    supply filters with values 10Fand higher. film: come in various kinds and their values cover a

    large range, say 1,000pFto severa lF. mica: used for small capacitances like ceramic

    capacitors.

    http://gaussmarkov.net/wordpress/parts/resistors/resistors-description/#valueshttp://gaussmarkov.net/wordpress/parts/resistors/resistors-description/#valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_(component)#Standard_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_(component)#Standard_valueshttp://gaussmarkov.net/wordpress/parts/resistors/resistors-description/#valueshttp://gaussmarkov.net/wordpress/parts/resistors/resistors-description/#valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_(component)#Standard_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_(component)#Standard_values
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    OPERATION OF RESISTOR:

    Resistors provide an obstruction to the flow of electricity around acircuit. A voltage is dropped across a resistor, dependant on thecurrent flowing through the resistor. Here are some usefulformulae:Voltage Dropped across a Resistor:V = IR, where I is in Amps, and R in OhmsThis can be re-arranged to give Current or Resistance if Voltage isalready known (seeohms law).Power Dissipated in a Resistor:P = I2R or V2/R where P is in WattsAlways make sure the resistor's power rating is not exceeded!Resistors in Series:Putting resistors in series increases the total resistance:R = R1+ R2= R3.....Note that the total resistance should be greater than that of anyof the individual resistors.Resistors in Parallel:Putting resistors in parallel reduces the total resistance:

    (1/R) = (1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3) .....If you have only 2 resistors in parallel you can use:R = (R1R2) / (R1+ R2)Note that the total resistance will be less than that of any of theindividual resistors.

    COLOUR CODING OF RESISTOR

    http://www.electronics2000.co.uk/data/itemsmr/ohmslaw.phphttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Resistor.pnghttp://www.electronics2000.co.uk/data/itemsmr/ohmslaw.php
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    Ohms law

    To make a current flow through a resistance there must be a voltage across

    that resistance. Ohm's Law shows the relationship between the voltage (V),

    current (I) and resistance (R). It can be written in three ways:

    V = I R or I =V

    Ror R =

    V

    I

    where: V = voltage in volts (V)I = current in amps (A)

    or: V = voltage in volts (V)I = current in milliamps (mA)

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    R = resistance in ohms ( ) R = resistance in kilohms (k )

    For most electronic circuits the amp is too large and the ohm is too small, sowe often measure current in milliamps (mA) and resistance in kilohms (k ). 1

    mA = 0.001 A and 1 k = 1000 .

    The Ohm's Law equations work if you use V, A and , or if you use V, mA andk . You must not mix these sets of units in the equations so you may need toconvert between mA and A or k and .

    The VIR triangle

    You can use the VIR triangle to help you remember the threeversions of Ohm's Law.

    Write down V, I and R in a triangle like the one in the yellow boxon the right.

    To calculate voltage, V: put your finger over V,this leaves you with I R, so the equation is V = I R

    To calculate current, I: put your finger over I,this leaves you with V over R, so the equation is I = V/R

    To calculate resistance, R: put your finger over R,this leaves you with V over I, so the equation is R = V/I

    Ohm's Law Calculations

    Use this method to guide you through calculations:

    1. Write down the Values, converting units if necessary.2. Select the Equation you need (use the VIR triangle).3. Put the Numbers into the equation and calculate the answer.

    It should be Very Easy Now!

    3 V is applied across a 6 resistor, what is the current?o Values: V = 3 V, I = ?, R = 6o Equation: I = V/Ro Numbers: Current, I = 3/6 = 0.5 A

    V

    I R

    Ohm's Law

    triangle

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    A lamp connected to a 6 V battery passes a current of 60 mA, what isthe lamp's resistance?

    o Values: V = 6 V, I = 60 mA, R = ?o Equation: R = V/Io Numbers: Resistance, R = 6/60 = 0.1 k = 100

    (using mA for current means the calculation gives the resistancein k )

    A 1.2 k resistor passes a current of 0.2 A, what is the voltage acrossit?

    o Values: V = ?, I = 0.2 A, R = 1.2 k = 1200(1.2 k is converted to 1200 because A and k must not beused together)

    o Equation: V = I Ro Numbers: V = 0.2 1200 = 240

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    ELECTRONIC OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS OF LED

    USED IN CIRCUIT

    ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OF LED USED IN

    CIRCUIT

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    CONCLUSION :

    High safety

    Over all protection

    Increase the life of cell phone battery

    Protects the mobile phone from unexpected fluctuations

    ADVANTAGES OF FRIENDLY MOBILE CHARGER

    Good current and voltage regulatons

    Over-current protection

    It will act as middle men between the existing charger and

    the cell-phone battery

    Application

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    REFERENCES

    www.datasheet.com

    www.circuit for engineers.com

    www.analogdevices.com

    www.texasinstruments.com

    www.projects for engineers.com

    www.electronicdevices.com

    www.electronicdevices.com

    www.circuitdatasheet.com

    http://www.datasheet.com/http://www.circuit/http://www.analogdevices.com/http://www.texasinstruments.com/http://www.projects/http://www.electronicdevices.com/http://www.electronicdevices.com/http://www.circuitdatasheet.com/http://www.datasheet.com/http://www.circuit/http://www.analogdevices.com/http://www.texasinstruments.com/http://www.projects/http://www.electronicdevices.com/http://www.electronicdevices.com/http://www.circuitdatasheet.com/
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