Personality (Business Psychology)

MGRPELAGIO

PERSONALITY

 Describe the following base on your perception:

YourselfClassmatesVincentian Students

“Personality is more than charm… poise… or physical appearance…”

PERSONALITY

“The overall pattern, or the integration of his structures, modes of behavior, interests, attitudes, intellectual abilities, aptitudes, and many other distinguishable personality traits.”

Business students need to understand personality because of the part it plays in…

motivation human relations leadership / management Failure in business, industry, and any occupation may often be

attributed to personality problems rather than lack of aptitude.

Two Factors that Give Rise to Personality

(Causes of Individual Differences)

Heredity “the transmission of characteristics traits from parents to offspring biologically through the genes”

Color of your hair Body build Eye color Etc….

 Environment

“all the conditions outside the living organism which influence its growth, development, and behavior from the time it is conceived to the time it dies”

Two Kinds of Environment

Prenatal Environment Influences the individual before birth, including the

condition of the mother during the development of the baby.

Postnatal Environment The environment after birth, life continues to come

under the influence of many varied environmental stimuli. Home Influence Neighborhood Influences School Experiences Training Effort of the Will Sexual Orientation

Your Reaction to this:

Boys tend to be active and aggressive, less neat and exacting than girls

 Boys seem to be superior in mathematical and

scientific subjects, while girls excel in the language arts, spelling and penmanship

 Boys surpass girls in tests of spatial nature, of

mechanical aptitude and of general information, while girls excel in tests of manual dexterity, speed and precision

 A smaller percentage of girls than boys tend to be

mentally retarded

Aspects of Personality

1. The Physical Aspect entire physiological system that determined by the heredity and

environment (physique)

 Four Kinds of Personality Based on Physique (Krestchmer)Athletic Type - tall and well-builtAsthenic Type - tall and thin (schizothyme), highly

idealistic, unsociable and deep thinker, the introvert typePyknic Type – short and fat (cyclothymiacs), happy-go-

lucky, adaptable, alternates between moods of elation and depression but will be predominantly extroverted

Dysplastic Type – the non-classified type 

2. The Mental Aspect how the person talks, the range of ideas he expresses, the things he talks about, as well as his values and mental alertness give

evidence of his intellectual capacity. (intelligence > education)

 3. The Emotional Aspect how the person responds when tings become difficult, emotional makeup his likes and dislikes, aggressive or docile, how quickly he is given to anger, whether he can take

a job or not, what kind of sense of humor he possesses and the like

4. The Social Aspect social contact / how well a person conducts himself

with other people and how well he observes the rules of etiquette that

govern society extroverts, introverts, and ambiverts (George Crane)

Extroverts:

men of action happy-go-lucky seek others for their

happiness act immediately on what

they consider right not easily embarrassed rarely blush laugh readily imbued with

sportsmanship / interested in athletics

fluent in speech can accept and give

orders quick to give loans hardly care what happens take anything, eat

anything free from worries can see good aims and

plans rush and careless easily attracted to the

opposite sex 

Introverts:

men of thoughtslike to work alonedaydreamersinclined to worryblush easilylaugh littlewrite better than

talkhard and slow in

givingprone to argue and

feel easily hurtdeliberate on what to

wear and eatrebel when give

orderssuspiciousread high brow

materialsare poor losersmoody at times and

prefer delicate work

Ambiverts:

give evidence of behavior that maybe extrovert in some situations and introverts in the others

5. The Spiritual Aspect the consciousness of the higher value in life. It

includes the person’s faith, beliefs, philosophy and the like. Religion expresses spiritual value.

 6. The Moral Aspect

has to do with the person’s awareness of the difference between what is wrong or right, his positive or negative adherence to the do’s and don’ts of the society.

Personality Factors Related to Job Production and Turnover (Barton & Catell) determine whether a person will be promoted, not promoted or leave the job

 Experiment: (Three hundred and nine high school seniors were tested on Cattel’s Sixteen

Personality Factor Questionnaire in 2007 and again 5 years later, in 2012, after leaving school for employment.)

 Analyses Examined: possible selective personality factors associated with job promotion or job change changes in personality related to job promotion or job change  Results:

the incidence of job promotion was higher in subjects who scored high in such personality factors as warm heartedness and group dependency.

the lowest incidence of job turnover was found in subjects who were more practical and down to earth

dominance and guilt proneness tended to decrease in subjects who were promoted, whereas an increase in shrewdness was obscured. A drop in guilt proneness occurred in subjects who kept the same job.

The Filipino Values and Personality

Values affect business and the management of the organizations.

An understanding of the values and attitudes of the Filipino would help us in understanding the Filipino and how these values would affect business and management of organizations in the Philippine setting.

VALUE “anything good, important, and desirable in life.”

Total Value System = Standard for Decision Aims and Goals Father Lynch Father Bulatao - social acceptance - emotional closeness and - economic security - security in family- social mobility - approval by the authority

and social betterment - patience and suffering and

enduranceThey characterized Filipino as

They characterized Filipino as:PersonalisticAuthoritarianSmall group centered

Social Acceptance

-most frequently observed patterns of Filipino behavior which is

desirable to him, the ability to accept fellow for what one is,

thinks one’s self to be, or would like to be, and

be given the treatment due to one’s station.

A. Smoothness of Interpersonal Relations (SIR)

Pakikisama: (Debt of Gratitude) = expanded by the term “utang na loob”

 Context of Principle of Reciprocity

“Bata” system relationship in office whether private or public, a patronized individual, protégée, confidential man, a close friend, loyal compadre, familism…

Majority of Cases of Two Types of Employees (Philippine Setting)

1. those who know their jobs and can also get along with others

 “marunong na, marunong pang

makisama” 

2. those who do not know their jobs but can get along with others

 “marunong makisama”

Clear Pictures of Dynamics of “Utang na Loob”1. A person who is helped is expected to show

his gratitude otherwise, he will be branded as “walang hiya” especially if the debt of gratitude is extremely great.

2. A Filipino may patronize a store, not because the products are good or because it has a good reputation for offering discounts, but because he has “utang na loob” to the owner.

3. One may get job even if he is not the most competent among the applicants just because he has the personal ties, the family connections and family solidarity.

4. One may not have the courage to protest an assignment because of the prevailing emphasis on “utang na loob” obligation.

“Concession” (other side of pakikisama) - tendency to behave as part of a group so that he becomes obligated to the group.

 Situationer:A student on the eve of his final exams goes with his

“barkada” to a late night party, in spite of the cramming he has to do. He does not want to be called “walang pakisama”.

A businessman employs an inefficient and lazy nephew in his company and in spite of all the allowances, it is not easy for the uncle to fire him”. The verdict of

‘walang pakikisama” threatens to break the smooth interpersonal relationship with the family of his nephew. The idea of “pakikisama” here is “giving in”.

B. Sensitivity to Personal Affront(disrespect) - “Amor Propio” (Self-Esteem)

“an emotional high tension wire that girds the Filipino’s self, protecting him from disparagement (critism) or questioning the qualities he most zealously guards as his own best claim to others’ respect and esteem”

displaying superficial behavior (pakitang tao)impresses others with his possessions

(pagpaparangya) Situationer:In school, students quitting school just because

teachers criticize them beyond their endurance. Employees resigning just because they have been

reprimanded. The anxiety to make the other person feel good.

Personality to Business. The most distinctive of any individual, is one of the major qualifications in applying for a job. Personality shows itself even when there are no people around to impress.Examples are the trait of accuracy, punctuality and cleanliness

An Effective PersonalityThe key to effective personality is the ability to adjust equally well to various types of life situations, to make those responses which result in the greatest satisfaction of both oneself and one’s associates and generally, adjustment to a given area of his environment.

Mature Personality “an individual’s pattern habits, attitudes, and traits as well as of adjustment that determines the maintenance of his self-respect in relation to his environment”Mature personality development requires the proper blending of the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of life.

Earmarks of a Mature Personality

1. A mature person accepts responsibilities, he does not shrink from duties.

2. He accepts an unpleasant task, considering it as a normal or ordinary experience which shapes his life.

3. He does not nurse grudges. Instead, he tries to understand others and does not insist on being understood by them.

4. He is amiable and enjoys the company of many different persons. He tries to remember every person not by his imperfections but by the desirable qualities he finds in him. Thus his friendship is long lasting.

5. He does not expect his fellowmen to be perfect since he knows that everyone is subject to human frailties.

6. A mature individual has lots of patience and perseverance towards work since he is aware of the fact that it requires time before he can profit from them.

7. He can accept, even enlist help, considering this not a sign of weakness but of maturity.

8. He has tolerance... “the capacity to listen to another persons’ point of view and to try to understand his values” . He allows others enjoy the expression of their opinions and beliefs.

9. He profits from constructive criticism. He takes criticism as an ordinary outlet for improving his qualities or discarding those unpleasantness that the majority see in him.

10. He knows that he cannot always be dependent upon his parents for support. Earning will be his next step to be able to run his own life. A mature individual then tends to increase his responsibility specially at the time he has his own family.

11. He works with a long-range plan. 12. A mature person has courage to do right when others around

him are doing wrong. He has a strong determination not to do a thing he fully knows will destroy him and others.

1. Be conscious of the other person. Talk about the subject that interest him, and he will regard you as a person with an interesting personality.

2. Assume that people like you. If you show that you want people to talk to you, they will respond warmly. Reciprocal behavior must consider.

Suggestions for Personality Improvement (Dr. Roy Beuher)

3. Admit your defects.4. Admire your friends.

5. Associate with people who are successful and happy. Seek the company of others who can give you new points of view and thoughts new hopes and new life.

6. Attend social gatherings.

7. Change your environment occasionally. Take a vacation and rest in a new place. Change your home and house atmosphere whenever you can.

Reasons for Developing Personality

1. for social acceptance2. for self-satisfaction3. for self-confidence4. to keep ourselves on the job

“ Your personality is good if it makes you happy and makes your associates happy too; if you are likeable; if you are successful in most of your undertakings; if your emotions are pleasant for you as well as for others.”

Remember… “a happy person meets the bad temper and unkind dispositions of others with understanding and good humor.”