Personality Disorders Chapter 10. Personality Definition -Style of how a person deals with the world -Traits are stylistic peculiarities that all people.

Personality Disorders

Chapter 10

Personality Definition-Style of how a person deals with the world-Traits are stylistic peculiarities that all people bring to social relationships

(shyness, seductiveness, etc) Personality Disorder Definition

-Personality traits exaggerated to the point that they cause dysfunction in their relationships

-DSM IV classified as Axis II-They do not believe there is anything wrong with them, but rather their

problems occur by other people or events Common characteristics

-Inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress-Disability in working and living-Tendency to evoke intense personal conflict-Capacity to “get under the skin” of others

Personality disorders

Prevalence-14.8% met the standard diagnostic criteria

Comorbidity-Often co-occur with substance abuse, somatization,

eating disorders, PTSD, depression and anxiety Theory

-Genetics: significant role in the development-Neurobiological Factors: brain imaging suggest

abnormalities in prefrontal, corticostriatal and limbic networks related to decreased serotonin neurotransmission and behavioral disinhibition

-Psychological Influences: childhood abuse & trauma-Cultural Considerations: Certain subgroups high risk

Prevalence and comorbidity

Often referred to as “odd” or “eccentric” Most strongly related to schizophrenia Common features: avoid interpersonal

relationships, have unusual beliefs, indifferent to reactions of others-Paranoid Personality Disorder-Schizoid Personality Disorder-Schizotypal Personality Disorder

DSM IV: Cluster A The odd and eccentric personality disorders

Characteristics: Dramatic, erratic or flamboyant behavior

Overlap with Axis I Comorbidity Manipulation is common defensive

mechanism-Antisocial Personality Disorder-Borderline Personality Disorder-Histrionic Personality Disorder-Narcissistic Personality Disorder

DSM IV Cluster B: the dramatic, emotional, erratic personality

DSM IV: Cluster C the anxious and fearful disorders Common features: high levels of anxiety

and outward signs of fear Show social inhibitions in a sexual sphere Often fearful & reluctant to show irritation

and anger even when justified-Avoidant Personality Disorder-Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder-Dependent Personality Disorder

Assessment Primitive Defenses Assessment Tools: Assessment of history & self assessment Assessment Guidelines

Diagnosis Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation

Communication Guidelines Milieu Therapy Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, CBT, Dialectical Behavior Therapy No medications for treatment of these disorders but treating the symptoms

is helpful Evaluation

Evaluating treatment effectiveness in the population- difficult

Application of the nursing process