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Page 1: Pakistani architecture

Pakistani Pakistani Architecture Architecture

Page 2: Pakistani architecture

Pakistani architecturePakistani architecture includes various includes various structures built during different time structures built during different time periods. periods.

With the beginning of the Indus civilization With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium around the middle of the 3rd millennium B.C.B.C.

This was followed by the Gandhara style of This was followed by the Gandhara style of Buddhist architecture that borrowed Buddhist architecture that borrowed elements from the Ancient Greece. These elements from the Ancient Greece. These remnants are visible in the Gandhara remnants are visible in the Gandhara capital of Taxila. capital of Taxila.

Page 3: Pakistani architecture

Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization

Archaeologists Archaeologists excavated numerous excavated numerous ancient cities, among ancient cities, among them Mohenjo Daro, them Mohenjo Daro, Harappa and Kot Diji, Harappa and Kot Diji, which have a which have a uniform, appropriate uniform, appropriate structure with broad structure with broad roads as well as well roads as well as well thought out sanitary thought out sanitary and drainage and drainage facilities. facilities.

Page 4: Pakistani architecture

The majority of the discovered brick The majority of the discovered brick constructions are public buildings constructions are public buildings such as bath houses and workshops. such as bath houses and workshops. Wood and loam served as Wood and loam served as construction materials. construction materials.

Large scale temples, such as those Large scale temples, such as those found in other ancient cities are found in other ancient cities are missing. With the collapse of the IVC missing. With the collapse of the IVC culture the architecture also culture the architecture also suffered considerable damage suffered considerable damage

Page 5: Pakistani architecture

Buddhist & Hindu Buddhist & Hindu ArchitectureArchitecture

With the rise of Buddhism outstanding With the rise of Buddhism outstanding architectural monuments were developed, architectural monuments were developed, which have lasted into the present.which have lasted into the present.

In addition, the Persian and Greek In addition, the Persian and Greek influence led to the development of the influence led to the development of the Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st century A.D..century A.D..

The high point of this era was reached with The high point of this era was reached with the culmination of the Gandhara style. the culmination of the Gandhara style.

Page 6: Pakistani architecture

Important remnants of Important remnants of Buddhist construction are Buddhist construction are stupas and other buildings stupas and other buildings with clearly recognizable with clearly recognizable Greek statues and style Greek statues and style elements like support elements like support columns which, beside ruins columns which, beside ruins from other epochs, are from other epochs, are found in the Gandhara found in the Gandhara capital Taxila in the extreme capital Taxila in the extreme north of the Punjab. north of the Punjab.

A particularly beautiful A particularly beautiful example of Buddhist example of Buddhist architecture is the ruins of architecture is the ruins of the Buddhist monastery the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi in the Takht-i-Bahi in the northwest province. northwest province.

Page 7: Pakistani architecture

Mughal Architecture Mughal Architecture The arrival of Islam in today's Pakistan - The arrival of Islam in today's Pakistan -

first in Sindh - during 8th century A.D. first in Sindh - during 8th century A.D. meant a sudden end of Buddhist meant a sudden end of Buddhist architecture. However, a smooth transition architecture. However, a smooth transition to predominantly pictureless Islamic to predominantly pictureless Islamic architecture occurred. architecture occurred.

The way early mosques were built with The way early mosques were built with decorations oriented them strongly to the decorations oriented them strongly to the Arab style. The earliest example of a Arab style. The earliest example of a mosque from the days of infancy of Islam in mosque from the days of infancy of Islam in South Asia is the Mihrablose mosque of South Asia is the Mihrablose mosque of Banbhore, from the year 727, the first Banbhore, from the year 727, the first Muslim place of worship on the Indian Muslim place of worship on the Indian Subcontinent. Subcontinent.

Under the Delhi Sultan the Persian-Under the Delhi Sultan the Persian-centralasiatic style ascended over Arab centralasiatic style ascended over Arab influences. Most important characteristic influences. Most important characteristic of this style is the Iwan, walled on three of this style is the Iwan, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. Further sides, with one end entirely open. Further characteristics are wide prayer halls, characteristics are wide prayer halls, round domes with mosaics and geometrical round domes with mosaics and geometrical samples and the use of painted tiles. samples and the use of painted tiles.

Page 8: Pakistani architecture

The most important of the few completely The most important of the few completely discovered buildings of Persian style is the tomb discovered buildings of Persian style is the tomb of the Shah Rukn-i-Alam (built 1320 to 1324) in of the Shah Rukn-i-Alam (built 1320 to 1324) in Multan. Multan.

Page 9: Pakistani architecture

British Colonial British Colonial Architecture Architecture

In the British colonial age In the British colonial age predominantly representative predominantly representative buildings of the Indo-European style buildings of the Indo-European style developed, from a mixture of developed, from a mixture of European and Indian-Islamic European and Indian-Islamic components. Amongst the more components. Amongst the more prominent works are Mohatta Palace prominent works are Mohatta Palace and Frere Hall in Karachi. and Frere Hall in Karachi.

Page 10: Pakistani architecture

Mohatta Palace, KarachiMohatta Palace, Karachi

Page 11: Pakistani architecture

Frere Hall, KarachiFrere Hall, Karachi

Page 12: Pakistani architecture

Post Independence Post Independence Architecture Architecture

After independence Pakistan strove to express After independence Pakistan strove to express its new found national identity through its new found national identity through architecture. This reflects itself particularly in architecture. This reflects itself particularly in modern structures like the Faisal Mosque in modern structures like the Faisal Mosque in the capital built during the 1960s. the capital built during the 1960s.

In addition, buildings of monumental In addition, buildings of monumental importance such as the Minar-e-Pakistan in importance such as the Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore or the mausoleum established with Lahore or the mausoleum established with white marble known as Mazar-e-Quaid for the white marble known as Mazar-e-Quaid for the founder of the state expressed the self-founder of the state expressed the self-confidence of the nascent state. confidence of the nascent state.

The National Monument in Islamabad is one The National Monument in Islamabad is one the latest examples of integrating culture, the latest examples of integrating culture, independence and modern architecture. independence and modern architecture.

Page 13: Pakistani architecture

Faisal MosqueFaisal Mosque

Page 14: Pakistani architecture

Minar-e-PakistanMinar-e-Pakistan

Page 15: Pakistani architecture

Mazar-e-QuaidMazar-e-Quaid

Page 16: Pakistani architecture

Habib Bank Plaza, Habib Bank Plaza, KarachiKarachi