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Ozone Secondary Disinfection System Public Swimming Venues 2010
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Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

May 20, 2015

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DEL Ozone

DEL Ozone secondary disinfection systems for commercial pools meet Model Aquatics Health Care (MAHC) guidelines. The MAHC is an emerging comprehensive set of best practices for public pool and aquatics operators.
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Page 1: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone

Secondary Disinfection SystemPublic Swimming Venues

2010

Page 2: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Public Health Responsibility

• Swimming is the second most popular sport in the United States; encompassing all age groups

• It is estimated that there are about 360,000 public pools in the U.S.

• Considering that most public swimming venues are essentially communal baths, there is an enormous task to protect public health from communicable diseases and other health hazards

• There are existing technologies currently available to help provide a safe and healthy aquatic experience to all swimmers that cannot be ignored

Page 3: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Cryptosporidium parvum Outbreaks

(136 outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis worldwide from 1988 to 2004 (68 in U.S.) with 92% in disinfected venues - Centers for Disease Control in

Atlanta)

Page 4: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Water Quality Issues and Cryptosporidium parvum Outbreaks

• CDC swimming pool surveillance reports show that of the 21,500 inspections conducted between May and September of 2002, water chemistry violations were found at 38.7% of these facilities, 14.3% of the violations were for inadequate disinfection levels at therapy pools (CDC. Surveillance Data from Swimming Pool Inspections --- Selected States and Counties, United States, May – September 2002. 2003. MMWR 52(22); 513-516.)

• In one of the largest outbreaks reported, approximately 2,300 persons developed cryptosporidiosis following exposure to a New York spray park (Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water Use and Other Aquatic Facility -- Associated Health Events --- United States, 2005—2006 MMWR Surveill Summ. September 12, 2008 / 57(SS-9);1-38.

Page 5: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Recreational Water Illness• Chlorine has been the standard water treatment

chemical for public pools since 1961 (U.S. Public Health Service)

• Chlorine is effective in reaching certain water quality standards, however scientists are learning more about its limitations and hazards in public swimming venues

• Recreational Water Illness (RWI) has become wide spread in the US in public pool venues and is increasing annually; posing a significant public health and liability risk

• RWI is a term coined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to describe illnesses caused by microorganisms as well as those from chloramines– Some microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Giardia and Cryptosporidium parvum (Crypto), can cause serious illness in swimmers

– Chloramines can cause breathing disorder illnesses such as “Swimmers Asthma”

Page 6: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC)• Currently there is no uniform national standard for

water quality or RWI response • To address this, the CDC has developed a Model

Aquatic Health Code (MAHC)• State and Federal public health officials along with

industry professionals from across the US, have participated for two years in the creation of the MAHC which includes the best available standards and practices for protecting public health

• The MAHC is formatted to be easily adopted by state and local health departments

• The CDC states it is “intended to transform the typical health department program into a data-driven, knowledge-based, risk reduction effort to prevent disease and injuries and promote healthy recreational water experiences”

Page 7: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Secondary Disinfection Systems SDSs

• When the MAHC is published later this year, it will include a section on the importance of Secondary Disinfections Systems (SDSs) to significantly reduce RWIs (caused by microorganisms and chloramines)

• According to the MAHC– All Secondary Disinfection Systems (SDSs) must be

certified by an ANSI-Accredited third-party testing and certification organization to verify that they provide the minimum inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in the full flow

– All Secondary Disinfection Systems (SDSs) must provide a minimum of 3 log (99.9%) inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in the full flow, prior to return of the water to the pool or aquatic feature at the minimum turnover rate

• Approved SDSs are Ozone systems and UV systems

Page 8: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

MAHC Swimming Venue Code

• “Due to the risk of outbreaks of Recreational Water Illnesses (RWI’s) associated with sanitizer-resistant pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia it is strongly recommended that all aquatic facilities include Secondary Disinfection Systems (SDSs) to minimize the risk to the public associated with these outbreaks.”

• “However, there are specific types of facilities that pose a greater risk to bathers, and therefore, Secondary Disinfection Systems are required for: therapy pools, wading pools, swim school pools, and aquatic play facilities/features.”

Page 9: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Definitions of Ozone and UV• Ozone is a gas that is dissolved in water to kill

microorganisms, destroy organics, and break down chloramines by oxidation. This occurs immediately at the ozone gas injection point, and continues as the side-stream remixes with the main return. A small residual (~0.1 PPM) of dissolved ozone will enter the pool, providing further oxidation of contaminants.

• UV light inactivates microorganisms and breaks down chloramines with light energy. This happens while the water is in the UV chamber only, and as long as the water has no turbidity. No further process occurs once the flow leaves the chamber. UV provides no oxidation except as trace amounts as a result of the formation of a limited number of hydroxyl free radicals in or near the UV chamber.

Page 10: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Properties of Ozone

• Ozone (O3) is a gas derived from oxygen which can be readily dissolved in water

• Ozone has a fresh scent at low concentrations and smells pungent at higher concentrations

• Gaseous Ozone dissolved in water is referred to as Aqueous Ozone (which has no odor)

• Ozone is a powerful antimicrobial oxidizer and sanitizer

• Aqueous Ozone is an effective micro-flocculant

• Aqueous Ozone is an effective anti-foaming agent

• Aqueous Ozone is an effective antimicrobial agent

• 1 PPM Aqueous Ozone, on average, is equal to 200 PPM Cl (Air Liquide Corp. James T.C. Yuan, PhD, 2000)

• Ozone is compatible with Chlorine in Swimming Pools

Page 11: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Benefits of Ozone• Ozone controls the chloramine levels in the water to 0.2 PPM

or less• Ozone can eliminate “shock-oxidizing” for chloramine

reduction• Ozone offers significantly more oxidation than free available

chlorine (FAC) alone (1/200 ratio)• Ozone provides a minimum 3 log (99.9 percent) kill of

Cryptosporidium parvum and other RWI pathogens in a side-stream applied single-pass

• Ozone will destroy emerging pharmaceutical pollutants such as endocrine disruptors

• Ozone provides micro-flocculation to aid filtration and noticeably improve water clarity (eliminates foam from spas)

• Ozone destroys biofilm • Chlorine consumption is reduced by 50-75% while still

maintaining an FAC residual; at the lowest applied O3 dose of 1.6 PPM

Page 12: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Can Ozone Stand Alone?

• Ozone’s role is actually as the primary sanitizer, but maintaining an ozone residual in the pool that is high enough to ensure continuous in-pool protection from bather-to-bather cross-contamination can be expensive; and present the risk of ozone off-gas

• With current technology it’s impractical to expect ozone to perform as a stand-alone sanitizer in a public swimming venue without a residual halogen in the pool (0.3-1.0 PPM)

• A low residual of chlorine, in conjunction with an appropriately sized and maintained ozone system, will be virtually undetectable even by the most sensitive bathers, and keep operating costs very low

Page 13: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

How is Ozone Measured?

• Dissolved ozone is measured by an Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) monitor/controller in a swimming pool

• The ORP reading can range between 600 mV to 900 mV at the point of introduction into the main return line before entering the pool

• An ORP of 800 mV is ~ 0.2 PPM dissolved ozone which equates to ~40 PPM Cl in terms of oxidation and efficacy

Page 14: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Breakdown of Pool Types

Based on bather load and water temperature, four categories have been identified

1. Recreation/Lap Pool (78-85°F)

2. Therapy/Swim School Pool (86-94°F)

3. Wading Pool/Spray Pad (80-88 °F)

4. Spa (94-104°F)

Page 15: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Sizing Parameters

• In each of the 4 categories, 1.6 PPM Ozone (D) is applied to the total volume of the pool based on time, using an additional conversion constant of 0.227

• The time value changes with each category

1. Recreation/Lap Pool 1.6PPM/24 hr (1440 min)

2. Therapy/Swim School Pool 1.6PPM/12 hr (720 min)

3. Wading Pool/Spray Pad 1.6PPM/4 hr (240 min)

4. Spa 1.6PPM/2 hr (120 min)

Page 16: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Retention Parameters

• Ozone efficacy is measured by the combination of applied Ozone Dose and Retention Time in the side stream (CT Value [Concentration X Time])

1. Recreation/Lap Pool 4 minutes

2. Therapy/Swim School Pool 2 minutes

3. Wading Pool/Spray Pad 40 seconds

4. Spa 20 seconds

Page 17: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Sample Pool Ozone Sizing • Sample Pool

– 100,000 Gallon Recreation/Lap Pool (6 hour turnover)

– Volume/Minutes = Flow (F)

– Generator Sizing Formula: F * D * 0.227 = Grams per hour Ozone Required

– Retention Tank Sizing Formula: F * T (minutes) = Size of Retention in Gallons

• 100,000 * 1.6 X 0.227/1440 = 25 grams/hour

• 69 * 4 = 278 gallons

Page 18: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Non-Compliant Ozone Systems are NOT Identified as SDSs• Only ozone systems that are certified by an

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-Accredited third-party testing and certification organization to verify that they provide a 3 log (99.9%) inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in the side-stream applied full flow are qualified to be an SDS– This is in addition to the current ANSI/NSF

Standard 50• All ozone systems must be sized in accordance

with the MAHC• The MAHC does not allow undersized ozone

systems; they are not in compliance

Page 19: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Regulatory1976 EPA Approves Ozone as an Antimicrobial Oxidizer

1982 IBWA Bottled Water Approve Ozone as an Antimicrobial for Product and Disinfectant for Filler Lines

1999 EPA Lists Ozone as Safe for Surface and Ground Water

2001 FDA/USDA Approve Ozone as an Antimicrobial Food Additive

2001 FDA/USDA Approve Ozone as a Food Contact Surface Disinfectant

2001 USDA National Organic Program Allows Ozone as an Antimicrobial Food Additive and Food Surface Disinfectant

2010 Ozone is added to the FDA Model Food Code as an approved antimicrobial surface sanitizer

2010 Ozone is recommended as a Secondary Disinfection System in the Model Aquatic Health Code

Page 20: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Safety• EPA approved

– As a pesticide, ozone equipment must be registered by the EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). DEL Ozone is an EPA registered establishment (EPA Estab. No. 071472-CA-001).

• OSHA Regulations for Ozone (Gaseous Only)– Health Hazard Data

• Inhalation /Respiratory System, Eyes, Blood– PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit)

• 8 hour Time Weighted Average 0.1 PPM Vol.– STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)

• 15 Minute 0.3 PPM Vol.– IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)

• 5 PPM• No OSHA Regulations apply to Aqueous Ozone; it is not

harmful to humans

Page 21: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

OZONE SAFETY• Vacuum Generated Ozone Ensures User Safety

– No ozone gas can escape in the event of loss of vacuum

– Systems provide complete isolation in the event of any shutdown

• Vacuum Operation Optimizes Mass-transfer Efficiency– Venturi Injectors operate under negative pressure; a

vacuum ozone system provides ease of injector adjustment and operation

– Mass-transfer is optimized and consistent – Optimized mass-transfer results in more dissolved

ozone– Undissolved ozone is degassed and destroyed

Page 22: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

A Sanitizer is one of the three groups of antimicrobial agents registered by the USEPA for public health uses.

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms, the process of which is known as disinfection.

Sanitizers are substances that reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level. The main difference between a sanitizer and a disinfectant is that at a specified use dilution, the disinfectant must have a higher kill capability for pathogenic bacteria compared to that of a sanitizer.

Definition of Sanitizers & Disinfectants

Page 23: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone is an EPA Approved Antimicrobial, Disinfectant and Sanitizer by all Definitions

Ozone Performs these Functions as an Oxidizer

In Use for a Century Worldwide as a Water Disinfectant

Page 24: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Biocidal Behavior

1. Ozone oxidizes cell membranes, causing osmotic bursting2. Ozone continues to oxidize enzymes and DNA

Before ozone treatment After ozone treatment

E. coli dried as a biofilm on a porous surface

Page 25: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Public Bath TubsOzone Anti-Microbial Validation under NSF Protocol P308

Pass compliance requires a 3-log (99.9%) reduction of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans in 30 minutes

Actual Microbial Reductions in 30 Minutes

E. coli 4.7 log (>99.99%)Staphylococcus aureus 4.7 log (>99.99%)Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.2 log (>99.9%)Trichophyton mentagrophytes 4.0 log (99.99%)Candida albicans 4.7 log (>99.99%)

Test Parameters• Water temperature @ 93° F• 20 PPM oil insult• 1.1 PPM side-stream applied ozone dose• Microorganism destruction was measured in the tub

Page 26: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Public Swimming VenuesOzone Anti-Microbial Validation under ANSI/NSF Standard 50,

Annex H

Pass compliance requires a 3-log (99.9%) reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium in 30 minutes

Actual Microbial Reductions in 6 Minutes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6.6 log (>99.9999%) Enterococcus faecium 6.7 log (>99.9999%)

Test Parameters• Water temperature @70° F• 20 PPM oil insult• 9 PPM Urea insult • 1.6 PPM side-stream applied ozone dose• Microorganism destruction was measured in the pool

Page 27: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Public Swimming Venues

Pass compliance requires a 3 Log (99.9%) reduction of Cryptosporidium parvum

Actual Microbial Reductions in 30 Seconds

Cryptosporidium parvum 3.0 log (>99.9%)

Test Parameters• Water temperature @76° F• 1.6 PPM side-stream applied ozone dose• Crypto measurements were taken on a single pass

[measured after side-stream is diluted in full flow]

Ozone Antimicrobial Validation for Cryptosporidium parvum Reduction tested by NSF International

Page 28: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Representation of Crypto Destruction

Page 29: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

CT Values for Cryptosporidium parvum Inactivation

CT ValueConcentration times Time(PPM * Minutes Exposure = CT Value)

Chlorine CT is 15,300 [20 PPM for 13 hours (780 minutes)]

Aqueous OzoneCT is 0.72 (1.257 PPM for 34 seconds)

Page 30: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

• Oxygen molecules (O2) split by adding energy, resulting in two individual oxygen atoms (O1)

• Oxygen atoms (O1) unite with other oxygen molecules (O2) to produce Ozone (O3)

• (O1) + (O2) = (O3)

ELECTRICAL ENERGY ADDED

How Ozone is Made

Page 31: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

How Ozone Works

• The third oxygen atom is held by a weak single bond

• An oxidation reaction occurs upon any collision between an ozone molecule and a molecule of an Oxidizable substance

• The weak bond splits off leaving oxygen as a by-product

• During an oxidation reaction, organic molecules are changed or destroyed and dissolved metals are no longer soluble

Weak Bond

Oxygen (O2)

Oxidizable Substances

BacteriaViruses

FungiAlgae

Suntan OilsBody Oils

Page 32: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Basic Ozone System

Page 33: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Very Small Ozone System

Page 34: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Small Ozone System

Page 35: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Large Ozone System

Page 36: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Generation System Components

Page 37: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Gas Dissolution

Page 38: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Reaction in Water

Page 39: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Degas Undissolved Ozone

Page 40: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Destroy Undissolved Ozone

Page 41: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Flange to Flange Ozone Skid

Page 42: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Systems Made Simple

• Complex ozone systems of the past have been replaced by modern, compact, affordable systems

• Skid-mounted, plug and play ozone systems are the norm for 200,000 gallon pools and smaller

• Flange to flange hook-up to the main return line decreases cost and complexity of the installation

• The system’s 4’X3’ footprint is compact to easily fit into the equipment room

Page 43: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Costs and Savings with Ozone Assumptions• 100,000 gallon indoor pool• $250/ 10 PPM shock/100K Gal (chlorine @ $2.50/gal)• Shock (without ozone) estimate 52 per year = $13,000• Annual chlorine use estimate is based on chlorine cost @ $2.50/gal

Bather load assumptions• 100 bathers/day = 1,825 gals @ $2.50 = ~$4,563• 200 bathers/day = 3,650 gals @ $2.50 = ~$9,125• 300 bathers/day = 5,475 gals @ $2.50 = ~$13,687• 400 bathers/day = 7,300 gals @ $2.50 = ~$18,250• Chlorine reduction with ozone is average 50%

Ozone System Cost Estimates• End-user purchase price $30,000.00• Annual power consumption at 0.12 per kWh $2,375.00• Annual Maintenance parts $300.00

Savings Estimates• Eliminate shock treatments and labor costs $13,000 plus labor cost savings• Chlorine Reduction at 50% avg. 100 bathers/day $2,281

400 bathers/day $9,125 savings

Return on Investment (ROI) approximately 1.5 - 2 years

Page 44: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone Compatibility with Cl and Br

• Ozone’s reaction with chlorine is minimal

• Ozone will break down chloramines

• Ozone provides the main oxidation and disinfection in the pool while the chlorine provides a chemical residual

• Ideal Chlorine residual is 0.3 – 1.0 PPM

• It is not recommended that ozone be used in conjunction with bromine. When used with bromine, ozone oxidizes “spent” bromine (bromide) back to useful bromine. This depletes the ozone before it can oxidize the organic contaminants in the water, and significantly reduces ozone’s efficacy.

Page 45: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone compared to UV SterilizersBoth Ozone and UV provide very effective Crypto reduction as documented by

NSF Standard 50, Annex H

Ozone Destruction of Chloramines• Ozone breaks down Chloramines by oxidation in two ways

– By breaking down the N-Cl bonds of the Chloramine molecules through oxidation by ozone (this process occurs at the point of ozone injection and continues the oxidation process as it passes at low levels into the pool)

– Ozone also forms hydroxyl free radicals, adding to the Chloramine oxidation process

• Ozone reduction of Chloramines is also a function of its powerful oxidation of chloramine-producing organic contaminants; eliminating their initial production

UV Destruction of Chloramines• UV can break down Chloramines in two ways

– By breaking the N-Cl bonds of the Chloramine molecules with UV light energy (this process occurs in the UV chamber only)

– By forming small numbers of hydroxyl radicals with UV light energy, which oxidize Chloramines (this process occurs within nanoseconds, effectively occurring only in, or very near the UV chamber)

• UV produces very little oxidation to affect organics in the water

Page 46: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone and UV comparisonOZONE UV

Ozone kills cryptosporidium parvum UV inactivates cryptosporidium parvum

Ozone kills microorganisms UV inactivates microorganisms

Ozone is a powerful oxidizer UV is not an oxidizer

Ozone passes into the pool at low levels to provide additional oxidation

UV affects the water only as it passes through the UV chamber

Ozone functions well in cloudy water, and is a micro-flocculent, which aids water clarification

Only clear water can be effectively dosed with UV; cloudiness in the water can absorb the UV light

Ozone oxidizes the organics and inorganics that create chloramines, eliminating their production

UV breaks down chloramines that have been previously created

Ozone utilizes ORP (REDOX) to measure the cleanliness of the water

UV systems utilize a UV intensity meter which measures the UV dose regardless of water quality

Ozone’s reaction with free available chlorine (FAC) is very slow and in a pool will not affect the FAC

levels; only chloramine destruction

UV can break down free available chlorine in the water while it breaks down chloramines

Ozone cells require no replacement; require annual periodic cleaning; no hazardous components

Mercury vapor lamps are replaced @ 3-12 mos.; disposal procedures must be considered as lamp gases

are considered hazardous waste

Ozone destroys biofilm UV does not affect biofilm

Ozone destroys Humic and Fulvic Acid UV does not affect Humic and Fulvic Acid

Page 47: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Ozone and UV Together • Ozone and UV may be used together to create a

synergistic approach to water sanitation• This process has been in use for drinking water,

food processing, and waste water for many years• It is one of several advanced oxidation processes

(AOPs) that are in commercial use today in selected industrial processing

• The technology has rarely been used in public pools to date, but with the advent of improved technology and cost reduction, perhaps it will be the wave of the future for RWIs and chloramine elimination

Page 48: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Mobile Ozone Surface Sanitation• Antimicrobial ozone-enriched cold water

can be sprayed directly on: – Shower stalls– Toilet stalls – Locker rooms– Pool decks– Play features – Any wettable surface

• Ozone-Compatible Materials:– Metals: 304/316 SS– Plastics: ECTFE, PTFE, PVC, PVDF– Gaskets: FPM (Viton), EPDM– Pump seals: FPM (Viton)– All painted surfaces, concrete, wood

Page 49: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Mobile Ozone Surface Sanitation

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• NSF studies of Ozone systems include EPA-required:– Antimicrobial efficacy data (Disinfectant

Technical Science Section DIS/TSS - AOAC methods)

– Toxicologic profiles– Environmental impact information– Specific label information/technical literature

that details recommended use of applications and directions

EPA Requirements

Page 51: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

• Ozone systems are tested by NSF Toxicology Group for antimicrobial efficacy and human safety

• Antimicrobial Efficacy– NSF conducted studies according to EPA

established AOAC Official Methodology 961.02 & 960.09, Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants and Germicidal & Detergent Sanitizing Action test procedures

• Safety– NSF performed safety testing based on Hazard

Communications Standard as promulgated through Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 and documented in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 29

The Balance of Efficacy & Safety

Page 52: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Third-Party Validation Results• Efficacy

– Bacteria• Escherichia coli 5 log reduction (99.999%)• Listeria monocytogenes 4 log reduction (99.99%)• Salmonella choleraesuis 6 log reduction

(99.9999%)• Staphylococcus aureus 6 log reduction

(99.9999%)• Campylobacter jejuni 4 log reduction (99.99%)

– Fungi• Aspergillus flavus 4 log reduction (99.99%)• Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 log reduction (99.9999)• Brettanomyces bruxellensis 4 log reduction (99.99%)• Trichophyton mentagrophytes 6 log reduction

(99.9999%)

• Safety– NSF performed safety testing based on Hazard Communications

Standard as promulgated through Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 and documented in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 29.

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Well Known DEL Ozone CustomersResorts, Zoos, Aquariums

• Walt Disney World - FL• San Diego Zoo - CA• Atlantis Paradise Island – Bahamas• Vancouver Aquarium - BC• Beijing Aquarium, China• Toledo Zoo – Toledo, OH• Brookfield Zoo – Chicago, IL• Seattle Aquarium – Seattle, WA• Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, NV• Buffalo Zoo – Buffalo, NY• Silverton Casino – Las Vegas, NV• Metro Miami Zoo – Miami, FL• Houston Zoo – Houston, TX• Audubon Zoo – New Orleans, LA• Calgary Zoo – Calgary, AL• Santa Barbara Zoo – Santa Barbara, CA

Pools

• Atlantis Paradise Island, Waterpark -Bahamas

• Canada Games Pool – Kamloops, BC• Georgetown University – Wash, DC• McDonogh School – Owings Mills, MD• Medicine Hat Aquatic Centre – Alberta• 92nd Street JCC – New York, NY• Ojai Athletic Club – Ojai, CA• Peninsula YMCA – San Mateo, CA• Presidio YMCA – San Francisco, CA• Santa Monica YMCA - Santa Monica, CA• Silverton Casino – Las Vegas, NV• The Palms – Las Vegas, NV• Universal Studios, Islands of Adventure –

Orlando, FL• Westminster Aquatic Center - Denver, CO• Mason High School – Mason, OH• The Broadmoor Hotel – Colorado Springs, CO

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KEY LIME COVE INDOOR WATERPARK, Gurnee, KEY LIME COVE INDOOR WATERPARK, Gurnee,

ILIL

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Atlantis Resort, Paradise Island, Bahamas

Outdoor Lagoon Pool

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Conclusion

• Advances in Ozone Technology have provided the means for affordable and effective ozone systems for commercial pool applications

• Commercial pools will benefit from safer, cleaner and more manageable water, free of chloramines and noticeably clearer

• Pool water sanitized with Ozone provides a very pleasant swimming experience

Page 57: Ozone for MAHC Secondary Disinfection

Beth HamilVice PresidentCorporate ComplianceDEL Ozone 800 676 1335805 441 [email protected]

Ozone liaison for: Water Quality Technical Committee of the MAHC APSP Recreational Water Quality Committee FDA Food Code State Health Department Consultant for ozone

applications