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Origins of Government
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Origins of Government

Feb 16, 2016

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Origins of Government. What is Government?. Objectives. To learn what a government is and what it consists of To understand the philosophies incorporated into our present form of government To review the documents that were precursors to our current constitution and amendments. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Origins of Government

Origins of Government

Page 2: Origins of Government

What is Government?

Page 3: Origins of Government

Objectives To learn what a government is and

what it consists of To understand the philosophies

incorporated into our present form of government

To review the documents that were precursors to our current constitution and amendments

Page 4: Origins of Government

What is Government? The institution through which society

makes and enforces its policies. Three powers

Legislative Executive Judicial

Varies in type and formation

Page 5: Origins of Government

Government and The State State

Definition Land with

People Defined Territory Organized

Politically Power to make

and enforce laws

Types of States Sovereign

Self –Governing Monopoly on

legitimate use of force

Hegemonious Subject to

outside control Federated

Have given partial sovereignty to a federal government

Page 6: Origins of Government

Forms of Government Classified according to three criteria:

Who can participate Democracy Dictatorship

Geographic distribution of power Unitary Federal Confederate

Relationship between legislative and executive powers

Presidential Parliamentary

Page 7: Origins of Government

Montesquieu French Theory of Separation of

Powers Executive Legislative Judicial Checks and Balances

Significant influence on American Founding Fathers

Page 8: Origins of Government

Voltaire French Advocated for civil

liberties Right to Fair Trial Freedom of Religion Free trade

Page 9: Origins of Government

John Locke English Social Contract Theory

Natural Rights Separation of Powers Separation of Church

and State Right to and Occasional

Obligation of Revolution Significant Influence on

Declaration of Independence Natural Right to

defend “Life, health, Liberty, or Possessions”

Page 10: Origins of Government

Beccaria Italian First Argument against

Death Penalty State does not have

right to take life Is not useful nor

necessary punishment Influence on Penal systems No Cruel or Unusual

Punishment Right to Speedy Trial Right to Bear Arms

Page 11: Origins of Government

Machiavelli Italian Authored

The Prince Discourses on Livy

Separation of Powers Republicanism

Page 12: Origins of Government

Mary Wollstonecraft British Feminist Republican Advocated equality in

both classes and gender

Women only appear inferior due to lack of education

Page 13: Origins of Government

Code of Hammurabi One of the first written legal codes 282 laws enacted by Babylonian king Laws had scaled punishments

Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth Death penalty Punishment varied by social class

Page 14: Origins of Government

Magna Carta Initially enacted by John I in 1215 at the

insistence of nobles Multiple versions between 1215 and 1297

Only Three Clauses remain in force today (1, 9, 29) Other clauses repealed or replaced after 1828

Limited Royal Powers Guaranteed Rights of Free Men Created a version of Parliament (Council of

Barons/ House of Lords)

Page 15: Origins of Government

The Petition of Right 1628 Response by Parliament to Charles I’s

request for increased taxes Limited power of the monarch Declared that even the monarch was

subject to the law of the land Early bill of rights Parts of US constitution are based from

it including the 3rd amendment.

Page 16: Origins of Government

English Bill of Rights 1688-89 Provisions offered to William & Mary

in exchange for the crown following the Glorious Revolution (abdication of James II)

Predecessor to US Bill of Rights (1st, 2nd, 5th, & 8th amendments)

Page 17: Origins of Government

Mayflower Compact First governing document of

Plymouth colony Social contract for survival Majoritarian rule

Signed by 41 of 101 passengers

Page 18: Origins of Government

Colonial Government Each colony granted a charter from

the monarch Three types

Royal Proprietary Charter

Each colony had a governor and a legislature

Page 19: Origins of Government

Virginia Declaration of Rights June 1776 Proclaimed the inherent rights of

men including rebellion against inadequate government

Influenced later documents Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights

Page 20: Origins of Government

Iroquois Confederation Confederation of six Native American

nations Formed own centralized democratic

government prior to European colonization Grand Council (50 Members) Women, especially mothers, had

significant influence on decision making and “elections”

Influenced both Articles of Confederation and US Constitution

Page 21: Origins of Government

Document Activity Get into groups of 4-5 You will be given a copy of a historical

document. DO NOT WRITE ON IT!!!!! Read the document to yourselves and discuss

it as a group As a group summarize the key points of the

document (need a minimum of 3) Write these down

Select a spokesperson to present the summary to the class

Turn in a written summary and the original document at the end of class as instructed

Page 22: Origins of Government

Next Time Royal Injustices Revolution! A new nation Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Ratification of the Constitution