Top Banner
In the name of Allah the most Beneficent, the most Merciful
46

Pathological effects of smoking

Aug 23, 2014

Download

Health & Medicine

Zubia Arshad

 
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Pathological effects of smoking

In the name of Allah the most Beneficent, the most Merciful

Page 2: Pathological effects of smoking

PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

OF SMOKING

PRESENTED BY:HADIA ARSHAD

Page 3: Pathological effects of smoking

Once regarded as socially acceptable, smoking is now counted among those habits which are hazardous to life.

The worst part of smoking is that, it not only causes harm to the smoker's health but, also to the surrounding people through passive smoking, which means to inhale cigarette smoke present in the environment and it is equally harmful. Due to this reason, smoking is highly condemned.

INTRODUCTION

Page 4: Pathological effects of smoking

There are more than 4,000 identified chemicals found in cigarette smoke, which have various carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The three most health damaging chemicals in tobacco smoke are nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide.

CONTENTS OF CIGARETTE

Page 5: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 6: Pathological effects of smoking

CardiovascularRespiratoryGastrointestinalUrogenitalNervousOthers

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF SMOKING

Page 7: Pathological effects of smoking

CRADIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Page 8: Pathological effects of smoking

Atherosclerosis

Coronary thrombosis

High blood pressure

Heart attack

Stroke

CRADIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Page 9: Pathological effects of smoking

Blood Pressure: Tobacco consists of carbon monoxide and

nicotine which contributes greatly to heart attack. Carbon monoxide reacts with hemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin. It cannot be broken up easily and reduces their blood carrying capacity. The heart has to pump faster and harder to maintain a normal blood flow, thus increasing the blood pressure.

Heart Attack: Carbon dioxide and nicotine increases the rate

at which the fatty material is deposited in the arteries, which constrict them. Narrowed arteries supply insufficient blood to heart muscles leading to angina pains. If these fatty deposits completely block an important artery such as a coronary artery, it can lead to heart attack.

Page 10: Pathological effects of smoking

Stroke: People who smoke cigarettes are

also at a grave risk of stroke. The carbon monoxide that lives in cigarette smoke has been associated with hardening of arteries, which can lead to stroke caused by blood clots in the brain.

Nicotine in cigarettes also causes the arteries in the legs and arms to tighten, which increases a risk of blood clots and damaged arteries surrounding the heart.

Page 11: Pathological effects of smoking

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Page 12: Pathological effects of smoking

RESPIRATORY DISEASESAsthma

Bronchitis

Lung cancer

Pneumonia

Tuberculosis

Emphysema

Cold and flu

Page 13: Pathological effects of smoking

Bronchitis Tar accumulates in the lungs during smoking and paralyzes

the cilia. Due to paralysis, cilia cannot remove dust particles, allowing dust and germs to enter the lungs. Hence, the smoker coughs persistently. This type of cough is called a smoker's cough. The air passages may become inflamed and the person suffers from bronchitis. A person suffering from bronchitis becomes easily breathless and may not be able to walk properly or sleep. Chronic bronchitis can be fatal.

Emphysema When the air-sacs in the lungs are broken down by the

harmful chemicals in the tobacco smoke, the surface area for the exchange of gases in and out of the body is reduced. More air has to be moved in and out of the lungs. This increases the rate of breathing making breathing more painful. Emphysema prevents its sufferer from being active

Page 14: Pathological effects of smoking

Lung cancer It is very common among cigarette smokers. Tar

contains many carcinogenic chemicals like benzopyrene which cause cancer.

If the out growth or tumor obstructs the air passages, it can result in death.

Page 15: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 16: Pathological effects of smoking

GASROINTESTINAL EFFECTS

Peptic ulcer

Gallstones

Stomach cancer

Heart burn

Page 17: Pathological effects of smoking

Peptic ulcer Nicotine in cigarette causes

excess production of acid by the parietal cells, causing erosion of stomach wall leading to ulcers.

Page 18: Pathological effects of smoking

NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS

Page 19: Pathological effects of smoking

Headaches

Stroke

Anxiety

Depression

Cognition

NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS

Page 20: Pathological effects of smoking

Brain goes to the un-conscious level at the time of intoxication and it kills essential tissues of the brain. It can also cause blood clotting in brain.

Smokers have significantly higher rates of clinical anxiety compared to non-smokers.

Nicotine and other tobacco additives have a direct negative impact on dopamine and serotonin.

Smoking cigarettes can also have a serious negative impact on cognitive abilities, because nicotine directly effects neurotransmitter associated with learning.

Page 21: Pathological effects of smoking

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

WARNING

Page 22: Pathological effects of smoking

Impotence

Cancer of cervix

Cancer of prostate

Cancer of kidney

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Page 23: Pathological effects of smoking

Infertility Smoking can causes impotence. Male

smokers may produce less sperm and their sperm may have more abnormalities than that of non-smokers.

Women who smoke cigarettes have earlier menopause.

Page 24: Pathological effects of smoking

CancersPregnancyOral cavitySkin

OTHERS EFFECTS

Page 25: Pathological effects of smoking

CANCERS

Page 26: Pathological effects of smoking

Lungs

Larynx

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Pancreas

Kidney

Cervix

Prostate

TYPES OF CANCERS

Page 27: Pathological effects of smoking

Cancers The most common side effect of smoking

cigarettes is cancer. While tobacco increases a person's risk of developing various types of cancers, the most common is lung cancer. Cigarette smoke also significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the mouth, lips, throat or voice box.

Cigarette smokers are also at an increased risk of developing cancer in the stomach, kidney, esophagus, pancreas, cervix and bladder.

Page 28: Pathological effects of smoking

“If we lose the battle against tobacco,

we will lose the war against cancer”

Page 29: Pathological effects of smoking

SMOKING DURING PRECNANCY

Page 30: Pathological effects of smoking

Smoking increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. Children born to smoking mothers have lower birth weights than the average, and they suffer a higher risk of asthma and chronic ear infections, less efficient lung function, and more frequent respiratory infections.

Women who take birth control pills and smoke, especially those over 35 years old, have increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

Page 31: Pathological effects of smoking

EFFECTS ON ORAL TISSUES

Page 32: Pathological effects of smoking

Halitosis

Yellow teeth

Plaque

Calculus

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Oral cancer

EFFECTS ON ORAL TISSUES

Page 33: Pathological effects of smoking

Yellow teeth are one of the most notorious effects of long-term smoking, but the dental damage doesn't stop there. People who smoke tend to develop gum disease, persistent bad breath, and other oral hygiene problems. Smokers are twice as likely to lose teeth as nonsmokers.

Page 34: Pathological effects of smoking

EFFECTS ON NON-SMOKERS

Page 35: Pathological effects of smoking

Passive smokers Those who live with heavy smokers, are likely to

suffer from sore eyes, smoker's cough, headaches and lung cancer caused by inhaling side-stream tobacco smoke.

Smokers and those around smokers have twice or thrice greater chance of suffering peptic ulcers. They also have more risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures, as the nicotine of cigarettes causes the bones of the body to become brittle.

One of the greatest hazards of smoking is that it decreases the body's immunity; hence, passive smokers tend to get colds, respiratory tract infections, and other diseases much more quickly.

Page 36: Pathological effects of smoking

“If you finally quit smoking, That will be a beautiful service for the

Society”

Page 37: Pathological effects of smoking

EFFECTS ON SKIN

Page 38: Pathological effects of smoking

Wrinkles

Scarring

Poor skin tone

Age spots

Psoriasis

Stained figures

EFFECTS ON SKIN

Page 39: Pathological effects of smoking

Smoking also causes: Muscle weakness Muscle tremors Gradual loss of eye sight Cataracts Hair loss Reduced athletic ability

Page 40: Pathological effects of smoking

Health effects of smoking

Page 41: Pathological effects of smoking

Keeping fit is also a lot harder if you smoke. Those who smoke:

are more easily exhausted suffer shortness of breath have reduced endurance are slower to react have poorer visual judgment  

Health effects of smoking

Page 42: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 43: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 44: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 45: Pathological effects of smoking
Page 46: Pathological effects of smoking