Overview of Instructional Design Models

Overview of Instructional Design Models

Course Title: Designing and Delivering Successful Training Programs

Module 2:Adult Learners and ID Models

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What is Instructional Design?

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• In 1962, Robert Glaser synthesized the work of previous researchers and introduced the concept of “instructional design”.

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What is Instructional Design?

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•The systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction.

•The entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs.

• Includes development of instructional materials and activities, and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.

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Instructional Design as a Process

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•Branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process of developing and implementing those strategies.

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Instructional Design as a Discipline

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• Instructional Design models or theories may be defined as frameworks for developing modules or lessons that:

1. Increase and/or enhance the possibility of learning.

2. Encourage the engagement of learners so that they learn faster and gain deeper levels of understanding.

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Instructional Design Models

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I. ADDIE Model

• The generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and training developers to design effective instruction.

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I. ADDIE Model

Phase 1: Analysis

•Analyze the learning environment and learners’ existing knowledge and skills

• Identify and define the learning problem/gap• Identify desirable outcomes• Identify any learning constraints•Set the timeline for the project

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I. ADDIE Model

Phase 2: Design

•Establish the learning objectives•Create content outlines and storyboards•Determine content and assessment instruments•Apply instructional strategies•Select technology/media to be used

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I. ADDIE Model

Phase 3: Development

• The actual creation (production) of the content and learning materials based on the Design phase.

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I. ADDIE Model

Phase 4: Implementation

• Implement course curriculum

•Assess learning outcomes

•Choose various methods of delivery and testing/assessment procedures

•Evaluate the effectiveness of the training materials

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I. ADDIE Model

Phase 5: Evaluation

• Formative and Summative Evaluation

• Formative Evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process

• Summative Evaluation consists of tests designed for domain specific criterion-related referenced items and providing opportunities for feedback from the users

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I. ADDIE Model

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Stage 1: Identify Instructional Goals

Stage 2: Conduct Instructional Analysis

Stage 3: Identify Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics

Stage 4: Write Performance Objectives

Stage 5: Develop Criterion-Referenced Test Items

Stage 6: Develop Instructional Strategy

Stage 7: Develop and Select Instructional Materials

Stage 8: Develop and Conduct Formative Evaluation

Stage 9: Develop and Conduct Summative Evaluation

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II. Dick and Carey Model

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II. Dick and Carey Model

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• Involves learners and/or subject matter experts (SMEs) interacting with prototypes and instructional designers in a continuous review/revision cycle.

• Developing a prototype is practically the first step, while front-end analysis is generally reduced or converted into an on-going, interactive process between subject-matter, objectives, and materials.

• The process of quickly generating mock-ups of products, such as a website.

• The process of quickly turning product designs into physical samples.

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III. Rapid Prototyping (Tripp & Bichelmeyer)

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•Most effective learning environments are those that are problem-based and involve the learner in four distinct phases of the learning process:

1. Activation of prior experience2. Demonstration of skills3. Application of skills4. Integration of these skills into real-world

activities

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IV. First Principles of Instruction (David Merrill)

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IV. First Principles of Instruction (David Merrill)

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Do you know of other ID Models or Theories?

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