Parathyroid & Posterior Pituitary Hormones PDF

5/24/2018 Parathyroid & Posterior Pituitary Hormones PDF

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GROUP 24MT-2Cala, Bianca VictoriaCalda, Danielle AlecCajucom, RozelCaritativo, Mico RaphaelDe Guzman, Jose Eduardo


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The posterior pituitary(or neurohypophysis)comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary

gland and is part of the endocrine system.

It secretes oxytocin and vasopressin which are

produced by the hypothalamus.

The hormones produced by the hypothalamus arestored in the Herring Bodies before being secreted

by the posterior pituitary.


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Hormones secreted by the P. Pituitary:

1. Oxytocin - Uterine contractions; lactation

2. Vasopressin - Stimulates water retention;raises blood pressure by contractingarterioles, induces male aggression


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1. VASOPRESSIN (VP) Targets Kidneys or Arterioles

Also known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

retention of water released when the body is dehydrated and causes

the kidney to conserve water

plays a key role in homeostasis increases peripheral vascular resistance

(vasoconstriction) and thus increases arterial blood

pressure


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ADH is a test that measures the amount of antidiuretic hormone(ADH) in blood

Indications: Diagnosis and characterization of diabetes insipidus (DI) Buildup of fluids in your body that are causing swelling or

puffiness Excessive amounts of urine Thirst that is intense or uncontrollable


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The patient should fast for at least 6 hours.No liquid intake is allowed.

A blood sample is needed.

The blood is acidified, then centrifuged.

After adding a buffer, the specimen ismeasured for ADH by RIA.


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Normal Value:Adults:


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Decreased ADHDamage to the pituitary gland

Diabetes insipidusPrimary polydipsia


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2. OXYTOCIN (OT) Targets the uterus and mammary glands plays roles in sexual reproduction, in

particular during and after childbirth. Released after distention the uterus and

cervix during labor

Also released after nipple stimulation orbreastfeeding Positive feedback Mechanism


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Used to determine how well the baby wouldundergo against the stress of labor

The mother is injected with Oxytocin,intravenously. Oxytocin would give the mother contractions

3-4 mins. apart for 1 whole hour.


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-Heart rate of the baby is measured duringthese contractions

> (+) Increased Fetal Heart Rate-Baby will not be able to toleratecontractions

-Wean Birth is recommended>(-) Normal Fetal Heart Rate-Baby will be able to tolerate contractions-Normal Birth


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*Lying flat on your backduring the test willcause:

> Decrease blood pressure >Decrease oxygen >FALSE fetal distress on the monitor


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The parathyroid glandsare small endocrineglands in the neck that produce parathyroid

hormone Humans usually have four parathyroid

glands, which are usually located on the rearsurface of the thyroid gland.

Parathyroid glands control the amount ofcalcium in the blood and within the bones.


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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) targets the bones and the kidney

secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroidglands increase the concentration of calcium in

the blood It also helps in Vitamin D synthesis PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes


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Stimulators: Secretion of parathyroid hormone is

controlled chiefly by serum [Ca2+

]through negative feedback. Mild decreases in serum [Mg2+]. An increase in serum phosphate


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Helps diagnose the reason for High or Low calciumlevels

Helps distinguish between parathyroid-related and

non-parathyroid-related causes It is also used to monitor patients with:

1.) Chronic Calcium Imbalances

2.) Surgery or Treatment of patients with

Parathyroid Tumors3.) Chronic Kidney Disease

4.) Hyperparathyroidism (Intraoperative

PTHT)


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Indications:1.) Test for Calcium is abnormal2.) Hypercalcemia

-Fatigue-Nausea-Muscle Pain-Thirst

3.) Hypocalcemia-Abdominal Pain-Muscle Pain-Tingling Fingers


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Interpretation

Normal Value ofPTH: 65 pg/mL

NV for serum calcium is 2.25-2.5 mmol/l


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Sources: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/dept/obgyn/LD_Policies/OCT

_CST_Policy.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2673765 http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/adh/tab/te

st http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003702.ht

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Parathyroid & Posterior Pituitary Hormones PDF

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