Oryza Sativa

Biodiversity

Flora and Fauna

in rice fields ecosystems

By :Angelia Suvita Wama Wasita

X-5 / 02SMAN 4 Denpasar

Rice fields• Rice fields are agricultural lands that are physically

flat surface areas, bounded by dikes, and can be planted with rice, crops or other crops.

• Most of the rice field used for rice cultivation. For this purpose, the rice field must be able to support because paddy needs standing water flooding at a particular period in its growth. Used to irrigate rice field irrigation system of springs, rivers or rain water. The latter is known as the rice fields rainfed rice field, while the other is irrigated. Rice grown in paddy rice field known as wetlands (Lowland rice).

• In the land that had a high slope, terraced rice field, or better known printed terracing or swales to prevent erosion and hold water. There are many terraced rice fields on the slopes of a hill or mountain in Java and Bali.

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Rice Fields Ecosystems

FLORA FAUNA

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In rice fields ecosystems

Flora :- Oryza sativa (paddy)- Imperata cylindrica (imperata)- Zea mays (maize)- Arachis hypogaea (peanut)- Manihot esculenta (cassava/sweet

potatoes)- Marsilea drummondii (clover)

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In rice fields ecosystems

Fauna:• Achatina fulica (snail)• Fejervarya cancrivora (rice fields

frog)• Python reticulatus (rice fields snake)• Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket)• Dissosteira carolina (grasshopper)• Rattus argentiventer (field mouse)• Monopterus albus (eel rice field)

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The more dominant floraIn rice fields ecosystems

Scientific classificationKingdom: PlantaeDivision: AngiospermsClass: MonocotsOrder: PoalesFamily: PoaceaeGenus: OryzaSpecies: O. sativa

Binomial name :Oryza sativa

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Oryza sativa

Natural:paddy originally had a taproot and then fibrous root growth. and stems has several sections. The leaves are called parallel leaf. Rice flower is a bare flower has a meaning flower jewelry. Fruit rice the daily we call rice seeds or items / grain, but the fruit is not really a grain paddy that is covered by the lemma and palea. This fruit happens after pollination and fertilization. Lemma and palea as well as other parts that make up the chaff or grain leather. Based on body size, the plant is called a shrub. Based benefits, called the plant Plants clothing category.

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Oryza sativaArtificial :Reproduction :Every rice flower has six anthers and stigma forked shaped bottle brush. Both the sexual organs of reproduction is generally ready at the same time. Anthers are sometimes out of the palea and lemma if it has been cooked.In terms of reproduction, rice is self-pollinating crop areas, because 95% or more pollen to fertilize the egg of the same plant.After fertilization occurs, the zygote and the fertilized polar nuclei divide quickly. Form a zygote develops into an embryo and polar nuclei endospermia. At the end of development, most grains contain starch in the endospermia. For young plants, starch serves as a food reserve. For humans, the starch used as a source of nutrition.

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Oryza sativa

Phylogeny :Oryza sativa similar with some family :-Triticum spp. (wheat)-Imperata cylindrica (imperata)

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The more dominant faunaIn rice fields ecosystems

Scientific classificationkingdom: AnimaliaDivision: ChordataClass: AmphibiaOrder: AnuraFamily: RanidaeGenus: FejervaryaSpecies: F. cancrivora

Binomial name :Fejervarya cancrivora

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Fejervarya cancrivoraNatural :Frog smallish to rather large, stocky, with strong legs and big muscular thighs. Adult males about 60 mm and the adult female about 70-80 mm. Backs mud colored brown, with dark patches are not symmetrical. Sometimes there is a bright green moss on large specimens. Side of the body and groin with dark patches. Hands and feet often streaky-streaked. Black striped lip.

There are folds of skin into thin strips on the back, similar to the path nodule or rice. Foot with a membrane pool full up to the fingertips, toes except the fourth. Nodule single metatarsal, on the side of the (first finger base) legs, elongated shape.

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Fejervarya cancrivoraArtificial :Reproduction :At the time of reproducing adult frogs will find a watery environment. There they lay their eggs to be fertilized externally. The eggs develop into larvae and are looking for the nutrients it needs from the environment, then develop into adults with a body shape that enables it to live on land, a process known as metamorphosis. Unlike reptile and bird eggs, frog eggs have no shells and embryonic membranes. Instead frog eggs only protected by a highly permeable mucoid capsule that frog eggs have evolved in a very humid or watery. Once the frog spawn can produce 5000-20000 eggs, depending on the quality of the parent and take as many as three times a year.The eggs hatch into a frog and toad tadpoles or tadpoles, which resemble fish fat bodied, breathing with gills and for some time lived in the water. Will slowly grow back foot, which is then followed by the growth of the front legs, tail and turn of the disappearance of the gills with lungs. After a time, these tadpoles will jump to the ground as a small frog or toad.Toads and frogs mating at certain times, such as when the moon is off or on when approaching rain. At that time the male frogs will beep-sound to call females, from the waters edge or center. Loud noise produced by the frog sound sacs located around the neck, which will be used when a large swell.- frog eggs- Two-tailed tadpoles- Moor frog adult NEXT

Fejervarya cancrivora

Phylogeny : Fejervarya cancrivora similar with some family :- Mabuya multifasciata (lizard)

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