Origins of us govt part 3 & 4

Part 3: Trouble StartsPart 3: Trouble Starts Your goal: Be able to Your goal: Be able to

describe how and why describe how and why the United States the United States became a nation.became a nation.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

In 1754, England was at war In 1754, England was at war with France in Europe and with France in Europe and around the world (The Seven around the world (The Seven Years War).Years War).

England had to keep the England had to keep the French from taking away her French from taking away her American colonies.American colonies.

Protect the colonies.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

England and the Colonies vs. French and the IndiansEngland and the Colonies vs. French and the Indians

War costs money.

England Wins!

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

Who won the French and Indian War?Who won the French and Indian War? A) FranceA) France B) IndiaB) India C) Native AmericansC) Native Americans D) EnglandD) England

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War (1754 – 1763) gave (1754 – 1763) gave

the British control of the British control of the eastern part of the eastern part of North America.North America.

The colonies no longer The colonies no longer needed protection needed protection from the French.from the French.

The war left the British The war left the British government in debt.government in debt.

The colonies were The colonies were expected to help expected to help repay.repay.

Stamp ActStamp Act

Taxes on the colonists Taxes on the colonists to help repay this debt.to help repay this debt.

The first was the The first was the Stamp Stamp ActAct – it required a tax – it required a tax on legal documents, on legal documents, pamphlets, pamphlets, newspapers, dice, and newspapers, dice, and playing cards.playing cards.

It was the first direct It was the first direct tax on the colonists.tax on the colonists.

The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act Colonists protested Colonists protested

and boycotted British and boycotted British goods.goods.

What is a boycott?What is a boycott?

Parliament repealed Parliament repealed the Stamp Act but the Stamp Act but replaced it with other replaced it with other tax laws.tax laws.

The Intolerable ActsThe Intolerable Acts

Parliament passed Parliament passed punitive* laws punitive* laws called the called the Intolerable Acts by Intolerable Acts by colonists.colonists.

The colonies began The colonies began to unite in protest.to unite in protest.

* Punitive: a punishment

Colonial UnrestColonial Unrest 1765 Stamp Act (“Taxation Without 1765 Stamp Act (“Taxation Without

Representation”)Representation”)

* Help pay for French and Indian War* Help pay for French and Indian War

* Tax on printed items* Tax on printed items

* Stamp Act Congress met* Stamp Act Congress met

* Act repealed after Declaration of * Act repealed after Declaration of Rights and GrievancesRights and Grievances

1767 Townsend Act (Boston 1767 Townsend Act (Boston Massacre)Massacre)

* Tax on imports* Tax on imports

* Repealed after colonial uprising* Repealed after colonial uprising

Why did they protest?

Colonial UnrestColonial Unrest 1773 Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)1773 Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)

* Tax on Tea* Tax on Tea

* England was trying to show who was in * England was trying to show who was in charge.charge.

1774 Intolerable Acts (punishment)1774 Intolerable Acts (punishment)

* Reaction of England to the colonial * Reaction of England to the colonial uprisingsuprisings

* Taxes on almost everything* Taxes on almost everything

* Boston Harbor closed to punish for the * Boston Harbor closed to punish for the “Tea Party”“Tea Party”

* Forbade local meetings* Forbade local meetings

* Quartering Act* Quartering Act

Why did they protest?

Part 4: Confederation*Part 4: Confederation* Your goal: Be able to describe Your goal: Be able to describe

the strengths and weaknesses the strengths and weaknesses of the first attempts at uniting of the first attempts at uniting the colonies.the colonies.

*Confederation: Joining several groups for a common purpose

The Albany PlanThe Albany Plan June 1754: representatives met in New June 1754: representatives met in New

York.York.

Adopted the Albany plan of union Adopted the Albany plan of union drafted by Benjamin Franklin.drafted by Benjamin Franklin.

Each colony would elect delegates* to Each colony would elect delegates* to an American assembly with a royal an American assembly with a royal governor.governor.

They are still loyal to England! They are still loyal to England!

*Delegate: a representative

The Albany PlanThe Albany Plan Approved by representativesApproved by representatives

Rejected by coloniesRejected by colonies

Rejected by EnglandRejected by England

They are still separate colonies.They are still separate colonies.

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

The The Stamp Act Congress Stamp Act Congress met in 1765 to protest the met in 1765 to protest the actions of George III. actions of George III.

They sent a petition to the They sent a petition to the king protesting direct king protesting direct taxes on the colonies.taxes on the colonies.

Declaration of Rights and Declaration of Rights and GrievancesGrievances

This was the colonies’ first This was the colonies’ first big attempt to oppose the big attempt to oppose the British government.British government.

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

Parliament repealed Parliament repealed the act, but made new the act, but made new laws instead.laws instead.

Parliament wanted to Parliament wanted to prove they were still in prove they were still in charge.charge.

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

1774, First Continental 1774, First Continental Congress met in Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss Philadelphia to discuss how to deal with how to deal with Britain.Britain.

Meeting included Meeting included Samuel Adams and Samuel Adams and George WashingtonGeorge Washington

They decided they had They decided they had three options.three options.

George Washington

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

Three options:Three options:

Just accept the Just accept the King’s tighter rules King’s tighter rules and go onand go on

Try to work with the Try to work with the King and find middle King and find middle groundground

oror Declare Declare

Independence (not Independence (not ready yet)ready yet)

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

The decision:The decision: Declaration of Rights Declaration of Rights

and Grievances and Grievances (again)(again)

Embargo* Embargo* on Britain on Britain until British policies until British policies changechange

King George III King George III

declared the colonies declared the colonies in a state of rebellion.in a state of rebellion.

*Embargo: an agreement to prohibit trade

That’s treason!

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

April 19, 1775, “the April 19, 1775, “the shot heard ‘round shot heard ‘round the world” was fired the world” was fired beginning the beginning the American Revolution.American Revolution.

British soldiers British soldiers clashed with clashed with American American minutemen at minutemen at Lexington and Lexington and Concord.Concord.

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress 1775, The Second 1775, The Second

Continental Congress took Continental Congress took the powers of central the powers of central government.government.

This became the first This became the first

national government of the national government of the 13 colonies.13 colonies.

The colonies were no The colonies were no longer loyal to England.longer loyal to England.

John Hancock was made John Hancock was made President.President.

John Hancock

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress The Second Continental The Second Continental

Congress took action as a Congress took action as a sovereign* nation tosovereign* nation to

Organize an army and Organize an army and navynavy

Issue moneyIssue money Purchase suppliesPurchase supplies Negotiate treatiesNegotiate treaties

*Sovereign: able to make independent decisions

Lee ResolutionLee Resolution

July 2, 1776, Richard July 2, 1776, Richard Henry Lee issued the Henry Lee issued the Lee Resolution*Lee Resolution*

“ “that these united that these united

colonies are, and of colonies are, and of right ought to be, right ought to be, free and free and independent states.” independent states.”

Don’t take notes. Just listen.

*Resolution: a suggested solution to a problem

Richard Henry Lee

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

July 4, 1776, Congress July 4, 1776, Congress passes Thomas passes Thomas Jefferson’s Jefferson’s Declaration Declaration of Independence of Independence ..

The colonies declared The colonies declared independence from independence from England.England.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Parts of the document:Parts of the document:

Preamble (why)Preamble (why) Declaration of natural Declaration of natural

rights (political rights (political philosophy)philosophy)

Grievances against Grievances against George III (complaints)George III (complaints)

Resolution (what are we Resolution (what are we going to do about it)going to do about it)

Preamble to the Preamble to the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence When in the course of human events, it When in the course of human events, it

becomes necessary for one people to becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another; and to connected them with another; and to assume among the powers of the earth, the assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind require that they should declare mankind require that they should declare the causes which impel them to the the causes which impel them to the separation.separation.

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

Then we fought Then we fought for for independence.independence.

1775-17831775-1783

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation The The Articles of Articles of

Confederation Confederation were were written and approved written and approved by the Second by the Second Continental Congress Continental Congress in 1777.in 1777.

They were They were ratifiedratified* in * in 1781, by the 13 1781, by the 13 states.states.

*Ratified: approved

Original States

The Thirteen

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation The Articles were a plan of The Articles were a plan of

government to take over the government to take over the system of government set system of government set up by the Second up by the Second Continental Congress.Continental Congress.

““a firm league of friendship”a firm league of friendship” Each state kept sovereignty Each state kept sovereignty

and independence.and independence. States would come together States would come together

for “common defense” for “common defense” (money and troops)(money and troops)

States would treat citizens of States would treat citizens of other states fairly.other states fairly.

*Ratified: approved

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

What kind of mood What kind of mood do you think the do you think the colonies were in?colonies were in?

How did that mood How did that mood affect the way this affect the way this document was document was written?written?

The Articles were a plan of government to The Articles were a plan of government to take over the system of government set take over the system of government set up by the Second Continental Congress.up by the Second Continental Congress.

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Government structure under Government structure under

the Articles of Confederation:the Articles of Confederation:

Unicameral* Congress from Unicameral* Congress from which executive positions were which executive positions were chosenchosen

No federal court systemNo federal court system Congress decided on issues Congress decided on issues

between statesbetween states Each state had one vote no Each state had one vote no

matter its size or population.matter its size or population.

*Unicameral: one chamber, or one house

Weakness of the ArticlesWeakness of the Articles

Congress could not collect taxesCongress could not collect taxes Congress could not enforce lawsCongress could not enforce laws Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass Needed 9 of 13 votes to pass

lawslaws

Amending* the Articles required Amending* the Articles required consent of consent of allall the colonies the colonies

No national court systemNo national court system

Weak Sauce ArticlesWeak Sauce Articles

*Amend: to change

100%

Wimpy ArticlesWimpy Articles

The central The central government was government was intentionally intentionally weak.weak.

Why do you think they Why do you think they agreed to a weak agreed to a weak central government?central government?

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Government Could:Government Could:

Borrow or request money Borrow or request money from the statesfrom the states

Declare war and peaceDeclare war and peace Maintain an army and navyMaintain an army and navy Make treaties and alliances Make treaties and alliances

with other nationswith other nations Regulate affairs with Regulate affairs with

Native AmericansNative Americans Establish post officesEstablish post offices Decide certain disputes Decide certain disputes

among the statesamong the states

Government Could Not:Government Could Not:

Levy or Collect TaxesLevy or Collect Taxes Require states to provide Require states to provide

money for running the money for running the national governmentnational government

Regulate TradeRegulate Trade Force anyone to abide by the Force anyone to abide by the

lawlaw Amend the Articles without Amend the Articles without

the consent of all 13 statesthe consent of all 13 states Establish an executive branchEstablish an executive branch Establish a national courtEstablish a national court

Economic Crisis of the 1780sEconomic Crisis of the 1780s Revolution disrupted Revolution disrupted

the economy.the economy. Britain stopped buying Britain stopped buying

goods.goods. Revolution put the Revolution put the

States into debt.States into debt. People didn’t see People didn’t see

improvements they improvements they expected after the war.expected after the war.

People that loaned People that loaned money during the war money during the war were not being paid were not being paid back.back.

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion 1786, uprising led by Daniel Shays1786, uprising led by Daniel Shays Farmers protest against the Farmers protest against the

foreclosures* of farmsforeclosures* of farms

See See video 1andand See See video 2

*Foreclosure: taking back property that someone has stopped making payments on

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

What was the reason for Shays What was the reason for Shays Rebellion?Rebellion? A) Massachusetts wanted to be its own A) Massachusetts wanted to be its own

country.country. B) Daniel Shays wanted to take over the B) Daniel Shays wanted to take over the

national government.national government. C) Farmers had trouble growing enough C) Farmers had trouble growing enough

food.food. D) The country was in an economic D) The country was in an economic

depression after the Revolutionary War.depression after the Revolutionary War.

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

What did Shays’ Rebellion demonstrate What did Shays’ Rebellion demonstrate about the Articles of Confederation?about the Articles of Confederation? A) The government could handle almost A) The government could handle almost

anything.anything. B) There were lots of misspellings in it.B) There were lots of misspellings in it. C) The Articles were weak and ineffective.C) The Articles were weak and ineffective. D) The farmers in the countryside did not D) The farmers in the countryside did not

know about the Articles of Confederation.know about the Articles of Confederation.

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion Shays’ Rebellion was stoppedShays’ Rebellion was stopped

But now the States But now the States recognized the weakness of recognized the weakness of the Articles.the Articles.

There was no way for the There was no way for the government to deal with government to deal with economic problems for the economic problems for the country.country.

FAIL

Daniel Shays

Articles of Confederation Government FAIL