PERILAKU KONSUMEN: ASAL-USUL DAN PENERAPAN STRATEGI Pertemuan I Matakuliah: Perilaku Konsumen Tahun: 2009.

PERILAKU KONSUMEN: ASAL-USUL DAN PENERAPAN STRATEGI

Pertemuan I

Matakuliah : Perilaku Konsumen Tahun : 2009

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Opening Vignette

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Objectives of One-to-One Marketing

• To attain customers• Sell them more products• Make a profit

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Digital Revolution in the Marketplace

Digital Revolution in the Marketplace

• Allows customization of products, services, and promotional messages like never before• Enhances relationships with customers more effectively and efficiently

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Changes in the Business Environment

• Increased consumer power

• Access to information• More products and

services• Interactive and instant

exchanges

• Access to customer patterns and preferences

• Evolution to other -Web connection– PDAs– HDTV– Mobile phones

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Consumer Behavior

The behavior that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs.

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Personal Consumer

The individual who buys goods and services for his or her own use, for household use, for the use of a family member, or for a friend.

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Organizational Consumer

A business, government agency, or other institution (profit or nonprofit) that buys the goods, services, and/or equipment necessary for the organization to function.

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Development of the Marketing Concept

Production Concept

Product Concept

Selling Concept

Marketing Concept

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The Production Concept

• Assumes that consumers are interested primarily in product availability at low prices

• Marketing objectives:– Cheap, efficient production– Intensive distribution– Market expansion

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The Product Concept

• Assumes that consumers will buy the product that offers them the highest quality, the best performance, and the most features

• Marketing objectives:– Quality improvement– Addition of features

• Tendency toward Marketing Myopia

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The Selling Concept

• Assumes that consumers are unlikely to buy a product unless they are aggressively persuaded to do so

• Marketing objectives:– Sell, sell, sell

• Lack of concern for customer needs and satisfaction

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The Marketing Concept

• Assumes that to be successful, a company must determine the needs and wants of specific target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions better than the competition

• Marketing objectives:– Profits through customer satisfaction

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Business Leaders Who Understood Consumer Behavior

Alfred Sloan, General MotorsColonel Sanders, KFCRay Kroc, McDonald’s

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The Marketing Concept

A consumer-oriented philosophy that suggests that satisfaction of consumer needs provides the focus for product development and marketing strategy to enable the firm to meet its own organizational goals.

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Implementing the Marketing Concept

• Consumer Research• Segmentation• Targeting• Positioning

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Consumer Research

• The process and tools used to study consumer behavior.

• Two perspectives:– Positivist approach– Interpretivist approach

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Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning

• Segmentation: process of dividing the market into subsets of consumers with common needs or characteristics

• Targeting: selecting one ore more of the segments to pursue

• Positioning: developing a distinct image for the product in the mind of the consumer

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Successful Positioning

• Communicating the benefits of the product, rather than its features

• Communicating a Unique Selling Proposition for the product

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The Marketing Mix

• Product• Price• Place• Promotion

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Successful Relationships

Customer Value

Customer Retention

Customer Satisfaction

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Types of Customers TerroristsHostages

Mercenaries• Loyalists• Apostles• Defectors

• Terrorist• Hostages• Mercenaries

Types of the Customers

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Customer Profitability-Focused Marketing

Tier 1: Platinum

Tier 2: Gold

Tier 3: Iron

Tier 4: Lead

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• A revision of the traditional marketing concept that suggests that marketers adhere to principles of social responsibility in the marketing of their goods and services; that is, they must endeavor to satisfy the needs and wants of their target markets in ways that preserve and enhance the well-being of consumers and society as a whole

Societal Marketing Concept

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The Societal Marketing Concept• All companies prosper when society prospers.• Companies, as well as individuals, would be

better off if social responsibility was an integral component of every marketing decision.

• Requires all marketers adhere to principles of social responsibility

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Input

Process

Output

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Firm’s Marketing Efforts1. Product2. Promotion3. Price4. Channels of distribution

Sociocultural Environment1. Family2. Informal sources3. Other noncommercial sources4. Social class5. Subculture and culture

•Need Recognition

•Prepurchase Search

•Evaluation of Alternatives

Psychological Field1. Motivation2. Perception3. Learning4. Personality5. Attitudes

Experience

Purchase1. Trial2. Repeat purchase

Postpurchase Evaluation

Figure 1-1: A Simple Model of Consumer Decision Making