Pedestrian and Bicycle facility planning for kochi city region,part 1 study area introduction

PEDESTRIAN FACILITY PLANNING FOR KOCHI CITY

REGION

ARUN C BABU12AR60R09

MCP 2 N D YEAR

KOCHI CITY

•Situated south west of Ernakulum district, in central Kerala.•Located facing the Arabian sea in the Ernakulum district of Kerala.•Commercial capital of Kerala .

•Largest urban agglomeration in the state & 2nd largest on the western coast.

CLIMATE•Kochi features a tropical monsoon climate. •Annual temperatures range between 23 to 31 °c (73–88 °f).• Average annual rainfall is 3,228.3 mm •South-west monsoon from June to September and northeast monsoon from October to December.

Source : http://www.corporationofcochin.net/

PROFILE OF THE CITY – DEMOGRAPHY

1981 1991 2001 2011

Persons 513249 564589 596473 601574

Males 258323 283432 295351 296668

Females 254926 281157 301122 304906

50,000

150,000

250,000

350,000

450,000

550,000

650,000

Population of Kochi city

Kerala Eranakulam Kochi city88

90

92

94

96

98

100

Literacy rate comparison

averagemalefemale

Source : Censes of India, 2011

Source : Censes of India, 2011

•Nearly 2.5 lakhs people commute to the city center daily.•In the next 20 years, the population of Kochi city is expected to touch 2 million mark.

1981 1991 2001 20110

5

10

15

2016.63

105.65 0.8600

0000000000

1

Decadal growth rate (%)

Decadal growth rate (%)

Source : Censes of India, 2011

PROFILE OF THE CITY – ECONOMY

Government service 2.61%

Private service 0.12%

Industry service 1.95%

Business 0.15%

Professional 3.97%

Cultivator 3.89%

Casual laborer 13.22%

Retired 6.11%

Unemployed 1.00%

Housewife 23.42%

Student 22.53%

Others 6.44%

Not specified 14.58%

Distribution of population according to occu-pational status

Source: CDP, Kochi city

Economic base:Export and import

Fishing

Manufacturing industries like FACT, Travancore cochin chemicals, HMT, Apollo tyres, shipbuilding etc.

Information technology and information technology enabled services: Wipro, TATA consultancy services and cognizant have an active presence in the city.

Tourism sectorBanking and finance sectorPort activitiesCochin stock exchange

PROFILE OF THE CITY- TRANPORT NETWORK

ROAD NETWORK The city has a road density of 1.03 km

per 1,000 population and 6.47 km per sq km of developed area.

NH 17, NH 47 and NH 49 connects city with other regions

3%9%

25%64%

DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD NETWORK

Arterial road Sub-arterial road

Collector street Local streets

Source: Traffic and Transportation System Study for Cochin City, NATPAC, Final Report, October 2008

53%35%

8%3% 1%

DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD NETWORK IN KOCHI CITY ACCORDING TO RIGHT-OF-

WAY < 5 m5m - 10 m10m - 20 m20 m - 30 m>40 m

Source: CDP, Kochi city

RAIL NETWORK Cochin City has the benefit of two major railway stations viz., Ernakulum Town (North), and

Ernakulum Junction (South). Cochin City is connected to major urban centers in the State as well as to the up-country

destinations through two major railway lines. These are,

• The Thiruvanathapuram-Thrissur railway line via Kottayam.• The railway line from Kayamkulam to Ernakulam via Alappuzha.•WATER TRANSPORT NETWORK

Kochi has a good network of inland waterway system consisting of backwaters, canals, lagoons and estuaries. National Waterway No.3 connecting Kollam and Kottappuram passes through the region. The State Water Transport Department (SWTD), Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC) and private operators are providing passenger and cargo boat services to the nearby islands and industrial centers located in this region.

AIR CONNECTIVITYCochin International Airport (CIAL) , situated at Nedumbassery is about 28 km (17 mi) north of Kochi

city, and handles both domestic and international flights.

PROFILE OF THE CITY- TRANPORT NETWORK

STUDY AREA

RAILWAY STATION

BOAT JETTY

KSRTC BUS STAND

PRIVATE BUS STAND

HIGH COURT

INTERNATIONAL STADIUM

MOBILITY HUB

PROPOSED METRO STATIONS

112,674 120,40174,214

14,824 17,672

121,514

PASSENGER AND VEHICULAR TRIPS AT OUTER CORDON POINTS

Passenger Trips Vehicular Trips

STUDY AREA – TRIP CHARACTERISTICS

Source: RITES Primary Survey, 2000.

1989 - 1990 1994 - 1995 2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 - 20050

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Goods VehicleBus/ Mini BusCar/ Jeep/ Van3 Wheelers2 WheelersOthers

Source: Economic Review, Kerala State Planning Board

VEHICULAR GROWTH TREND

•The average daily traffic varies from 21,347 PCUs to 60833 PCUs.

• The highest traffic is observed on the north ROB on the Banerji road followed by Kaloor on NH47.

•The traffic intensity is very high along the south rob on SA road which is of the order of 42,672 PCUs.

•About 44,000 vehicle trips and about 3.7 lakhs passenger trips are performed on an average day.

Public bus

Inst bus Own car

Own TW

Share Car

Share TW

Auto Taxi Walk Ferry/boat

Train Unspec-ified

Percent 59.55 2.49 7.19 24.75 0.5 0.92 3.74 0.850000000000001

20.42 0.330000000000001

0.04 3.15

5

35

65

Distribution of person trips according to mode of travel in kochi city

Work Part of work

Personal business

Shopping Recreation Social Education Back Home

Percentage of trip makers

32.28 1.34 2.53 1.77 3.9 4.92 3.29 49.96

52545

Distribution of person trips according to trip purpose in Kochi city

Source: Transportation study of kochi city - NATPAC, Trivandrum

STUDY AREA – TRIP CHARACTERISTICS

SCOPE OF STUDY

2%6%

92%

Distribution of foot path in Kochi city

Foot path on one sideFoot path on both sideNo foot path

8%

68%

24%

Distribution of Drainage facility in Kochi city

covered drainuncovered drainno drain

car2 wheelerbus auto0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

internal to externalexternal to internalexternal to externalTOTAL

car 2 wheeler bus auto05

1015202530354045

internal to externalexternal to internalexternal to ex-ternalTOTAL

Distribution of Passenger Trips by Mode Distribution of vehicular Trips by Mode

Source: NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC.

Source: Comprehensive study for GCDA area by RITES.Source: Comprehensive study for GCDA area by RITES.

Source: NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC.

AIM & OBJECTIVES

AIM - to asses the adequacy of pedestrian facilities in Kochi city region and formulate strategies and plans for pedestrian friendly urban transport for city region.

To achieve this objectives,

a) Asses existing condition of the roads

b) Asses the existing pedestrian facilities

c) Identify conflict points

d) understand the density of pedestrian movement.

e) Asses the feasibility of introduction of non motorised transport

f) Asses the social economic and democratic profile on pedestrians and their travel characteristics through user surveys

g) Formulation of suitable proposals for improving pedestrian mobility.

h) proposals to improve the safety of pedestrian movement and reduction of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts.

METHODOLOGY

Identification issues

Formulation of aim, objective and scope of study

Literature review and case studies

Data collection

Primary data- Pedestrian and vehicular volume count survey- Pedestrian speed survey- Opinion survey-Road inventory survey--user preference survey

Secondary data- Land use maps- Traffic data- Parking data- Accident data

Analysis

AssessmentLocating

problem areas Identification of potential and constraints

Pedestrian network guidlines

Proposals

INDICATORS FOR PEDESTRIAN PROBLEMS

1. Volume-capacity ratioIt is the ratio of demand flow rate to capacity for a traffic facility.

a) V/C Ratio ≥ 1.0 Severe congestion b) V/C Ratio 0.75 to 1.0 Moderate congestion c) V/C Ratio 0.5 to 0.74 Limited congestion d) V/C Ratio < 0.5 No congestionThe degree of congestion is defined as follows:

2. Pedestrian-vehicle conflict

•It reflects the intensity of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts on a link and is represented by PV2 values

•For a road section with refuge, a value of PV2 greater than 2x108 and for a road section without refuge, PV2 value greater than 108 indicates a higher level of conflicts.

•A divided carriageway could be considered to have reduced impact of PV2 value by 50%.

Where Dc = Degree of CongestionSp = Maximum Speed posted in km/hSo = Observed Link Speed in km/hA value below 40 for degree of congestion is acceptable.

Sp-So

Dc = -------- * 100 Sp

3. WALKABILITY INDEX Factors affecting walkability include:

• presence or absence of quality footpaths,• sidewalks or pedestrian right of way,• traffic and roadway conditions,• land use pattern,• building accessibility • safety among others

The important infrastructure factors that influence the walkability are given below:

 • Access to public transport services• Presence of quality footpaths• Street furniture• Traffic volume, speed and wind conditions• Buffers to moving traffic (curb side parking)• Pedestrian crossings• Aesthetics to nearby local destinations• Shade or sun shine in appropriate seasons

• MICRO CLIMATE ANALYSIS

The pedestrian movement is affected by micro climate factors such as,• rain fall• humidity• atmospheric temperature• wind flow

REFERENCES

NATPAC Report 2006, Master Plan study for CoC. City development plan, Kochi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulam http://www.corporationofcochin.net/ http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/kerala/kochi.htm http://censusindia.gov.in/

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