parental development

7/30/2019 parental development

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From the time of conception till birth (approx 9 months)Reproductive organs in the male and female are

responsible for the production of sex cells

Male- Spermatozoa- male germ cells produced by theTestes

Female Ova -Female germ cells produced by the

Ovaries


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Male reproductive system:Testes, spermatozoa, the accessory

sex glands &various channelsFemale reproductive system:

Ovaries, fallopian tube, the uterusand the vagina


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Ovulation: Process of maturing of the ovumand its escape to the fallopian tubes


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N i


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FSH From thePituitary gland

Production of egg follicle inthe ovary

Estrogen is secreted beforeovulation

Estrogen preparesuterine tissue

(endometrium)

Estrogen stopssecretion of FSH soonly this egg grows

Ovulation- burst of follicle andprogesterone is secreted

Helps indevelopment of

uterine tissue andpregnancy

No conception,levels of estrogenand progesterone

drop.Endometrium

shed


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Ovulation


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Fertilization: The fusion of the male gamete

(sperm)and the female gamete (ovum) to

form a zygote


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New life begins

Fertilized egg or the zygote begins to divide

Placenta - Umbilical cord - amniotic fluid sac.

Placenta is a disc shaped structure. One side finger like

blood vessels attached to the uterus.

Umbilical cord --- 1 artery and 2 veins


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Period of the zygote: Conception to 2 weeks,

unchanged rapid development

Period of the embryo: end of 2 week to 2 month - allimportant external and internal features - start to

develop &function- one and half to two inches- 1 ouncewt- accessory apparatus develop- miscarriages &abortions


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Ectoderm- skin, sensory organ, nervous system Mesoderm- muscles, blood, excretory system

Endoderm digestive system, lungs, thyroid otherorgans


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End of second week to birth Major development Head- large, arms & legs develop- heart begins to

beat 3 months- 3-4 inches, bones- teeth formation,

finger and toe nails emerge 5 months mother feels movements- 10 length,

half a lb wt 7 months- completely formed- 15 two and half

lbs- Skin red and wrinkled digestive system begins to

function Final two months rapid growth. Gains weight

redness of skin fades to pink


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Day One

Development begins on the day offertilization.

A pregnant woman may notice her first missedmenstrual period at the end of the second weekafter conception, or about four weeks after the

first day of her last normal period. There are different kinds of urine tests for

pregnancy. Some may not be accurate for up to three weeks,

or five weeks after the first day of your lastnormal period.


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2 weeks(4 WEEKS after the first day of the last

normal menstrual period)

By the 25th day, the heart begins to beat.

The human embryo is about one-hundredth

(1/100) of an inch long.

Implantation began the first week andcontinues.


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4 weeks(6 WEEKS after the first day of the last normalmenstrual period)The embryo is about one-sixth (1/6) of an inch long.

By the end of the first month,

the embryo has a head and

a trunk.Structures that will become

arms and legs, called

limb buds,

begin to appear.The heart, now in a

tubular form, begins to

beat by the 25th day.


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6 weeks(8 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal

menstrual period)The embryo is about half aninch long and has a

four-chambered heart.

Electrical activity begins in the

developing brain and

nervous system.

The fingers begin to develop.

The embryo has nostrils.


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8 weeks(10 WEEKS after the first day of the lastnormal menstrual period)

The embryo begins to form arms, legs,

hands, toes and a face

The embryo is about one and one-fifth (1

1/5) inches long.

The head is about half the size of the

embryo.

The beginnings of all key body parts are

present, although they are not completely

developed or positioned in their final

locations.

The embryo has ears, fingers, and toes.


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(12 WEEKS after the first day of the last normalmenstrual period)

The fetal heart beat can be detected electronically.

The fetus is about two and one-half (2 1/2) inches fromhead to rump.

The fingernails are developing.

Between 8 and 10 weeks, the fetus begins small, randommovements, though they are too slight to be felt yet.

The fetal heart beat can be detected electronically.


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(14 WEEKS after the first day of the last normalmenstrual period)

The doctor can often tell you if the fetus is a boy or agirl by special tests.

The fetus is about three and one-half (3 1/2) inches fromhead to rump.

The fetus is able to swallow, and the kidneys are able tomake urine.

A doctor may be able to tell you if it's a boy or a girl by

special tests.


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14 weeks(16 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal menstrualperiod)

The fetus is about four and three-fourths (4 3/4) inches from

head to rump.

The head is erect and the legs are developed.

16 weeks(18 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal menstrualperiod)

The fetus can kick, swallow, and sleep.

The fetus is about five and one-half (5 1/2) inches from head to

rump.

The ears stick out from the head.


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(22 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal menstrual

period)

The fetus has been moving for several weeks. Now thewoman begins to feel these movements.

The fetus is about seven and one-half (7 1/2) inches from head torump.

The fetus has fingerprints, and may have some head and bodyhair.

Although the fetus has been able to move for several weeks,movements, known as "quickening," are now felt by the pregnant

woman.


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24 weeks

(26 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal

menstrual period)

About 4 out of 10 babies

born now will live The fetus is about nine (9)

inches from head to rump.

The fetus can respond to

sound. About 4 out of 10 babies

born now will live.


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30 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal menstrual period

At 28 weeks, the fetus has lungs that can breathe air

The fetus is about ten and one-half (10 1/2) inches fromhead to rump.

The fetus has lungs that arecapable of breathing air, althoughmedical help may be needed.

The eyes are open.

About 9 out of 10 babies born nowwill survive.


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32 weeks(34 WEEKS after the first day of the last normal menstrual period)The fetus can grasp firmly

The fetus is about eleven and three-fourths ( 11 3/4) inches from headto rump.

Almost all babies born now will live.


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36 weeks

(38 WEEKS after the first day of last normal menstrual period)

The fetus is about thirteen and one-half (13 1/2) inches from head torump.

The fetus can grasp firmly.


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38 weeks (40 WEEKS after the first day of the

last normal menstrual period)

The baby has reached full term and isready to be born

The fetus is about fourteen (14) inchesfrom head to rump, and may be 20inches or more overall.

The baby is full term and ready to beborn.


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Hereditary endowment

Sex determination

No. of off springs

Ordinal position


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Inherits traits fromgrand parents, parentsand remote ancestors

40,000-60,000 genesin the chromosomesfrom each parent

Chromosomes arethread like particlescontaining genes

Genes are physical

substances passed onfrom parent tooffspring

Hereditaryendowment


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Cultural attitudesAttitudes of significant

peopleRole expectation

EarlytreatmentStimulation of innateabilities


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First born- get more guidance/help achievementoriented, ambitious, intelligent with leadership skills, bossy,autocratic & dominating

Second child independent, aggressive, extroverted, funloving, dependable, well adjusted

Middle child- aggressive, craves for affection, jealous,feelings of parental neglect, inferiority leading to behaviourdisorders

Youngest secure, confident, unassuming, responsible&also immature as he is always looked upon as a child-

disadvantages - divorce


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Missed period Nausea

Vomiting

Tingling sensation in the breast Frequency of urination

Foetal heart beat

Urine testAschien Zondek test


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1.Hereditary endowment

2.Rapid growth

&development

3.Conditions in the prenatal

period

4.attitudes


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Care during pregnancy

Obstetrical care

Nutrition

Exercise and rest

Clothing &footwear Hygiene

Discomforts duringpregnancy

Morning sickness

Constipation

Swelling- feet &ankles

Bleeding

Severe vomiting Headache, Dizziness

may lead to toxemia

Infections- Germanmeasles


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Maternal nutrition proteins, fats, vitamins &CHO Vitamin deficiency C, D, E, B6, B12, K Maternal health- Infections, endocrine disorders,

over weight, underweight Rh factor

Drugs X-ray- cornea, ear drum, nasal area, lungs Alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome affects physical &

mental development Tobacco- fetal heart rate, chemical content of the

blood affected Parental age Maternal emotions Uterine crowding


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Teratogens are environmental substances that can

cause birth defects in the developing fetus Maternal alcohol use leads to fetal alcohol syndrome

(facial defects, low IQ, neurobehavioral defects) Nicotine exposure leads to premature birth, low birth

weight, and more fetal deaths These drugs cross the placental barrier and impair fetalbrain development

Poor maternal nutrition can impair fetaldevelopment

Drug use by father can damage sperm Alcohol, opiates, cocaine, lead, and various gases are

known to damage sperm


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Positive approach Romanticizing parenthood

Effects of unfavourable attitudes

Happy and contented mother Develop right attitudes in siblings

Care to avoid sibling rivalry/ feelings of neglect

Spending time with the elder child


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http://departments.weber.edu/chfam/Prenatal/frames1.htm
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