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OVERVIEW OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
50

Overview of biotechnology wk1

Aug 23, 2014

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Page 1: Overview of biotechnology wk1

OVERVIEW OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

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Without biotechnology,

these food items would not exist!

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Early humans were hunter-gatherers.

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Then they learned to cultivate crops and domesticate animals.

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Domestication began 11,000-12,000 years ago in the Middle East.

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Domestication of plants and animals played a key part in the development of early biotechnology practices.

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Selective breeding – the breeding of organisms to produce certain desired traits in their offspring.

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Abundant food =Food rotted, while

others changed shape

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The Chinese discover fermentation through beer making. (7,000 BCE)

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Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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Cheese and Bread

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Abundant food Food spoilage,

Population growth Diseases!

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Moldy soybean curds used as an antibiotic. (500 BCE)

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Robert Hooke recorded the first description of living cells. (1665)

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa. (1675)

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Edward Jenner vaccinates a child from smallpox. (1798)

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Ancient Biotechnologyprehistory – 1800s

•Domestication•Selective Breeding•Fermentation•Antibiotics & Vaccines

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Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance. (1863)

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Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens. (1881)

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Károly Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word biotechnology.

(1919)

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Alexander Fleming notices that a

certain mold could stop the

duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin. (1928)

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James Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA. (1953)

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The discovery of the DNA structure ushered in a new era of biotechnology.

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Classical Biotechnology1800s – 1950s

•Mass food production• Genetics• Enhanced antibiotics and

vaccines• Structure of the DNA molecule

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Recombinant DNA Technology

-use of biotechnology to produce new life forms by moving genetic material

from one organism into

another.

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Genentech developed Humulin (human insulin) to treat diabetes. It was the first biotech drug to be FDA approved. (1982)

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Genetically modified foods approved by the US-FDA. (GM

Foods)

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A team led by Ian Wilmut successfully cloned a sheep. She was named Dolly.

(1997)

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Zeedonk

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Liger

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Tangelo

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Loganberry

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The Human Genome Project is completed. (2003)

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Stem cells, bionics,

transgenic organisms

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Modern Biotechnology1950s - present

•Genetic modification•Cloning•Enhanced drugs•New life forms

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Biotechnology is multidisciplinary

• cell and molecular biology• microbiology• genetics• physiology• chemistry and biochemistry• engineering• computer science• nanotechnology

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Biotechnology

• The manipulation of biological organisms to make products that benefit human beings.

• Biotechnology contributes to such diverse areas as food production, waste disposal, mining, and medicine.

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Types• Blue• Green• Red•White

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Safety, Balance of Nature, Resistance, Ethical Questions

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Assignment

Bring the following:• Old magazines and newspapers• Scissors• Coloring materials• Paste or glue• White/Cream/Yellow cartolina

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