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Country Report

Panel of Tropical Cyclones

Kamol Promasakha na Sakolnakhon (DBA) Director of Meteorological Radar and Satellite Data Analysis Division,

Weather Forecast Bureau, Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)

43rd Session of WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones

2-6 May 2016, New Delhi, India

Outline

- Introduction of Thailand,

- Report on Meteorological component,

- Report on Hydrology component,

- Report on DRR component,

- Report on Training and Research component.

In 2015, Thailand was much warmer and

drier, annual rainfall averaged over the country of

1,419.6 mm, was 168.1 mm (11%) below the 1981-

2010 normal. During early rainy season due to a

combination of the absence of the monsoon trough

influences and El Nino episode, unusual dry and

warm conditions occurred in Thailand.

Introduction of Thailand

Accumulated Rainfall in 2015 Anormally in 2015

The annual mean temperature of 27.9 °C, 0.8 °C above normal, was

the second warmest year in Thailand on 65 years record same as 2010

(the warmest year is 1998). The mean temperature was above normal

for all months especially December and November which was 2.1 and

1.9 °C above normal, respectively. The maximum temperature reached

the new highest record in several areas.

Besides, there was only one tropical cyclone namely

“VAMCO (1519)” that moved into northeastern Thailand

at Ubon Ratchathani province on September 15. The

details are as follow.

Report on Meteorological Component

2.1 Weather Forecasting

TMD’s received the government budget in 2016 will

development of weather forecast system which will

establishment hardware and software in 2016. The model

composed of 3 domains: Domain-1 is resolution grid 18

kilometer square, Domain-2 is resolution grid 6 kilometer

square and Domain-3 is resolution grid 2 kilometer

square. High resolution WRF Bangkok model (resolution

2x2 km. vertical 35 levels) was run at TMD for urban

weather forecasting and improvement for Bangkok and

vicinity short range weather forecast.

Dimension Resolution Grid

640x640x71=29,081,600 18km. 1051x913x71=69,472,151 6km

811x911x71=52,456,291 2km

Detail of WRF Project

Initial storage

Backup data


(Forecasting System (HPC

+ Model)) Forecasting Process

HPC

Storage (3PB)

Computer graphics

High speed interconnection

GTS/FTP

SYNOP, SHIP, BUOY,…

TEMP, PILOT, WIND-PROFILER

Aircraft (AMDAR, AIREP)

Satellite (ATOVS, AIRS, IASI,

SSMI, HIMAWARI. Etc.)

Decoding Pre/Post Process Sever

API Decoded Files (OOB)

Observation data Preprocessing

Data Assimilation (3/4 DVAR)

OPS: QC Test

VAR: FDDA

SURF: Surface A nalysis

Global (NCEP)

Local (WRF)

Regional Model (WRF)

Post-

preprocessing/ Application models User

internet

High Performance Computer System (Phase I)


High speed

interconnection

High speed interconnection

System Diagram


2.2 Operational Room

Operational Room will development for meteorologist can

use observations data, seismic data numerical weather

prediction data and climate model data, to support

expertise and administration to decision making for

weather forecast: the very short range, short range,

medium range and long range forecast to the relevant

authorities, also public and private data to use

management.

TMD’s received the government budget in 2016

will development of War Room at Weather Forecast

Bureau of TMD, to establish hardware and software will

be finish the end of year.

2.3 Meteorological Satellite

The Japan the government trust fund with WMO supported

Himawari Satellite tool for TMD as HimawariCast set.

Himawari Satellite tool established the top TMD’s building can

measure every 10 minute and operate on routine.

Himawari-8/9: Specification of Observation

Channel Central Wavelength

[μm] Spatial

Resolution

1 0.43 – 0.48 1 km

2 0.50 – 0.52 1 km

3 0.63 – 0.66 0.5 km

4 0.85 – 0.87 1 km

5 1.60 – 1.62 2 km

6 2.25 – 2.27 2 km

7 3.74 – 3.96 2 km

8 6.06 – 6.43 2 km

9 6.89 – 7.01 2 km

10 7.26 – 7.43 2 km

11 8.44 – 8.76 2 km

12 9.54 – 9.72 2 km

13 10.3 – 10.6 2 km

14 11.1 – 11.3 2 km

15 12.2 – 12.5 2 km

16 13.2 – 13.4 2 km

RGB Composited True Color Image

O3

SO2

CO2

Water

Vapor

Atmospheric

Windows

Wavebands of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)

Region: Typhoon Interval: 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 minutes)

Dimension: EW x NS: 1000 x 1000 km

Region: Japan Interval: 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 minutes)

Dimension: EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km x 2

Full disk

Interval: 10 minutes (6 times per hour)

Number of Channels: 5 16 Interval: 30/60 min. 10min.

True Color Image

Himawari-8/9 ground segment and operations

Osaka*

http://www.satda.tmd.go.th/Himawari/?icon_size=300&d=./20160430

Temp. Clouds over Thailand

http://www.satda.tmd.go.th/BkkHimawari/?icon_size=300&d=./20160430

Temp. Clouds over Bangkok and Victium

Temp. Clouds over Thailand

Rain models

developed

from PR Observations.

Rainfall data retrieved from each microwave imager and/or sounder

Hourly merged microwave rainfall map

Calculated cloud moving vectors

GSMaP rainfall in 0.1 degree grid and hourly

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

GSMaP Algorithm overview

Qualitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE)

Data sets

http://www.satda.tmd.go.th/

Sakon Nakhon Radar 30 Sep 2013

Estimated Rainfall from Satellite 30 Sep 2013

Comparison Radar to Satellite, 30 SEP 2013

Estimated rainfall from satellite

30 September 2013 29 September 2013

Before, TC “NARI” attack Vietnam, Lao, Thailand


During, TC “NARI” attack Vietnam, Lao, Thailand


After, TC “NARI” attack Vietnam, Lao, Thailand


After, TC “NARI” attack Vietnam, Lao, Thailand


QPE from satellite to Basin

Chao Phaya basin

Chi basin

Moon basin

2. TMD’s, Weather Radar Network

TMD has 26 Doppler RADAR stations,

one mobile RADAR and one portable RADAR

as these follows;

• S – Band Doppler RADAR

10 cm 2800 MHz 5 stations

• C – Band Doppler RADAR/Portable


• X - Band Doppler RADAR/Mobile


Radar Information (C & S-Band 240 KM Range)

2. TMD’s, Weather Radar Network

30 April 2016

30 April 2016

30 April 2016

www.gts.tmd.go.th

Meteorological Telecommunication Network

• GTS Network

• Volume Meteorology

• Broadcast for Shipping

• Radiofax (HF Fax)

Southeast Asia Meteorological Telecommunication Center

(RTH Bangkok)

TMD’s received the government budget in 2016 will

development the global telecommunication (GTS) to integrate data

support ICAO.

The Global Telecommunication System (GTS)

GTS: The coordinated global system of telecommunication facilities and arrangements for the rapid collection, exchange and distribution of observations and processed information.

The GTS has a hierarchical structure on three levels

• MTN - The Main Telecommunication Network Linking 3 WMCs

and 15 RTHs

• RMTN - The Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network to integrate network of 6 WMO regions

• NMTN - The National Meteorological Telecommunication

Network to enable NMCs to collect observational data and received and distribute meteorological information on a national level

Vientiane

Baghdad

Doha

Kuwait

Bahrain

Dhaka

Yangon

Kabul

Karachi

Colombo

Male Phnom Penh

PyongYang Ashgabad

Macao

256K

Dushanbe

Almaty

NI

NI

NI

Seoul

NI

NI

512K

14.4-28.8K (V.34)

4M 64K

64K

1200

64K

64K

64k

Offenbach

Offenbach

Cairo

Algiers

Kuala Lumpur

Tashkent

Novosibirsk

Khabarovsk

Bangkok

Washington

NI

24-19.2K (V.34)

19.2-24K (V.34)

Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region II (Asia) Current status as of 25 November 2011

Bishkek

64K

Singapore

RTH in Region II

NMC in Region II

Centre in other region

MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit

Non-IP link IP link Internet E-mail transmission

NI No implementation

Tehran

Sanaa

Hong Kong

Moscow

NI

F/R CIR <32/32K>

Manila

Internet

Jeddah

Muscat

64K

64K

64K

Washington

ISDN 128K

64K

via Moscow

64K

64K

Thimpu

New Delhi

NI

64K

64K

64K

128K

9.6K

Ulaanbaatar

Abu-Dhabi 1200

64K

Melbourne

Melbourne

IMTN MPLS

10M

64K

512K IMTN MPLS

IMTN MPLS

IMTN MPLS

IMTN MPLS

IMTN MPLS

MPLS

Internet

Internet

1M

10M

4M

10M

1M

512K

2M

1M

512K

4M

MPLS

2M

128K

MPLS

4M

Internet

Internet

Internet

Internet

Internet

Internet

Internet

Internet Internet

Internet

EUMETSAT MPLS 2M

Toulouse

Internet

64K

64K

64K

NI

Internet

Kathmandu

Internet

Internet

64K

Internet

Hanoi

128K 2M

MPLS

2M

1M

MPLS

128K

2M

64K MPLS

1M

MPLS

64K

64K

64K

64K MPLS MPLS

Internet

8M

Toulouse

Beijing

Moscow

64K

64K

64K

Internet Internet

Internet

2M

4M

3M

IMTN MPLS

10M

1M

Tokyo

Exeter

IMTN MPLS

10M

2M

IMTN MPLS

4M

64K

4M

EUMETSAT

MPLS 4M

10M

RTH

Beijing Tokyo (MPLS-128 kbps)

Jeddah

New Delhi

NC

(Leased line) (Internet)

NC

Vientiane

Hanoi

Taipei

Phnom Penh

Yangon

Nay Pyi Taw

Hong Kong

NC (RA-V)

(Leased line)

Kuala Lumpur (MPLS)

Singapore (MPLS)

GTS Network of RTH Bangkok

(Leased line)

Cambodia

- Circuit bandwidth for all leased line circuits, except Tokyo, is 64 kbps - Current internet bandwidth is 30/6 Mbps (Guaranteed) Starting October 1, 2013 internet bandwidth will be upgraded to 40/10 Mbps (Guaranteed)

Thimphu

Exchange on GTS

The types of meteorological messages containing

observational data to be exchanged on the Main

Telecommunication Network are as follows:

• Surface observations on land and sea, including data

from ships and buoys

• Upper-air observations including data from aircraft

• Climatological data

• Selected satellite data

• Seismic data, tsunami and other types of data as

agreed

Bangkok Volume Met

AMSS

(RTH Bangkok)

GTS

Network

Domestic Communication

Center (METNET)

Bureau of Aeronautical

Meteorology

(AEROMET)

Domestic

Airports

SADIS

Network

Aeronautical Radio

Of Thailand

(AEROTHAI)

AFTN

Network

Email in:

[email protected]

Satellite image

Center

5. Report on Training and Research components

5.1 In 2015, Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)

sent officials to attend in the trainings supported by

WMO

5.1 In 2015, Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) sent

officials to attend in the trainings supported by WMO

(Continuous)

5.1 In 2015, Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) sent

officials to attend in the trainings supported by WMO

(Continuous)

5.2 Training “Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration

Project (SWFDP) Regional Subproject for the Bay of

Bengal and Southeast Asia Training Workshop on Severe

Weather Forecasting and Warning Services”

The Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) in

cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization

(WMO) organized a two- week Training Workshop entitled

“Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project

(SWFDP) Regional Subproject for the Bay of Bengal and

Southeast Asia Training Workshop on Severe Weather

Forecasting and Warning Services” at the Thai

Meteorological Department (TMD) in Bangkok from 14 to

25 September 2015,

with the aims to facilitate the participation of the

National Meteorological and Hydrological Services

(NMHSs) in the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia

involved in the SWFDP Project and enhancing them on the

use of existing Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

products for improving meteorological warnings, and

supporting emergency response to hazardous weather

conditions and weather-related hazards. The Workshop

was conducted successfully with participation of all 49

participants from the 9 participating countries in the

SWFDP-Bay of Bengal namely: Bangladesh, Bhutan,

India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and

Thailand,

and the five participating countries in the SWFDP-

Southeast Asia namely: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Philippines,

Thailand and Vietnam. Besides there were all 15 resource

persons/lecturers from WMO, Australia, Canada, China,

Hong Kong, New Zealand, India, Japan and Vientnam,

participated in the Training Workshop. The event was

funding supported from WMO and TMD as the host

country.

5.3 In the beginning of 2016, the Thai Meteorological

Department (TMD) in cooperation with the Japan

International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Office in

Bangkok and the Thailand International Cooperation

Agency (TICA) organized a Training course on

Hydrology (Advance Flood Forecasting, Flash Flood

Forecasting, Remote Sensing and GIS) for the Myanmar

Officials from 18 January to 17 February 2016, at TMD

Headquarters, under the Trilateral Cooperation

Framework between Japan, Thailand and Myanmar with

the full financial support from the JICA Office in

Bangkok and the TICA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of

Thailand.

Picture 1: Mr. Charoon Laohalertchai, Director of Meteorological Development Bureau (TMD)

(who stand in the middle) took a group photo with lecturers, TMD staff and five participants

from DMH, Myanmar after the opening ceremony of the Training course on the morning of 18

January 2016, in front of the statute of Admiral Kromluang Chumporn Khate Udomsakdi, the

Founder of TMD, at TMD Headquarters in Bangkok.

Training course on Hydrology (Advance Flood Forecasting, Flash Flood Forecasting, Remote

Sensing and GIS)

Picture 2: Myanmar participants courtesy called on Dr. Songkran Agsorn, Deputy Director-

General of TMD in charge of Technical Services on the first day of the training.


Sensing and GIS)

Picture 3 and 4: Dr. Songkran Agsorn, Deputy Director-General, TMD presided over the closing

ceremony of the training and presented certificates to participants, held in the afternoon of 17

February 2016 at Bussarakham Meeting Room, TMD Headquarters. The Closing ceremony was

attended by Mr. Wattanawit GAJASENI, representative of TICA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

Thailand, Mr. Masanari Yanagiuchi, Senior Representative of JICA, Mr. Katsuya Miyoshi,

Representative of JICA, Mr. Thada Sukhapunnaphan, Representative of RID, Mr. Charoon

Laohalertchai, Director of Meteorological Development Bureau, TMD and some of Thai

lecturers.


Sensing and GIS)

Picture 5 : Dr. Songkran Agsorn, Deputy Director-General, (who stands in the

middle, second row) took a group photo with TICA and JICA, RID representatives,

TMD staff and five participants from DMH, Myanmar after the closing ceremony.

Conclusions

From the activities 2015, report on meteorological

component,

- TMD’s received the government budget 2016, to develop Weather

Forecast System and develop Operational room,

- TMD’s received HimawariCast established ground

station; hardware and software on the top of TMDD’s building,

- JMA was transfer radar composite technique to TMD’s staffs,

- TMD’s have the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) budget

will development in this year,

- TMD’s cooperation JAXA to QPE satellite data,

- TMD’s cooperation JICA and TICAR had training to member.

Thank You

Panel of Tropical Cyclones - · PDF fileFiles (OOB) Observation data ... •Broadcast for Shipping •Radiofax ... Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar,

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