PALISADES The Role of Transportation Professionals in Transportation Security Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCE President, Palisades Consulting Group, Inc. Vice.

PALISADES

The Role of Transportation Professionals The Role of Transportation Professionals

in Transportationin Transportation SecuritySecurity

Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCEEva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCEPresident, Palisades Consulting Group, Inc. President, Palisades Consulting Group, Inc.

Vice President, Transportation and Development Institute Vice President, Transportation and Development Institute of the ASCEof the ASCE

Presented to the Presented to the ASCE Cleveland State University Student ChapterASCE Cleveland State University Student Chapter

Thursday, April 21, 2005Thursday, April 21, 2005

PALISADES

Overview of PresentationOverview of Presentation

What is “T&DI”?What is “T&DI”? Nature and Background of Transportation Nature and Background of Transportation

SecuritySecurity Today’s ChallengesToday’s Challenges Role of the Transportation EngineerRole of the Transportation Engineer Future TrendsFuture Trends

PALISADES

ASCE InstitutesASCE Institutes

There are seven full-service, self-governing Institutes within the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) that serve the needs of all members of the civil engineering project team in specific areas.

PALISADES

Transportation and Development Transportation and Development Institute of ASCEInstitute of ASCE

Established in 2003Established in 2003 Over 14,100 membersOver 14,100 members Non-ASCE members eligibleNon-ASCE members eligible

Acknowledges importance of disciplines (law, Acknowledges importance of disciplines (law, architecture, public administration, etc.) in architecture, public administration, etc.) in transportation and developmenttransportation and development

$125/year for non-members$125/year for non-members One free Institute membership for ASCE One free Institute membership for ASCE

members ($20 each additional members ($20 each additional Institute)Institute)

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T&DI VisionT&DI Vision

““A global leader for integrated A global leader for integrated transportation and development that is transportation and development that is

safe, secure and sustainable”safe, secure and sustainable”

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T&DI Board of GovernorsT&DI Board of Governors

1. Robert D. Stevens, Ph.D., P.E., AICP, F.ASCE, President

2. Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff. M.ASCE, Vice President

3. Louis F. Cohn, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, Treasurer

4. Kumares C. Sinha, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE, Past President

5. Essam Radwan, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE

6. Larry G. Mugler, AICP, M.ASCE

7. C. Michael Walton, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE

8. Jonathan C. Esslinger, P.E., F.ASCE, Director & Secretary

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T&DI Technical ActivitiesT&DI Technical Activities

PlanningAnd

Development

PlanningAnd

Development

Design,ConstructionMaintenance


OperationsAnd

Safety

OperationsAnd

Safety

CrossCuttingCross

Cutting

-Advanced Technologies- Infrastructure Systems- Research- Transportation Security

-Airfield Pavement- Highway Pavement - Construction- Local Roads & Streets- Geometric Design

Technical Activities Division ExComTechnical Activities Division ExCom

- TransportationSafety-Transportation Operations- Public Transport- Rail Transportation- Automated People Movers

- Intermodal- Airport Planning & Operations- Planning & Economics- Land Use- Environmental Issues

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T&DI Administrative ActivitiesT&DI Administrative Activities

AwardsAwards MembershipMembershipPublicationsPublications

ConferencesConferences

Administrative Activities Division ExComAdministrative Activities Division ExCom

PolicyPolicy EducationEducation StandardsStandards

NominatingNominating

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T&DI Products & Services

• 3 Journals3 Journals

• Quarterly NewsletterQuarterly Newsletter

• Specialty ConferencesSpecialty Conferences• 10th Automated People Movers (May 1-10th Automated People Movers (May 1-

4, 2005, Orlando, FL)4, 2005, Orlando, FL)• Pavement Conference (Fall 2005, Pavement Conference (Fall 2005,

Atlanta, GA, Tentative)Atlanta, GA, Tentative)• 9th International AATT Conference 9th International AATT Conference

(August 13 – 16, 2006, Chicago, IL)(August 13 – 16, 2006, Chicago, IL)

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• Specialty Conferences (Cont’d.)Specialty Conferences (Cont’d.)• 29th International Air Transport (Summer 29th International Air Transport (Summer

2006)2006)• Intermodal Conference (2006 – Tentative)Intermodal Conference (2006 – Tentative)• 10th AATT Conference (2008)10th AATT Conference (2008)• Smart Growth (Date TBD)Smart Growth (Date TBD)

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• Continuing Professional DevelopmentContinuing Professional Development• Transportation Security (Web – Based)Transportation Security (Web – Based)• Hot Topics in Transportation (Web – Hot Topics in Transportation (Web –

Based)Based)• Roadside DesignRoadside Design• Context-Sensitive SolutionsContext-Sensitive Solutions• Work Zone Traffic ControlWork Zone Traffic Control

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• Low Volume Road Pavement GuideLow Volume Road Pavement Guide

• Local Road Design ManualLocal Road Design Manual

• Standards, such as Automated Standards, such as Automated People MoversPeople Movers

• Awards ProgramAwards Program

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T&DI Transportation Security T&DI Transportation Security CommitteeCommittee

PlanningAnd

Development

PlanningAnd

Development



OperationsAnd

Safety

OperationsAnd

Safety

CrossCuttingCross

Cutting

-Advanced Technologies- Infrastructure Systems- Research- Transportation Transportation SecuritySecurity

-Airfield Pavement- Highway Pavement - Construction- Local Roads & Streets- Geometric Design

Technical Activities Division ExComTechnical Activities Division ExCom

- TransportationSafety-Transportation Operations- Public Transport- Rail Transportation- Automated People Movers

- Intermodal- Airport Planning & Operations- Planning & Economics- Land Use- Environmental Issues

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41 members41 members Includes engineers, planners, architects, Includes engineers, planners, architects,

security professionals, researchers, security professionals, researchers, operators, ownersoperators, owners Civilian governmentCivilian government Military governmentMilitary government Private sectorPrivate sector

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Chair: Charles Barker, P.E., ARM, M. ASCEChair: Charles Barker, P.E., ARM, M. ASCE Vice Chair: Tadi Ramakrishna, P.E., M. ASCEVice Chair: Tadi Ramakrishna, P.E., M. ASCE Past Chair: Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCEPast Chair: Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCE Secretary: Stephen F. Duffy, Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCESecretary: Stephen F. Duffy, Ph.D., P.E., M. ASCE

InfrastructureInfrastructure OperationsOperations EducationEducation

ExComExCom

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T&DI Transportation Security T&DI Transportation Security Committee ActivitiesCommittee Activities

Education and Outreach Course: Transportation Security 101Education and Outreach Course: Transportation Security 101

Synthesis of Practice: Homeland Security Color-Coded Synthesis of Practice: Homeland Security Color-Coded Warning SystemWarning System

Webinars: Transportation and Security Experts Sharing Best Webinars: Transportation and Security Experts Sharing Best Practices Practices

Task Committees:Task Committees: Enabling Professional Discourse in a “Security-Sensitive” Enabling Professional Discourse in a “Security-Sensitive”

EnvironmentEnvironment Guidelines and Best Practices for Roving Security InspectionsGuidelines and Best Practices for Roving Security Inspections

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Nature and Background of Nature and Background of Transportation SecurityTransportation Security

Security is:Security is: Protection against Protection against crimescrimes

Security is NOT:Security is NOT: SafetySafety, which is protection against , which is protection against accidentsaccidents

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Nature and Background of Nature and Background of Transportation SecurityTransportation Security

Pre-9/11Pre-9/11 Emphasis on Emphasis on law enforcementlaw enforcement Focus was not on counter-terrorism, Focus was not on counter-terrorism,

infrastructure hardening, mitigation, emergency infrastructure hardening, mitigation, emergency response or recoveryresponse or recovery

Post-9/11Post-9/11 Playing “catch up” on the abovePlaying “catch up” on the above

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Good Security is Good SecurityGood Security is Good Security

Non-terroristNon-terrorist TerroristTerrorist

[Opposite is also true…][Opposite is also true…]

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Key StrategiesKey Strategies

Prepare and Prevent

Protect Respond and Recover

Transportation

Systems

TerroristThreats

Non-TerroristThreats

Deter & Mitigate

Deter & Mitigate

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Transportation Modes

AviationAviation Public Transit Public Transit HighwaysHighways RailRail PipelinePipeline Navigable WaterwaysNavigable Waterways PortsPorts BridgesBridges TunnelsTunnels

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One Subsector: Public Transit One Subsector: Public Transit Past Breaches in Security:Past Breaches in Security:

August 6, 1927August 6, 1927 Two bombs in two NYC Two bombs in two NYC Subway stationsSubway stations

December 7, 1993 December 7, 1993 Colin Ferguson kills 6, injures Colin Ferguson kills 6, injures 17 on LIRR at rush hour17 on LIRR at rush hour

December 15 and 21, 1994December 15 and 21, 1994 Edward Leary explodes two Edward Leary explodes two bombs on the NYC subway bombs on the NYC subway system, injuring 53 peoplesystem, injuring 53 people

October 9, 1995 October 9, 1995 "Sons of the Gestapo" kills 1, "Sons of the Gestapo" kills 1, injures 65 on sabotaged injures 65 on sabotaged Amtrak Sunset Limited in Amtrak Sunset Limited in Arizona desert Arizona desert

November 27, 1998 November 27, 1998 Deranged passenger on a Deranged passenger on a Seattle Metro bus kills bus Seattle Metro bus kills bus operator, one passenger and operator, one passenger and injures 32 others. injures 32 others.

May 2, 2001May 2, 2001Bus hijacker in LA crashes into Bus hijacker in LA crashes into a minivan, killing the minivan a minivan, killing the minivan driver and injuring seven driver and injuring seven others.others.

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Moscow, August 8, 2000Moscow, August 8, 2000

Eight people died and Eight people died and more than 50 were more than 50 were injured after a bomb injured after a bomb ripped through one of ripped through one of Moscow's busiest Moscow's busiest underground underground walkways creating walkways creating carnage during rush carnage during rush hourhour

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New York, September 11, 2001New York, September 11, 2001

Two hijacked jetliners Two hijacked jetliners hit the World Trade hit the World Trade Center in New York Center in New York

PATH and MTA PATH and MTA subway train stations subway train stations are destroyedare destroyed

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Madrid, March 11, 2004Madrid, March 11, 2004

Bombs were loaded onto the Bombs were loaded onto the early morning trains as they early morning trains as they passed through a suburban passed through a suburban station en route for Madridstation en route for Madrid

10 bombs detonated by mobile 10 bombs detonated by mobile phone exploded on four trains phone exploded on four trains in three stations during the rush in three stations during the rush hour, killing 190 and injuring hour, killing 190 and injuring more than 1,430more than 1,430

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Tactical Elements of This War

A sports bag A sports bag containing an containing an unexploded bomb unexploded bomb was discovered in the was discovered in the wreckage of one of wreckage of one of the Madrid train carsthe Madrid train cars

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A cell phone was A cell phone was found in the bag, found in the bag, rigged to act as a rigged to act as a detonation devicedetonation device

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The unexploded The unexploded bomb contained bomb contained about 22 pounds of a about 22 pounds of a whitish-colored plastic whitish-colored plastic explosiveexplosive

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Also packed in the Also packed in the bag was a large bag was a large quantity of bolts and quantity of bolts and nails, the potentially nails, the potentially deadly shrapneldeadly shrapnel

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Today’s ChallengesToday’s Challenges

Re-organizing GovernmentRe-organizing Government Bolstering competencies and efforts in:Bolstering competencies and efforts in:

Counter-terrorismCounter-terrorism Infrastructure HardeningInfrastructure Hardening ResponseResponse RecoveryRecovery

Education and Outreach to professionals Education and Outreach to professionals and general citizenryand general citizenry

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““Catching up”: Catching up”: Re-organizing GovernmentRe-organizing Government

Department of Homeland Security, established 2002Department of Homeland Security, established 2002 Consolidated 22 agencies, 180,000 employeesConsolidated 22 agencies, 180,000 employees Purpose: To be the unifying core for the vast national Purpose: To be the unifying core for the vast national

network of organizations and institutions involved in network of organizations and institutions involved in efforts to secure the nationefforts to secure the nation

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Created as part of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of Created as part of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World 2001 in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. Trade Center and The Pentagon.

Originally organized in the U.S. Department of Transportation; Originally organized in the U.S. Department of Transportation; moved to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003moved to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003

Charged with developing policies to ensure the safety of U.S. air Charged with developing policies to ensure the safety of U.S. air traffic and other forms of transportation. traffic and other forms of transportation.

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National Strategy For Homeland Security (2002)National Strategy For Homeland Security (2002) Organizing for a Secure HomelandOrganizing for a Secure Homeland Critical Mission AreasCritical Mission Areas

Intelligence and Warning Intelligence and Warning Border and Transportation Security Border and Transportation Security Domestic Counterterrorism Domestic Counterterrorism Protecting Critical Infrastructures and Key AssetsProtecting Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets Defending against Catastrophic Threats Defending against Catastrophic Threats Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency Preparedness and Response

FoundationsFoundations Law Law Science and TechnologyScience and Technology Information Sharing and Systems Information Sharing and Systems International CooperationInternational Cooperation

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National Response Plan (2004)National Response Plan (2004) Integrates domestic prevention, Integrates domestic prevention,

preparedness, response, and recovery preparedness, response, and recovery activities into a single all-discipline, all-activities into a single all-discipline, all-hazards plan.hazards plan.

Forms the basis of how the federal Forms the basis of how the federal government coordinates with state, local, and government coordinates with state, local, and tribal governments and the private sector tribal governments and the private sector during incidents. during incidents.

PALISADES


National Incident Management System National Incident Management System (2005)(2005) Integrates effective practices in emergency Integrates effective practices in emergency

preparedness and response into a preparedness and response into a comprehensive national framework for comprehensive national framework for incident management incident management

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Major challenges:Major challenges: Differences in operating policies, procedures, Differences in operating policies, procedures,

cultures cultures Implementation (definitions, policies, Implementation (definitions, policies,

procedures, guidelines, best practices, etc.) procedures, guidelines, best practices, etc.) at the regional, state and local levels at the regional, state and local levels

Lack of fundingLack of funding

PALISADES

Bolstering effortsBolstering efforts Counter-terrorismCounter-terrorism

Intelligence gathering and sharingIntelligence gathering and sharing

Infrastructure HardeningInfrastructure Hardening Engineering must include terrorism as a design Engineering must include terrorism as a design

constraintconstraint

ResponseResponse Unified National Response PlanUnified National Response Plan Incident Management SystemIncident Management System

RecoveryRecovery ??? (Virtual absence of current activity!)??? (Virtual absence of current activity!)

PALISADES

Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach Major objective of T&DI—through its Transportation Major objective of T&DI—through its Transportation

Security CommitteeSecurity Committee Other ASCE Institutes are also incorporating SecurityOther ASCE Institutes are also incorporating Security ASCE 2005 Infrastructure Report Card includes Security ASCE 2005 Infrastructure Report Card includes Security

as a new categoryas a new category Ready.Gov (Ready.Gov (www.ready.govwww.ready.gov))

““Don’t be afraid, be prepared”Don’t be afraid, be prepared” ReadyBusinessReadyBusiness ReadyAmericaReadyAmerica ReadyKidsReadyKids

The Infrastructure Security Partnership (The Infrastructure Security Partnership (www.tisp.orgwww.tisp.org) )

PALISADES

Future TrendsFuture Trends

1.1. Strategic planning phase is transitioning to Strategic planning phase is transitioning to implementation phaseimplementation phase

2.2. Must understand the interdependencies Must understand the interdependencies between and among critical infrastructuresbetween and among critical infrastructures

3.3. Need to prioritize initiatives and monitor the Need to prioritize initiatives and monitor the programming and expenditure of funds against programming and expenditure of funds against a backdrop of continued fiscal austeritya backdrop of continued fiscal austerity

4.4. Increasing sense of complacency until the next Increasing sense of complacency until the next major attackmajor attack

PALISADES

Role of the Transportation EngineerRole of the Transportation Engineer

1.1. Include Security as a Include Security as a design constraintdesign constraint in in all activitiesall activities

PlanningPlanning DesignDesign ConstructionConstruction MitigationMitigation ResponseResponse RecoveryRecovery

PALISADES


2.2. Seek (and demand) security education Seek (and demand) security education and trainingand training

Course curriculaCourse curricula Certification programsCertification programs Exercises and drillsExercises and drills

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3.3. Raise awareness of importance of Raise awareness of importance of RecoveryRecovery planning and preparedness planning and preparedness

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In ConclusionIn Conclusion1.1. There is a significant role for the There is a significant role for the

transportation professional to play in transportation professional to play in securing our multi-modal transportation securing our multi-modal transportation systemssystems

2.2. Membership and participation in Membership and participation in professional societies (such as T&DI) professional societies (such as T&DI) can help transportation professionals can help transportation professionals develop careers and help secure the develop careers and help secure the nationnation

PALISADES

References References

Transportation and Development Institute (Transportation and Development Institute (www.tanddi.orgwww.tanddi.org))

American Society of Civil Engineers (American Society of Civil Engineers (www.asce.orgwww.asce.org)) Presidential Actions (Presidential Actions (www.whitehouse.govwww.whitehouse.gov/homeland//homeland/)) Ready.Gov (Ready.Gov (www.ready.govwww.ready.gov)) Department of Homeland Security (Department of Homeland Security (www.dhs.govwww.dhs.gov)) Transportation Security Administration (Transportation Security Administration (www.tsa.govwww.tsa.gov)) Federal Emergency Management Agency National Federal Emergency Management Agency National

Incident Management System (Incident Management System (http://www.fema.gov/nims/http://www.fema.gov/nims/) )

PALISADES The Role of Transportation Professionals in Transportation Security Eva Lerner-Lam, Aff., ASCE President, Palisades Consulting Group, Inc. Vice.

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