Online Voting Report Final

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CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Preamble pg.no

1.1 General Introduction 21.2 Statement of the problem 31.3 Objectives of the study 31.4 Scope of the problem 51.5 Methodology 61.6 Review of the structure 71.7 Limitations 10

Chapter 2 System Analysis

2.1 General description 112.2 Software requirement 122.3 Hardware requirement 12

Chapter 3 System Design

UML/Data flow/ER diagram 13

Chapter 4 Implementation

4.1 Coding details 144.2 Detail implementation 35

Chapter 5 Interpretation of results 36

Chapter 6 Testing 42Chapter 7 Conclusion 50

Bibliography 51

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Chapter 1

1. Preamble

1.1 General Introduction

Voting is a right of all the citizens. But sometimes it becomes very difficult

for the people who are on a move or out of the state or country to cast their vote.

Their votes simply go wasted or Proxy. At the same time they loose their

valuable right of voting. With electronic media replacing the manual ballet. Hence

we thought of developing a website which will be a solution to this problem. The

election commissioner will maintain or administrate this web. For all the places

that are undergoing voting, a database of the voters and candidates will be

maintained. Once a person cast his/her vote, with proper authentication the

revoting will be prohibited. Once the voting is over, all the counting will be done

online and result will be displayed.

This method of web voting can enhance the security and no proxy voting can bedone. Even with the Electronic voting machine, the booth capturing and forced

voting persists, but with Web voting tools such things are removed.

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1.2 Statement Of The Problem

The motto of the project is to build an enterprise site, which should be able

to allow people to cast their vote online. As voting is one of the premier right of a

citizens. A lot of security has to be maintained in order to achieve proper

functioning of the website. The website also tries to provide a testing tool to carry

out various levels of security and compatibility test on concept like online voting.

1.3 Objective of the study

The objectivity of the project is to design an enterprise site which allows

the NRIs to avail their voting right. But the Voting is one of the very important

rights of the Citizens of India. The misuse of this can lead to extreme severity.

Therefore any such solutions must come up with a lot of security issues. At the

same time the site must be a unique module to provide the election preparers to

prepare voters list contestant list and so on. At the same time it must also be an

integrated unit to display the result divided by areas or parties and by the votes.

The objectivities can be enlisted as bellow.

Code optimization is a very important concept towards the direction of an efficient

system.

Larger code means large compilation time. It drains up the servers

resources. Hence, It was one of the prior goals to optimize the coding as muchas possible.

1. Query Optimization: In the absences of content management system, it

would have required to write rather huge queries and structured procedure

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to achieve efficiency in the coding that was achieved. Therefore contains

management with full text search capabilities of SQL Server were

selected. It minimizes the query to a mere a single statement. This is

done by connecting all the format tables with the help of primary andforeign key pair.

2. Module Integrity: Through designing a PPC and Watchdog and auto

configs, the customer module were integrated with company module,

which removed the need for an extra admin module. The changes on the

ads made by the companies would automatically be reflected on the

customer pages.

3. History Optimization: the history was entirely made with structured

query, which minimizes to construct the date separately. The best thing

4. about it is, may a user click an ad 10 times a day but there would be only

one entry of that corresponding ad to the very day.

Display Optimization: Generally the result of search requires huge code blocks

but a custom intrinsic control of data list box containing link levels and panels.

Code efficiency is defined as success ratio of a desired output to a given input.The enterprise solution that is used over here is sent ionized into search, pay per

click module, watchdog timer.

Let us first discuss about the efficiency of the Search Module. The

module is designed with content management.

The watchdog is implemented along with the home page. It is here where

the customers last SQL Server 2000 is extracted and checked. It modifies the

balance of the company. If found it being zero, Company accounts are auto

deleted. This may cause unnecessary blockage of database files.

The user doesnt have to go through login process because the ad viewers

should not be protected by passwords as it should be seen by everybody.

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Hence unnecessary registration and login process is removed. It also eliminates

the need of maintaining user sessions.

1.4 Scope of the Project

The project is just a prototype of what the next generation voting solution

may look like. Many features couldn't have been implemented due to shortage in

testing-time. Hence we would like to conclude with a wish that many future

Developers take up the work initiated by us and gift the nation with a real - time

Online Voting solution. The project also provides neutral platform for testing with

following parameters.

The major case handlings are-

1. Client side validation

2. Server side validation

3. Database side validation

The major test cases are-

1. Unique key identification

2. State & Area validation3. User information validation

i. phone # validation

ii. e-mail validation

iii. .Address validation

4. Voter id identification

5. Voting date validation

6. Voting time validation

7. Multiple vote validation

8. Result validation

9. User information Update validation

10. ODBC data handling validation

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11. ODBC data modeling validation

12. Current location change validation

1.5 MethodologyThe project is a Servlet based implementation of the conceptual design.

The pages are build with the java and are hosted in either tomcat or servet

runner server

Unauthorized users cannot access any of the files because a servlet file invoked

only through the other. What ever pure HTML files are present using a file rader

all these files are read.these are made as different servlet programmes. The

major abstraction is achived in casting and result display. An election

commissioner imports the list of candidates seggrated by the area.whenever a

user loged in in his area statement is put in the session and if it is a voting date

only the candidates corresponding to the are are being displayedA watchdog

concept is also implemented which monitors whether the person has already

voted or notIf one has already voted,it counts the false votes tries and shootsup a legal message. The project also provides a prototype for displaying results

saggregated by the area,party,nationwise and statewise. A user can select any of

this.

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1.6 Review of literature.Net Framework 3.5

The main features of .Net Framework 3.5 are as below, which

prompted us to choose this platform to develop the application of this

complex nature.

Interoperability

Because computer systems commonly require interaction

between newer and older applications, the .NET Framework

provides means to access functionality implemented in newer

and older programs that execute outside the .NET environment.

Access to COM components is provided in the

System.Runtime.InteropServices and System.EnterpriseServices

namespaces of the framework; access to other functionality is

achieved using the P/Invoke feature.

Common Language Runtime engine

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) serves as the execution

engine of the .NET Framework. All .NET programs execute under

the supervision of the CLR, guaranteeing certain properties and

behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and

exception handling.

Language independence

The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or

CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible data types and

programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they

may or may not interact with each other conforming to

the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification.

Because of this feature, the .NET Framework supports the

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exchange of types and object instances between libraries and

applications written using any conforming .NET language.

Base Class Library

The Base Class Library (BCL), part of the Framework Class

Library (FCL), is a library of functionality available to all

languages using the .NET Framework. The BCL

provides classes that encapsulate a number of common

functions, including file reading and writing, graphic

rendering, database interaction, XML document manipulation,

and so on. It consists of classes, interfaces of reusable types

that integrates with CLR(Common Language Runtime).

Simplified deployment

The .NET Framework includes design features and tools which

help manage the installation of computer software to ensure it

does not interfere with previously installed software, and it

conforms to security requirements.

Security

The design addresses some of the vulnerabilities, such as buffer

overflows, which have been exploited by malicious software.

Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all

applications.

Portability

While Microsoft has never implemented the full framework on

any system except Microsoft Windows, it has engineered the

framework to be platform-agnostic, [3] and cross-platform

implementations are available for other operating systems

(see Silverlight and the Alternative implementations section

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Extension methods in C# allow programmers to use static

methods as if they were methods from a class's method table,

allowing programmers to add methods to an object that they feel

should exist on that object and its derivatives. The type dynamic allows for run-time method binding, allowing

for JavaScript like method calls and run-time object composition.

C# has strongly typed and verbose function pointer support via

the keyword delegate .

Like the QT framework's pseudo-C++ signal and slot , C# has

semantics specifically surrounding publish-subscribe style events,

though C# uses delegates to do so. C# offers Java like syncronized method calls, via the

attribute [ MethodImpl ( MethodImplOptions .Synchronized ) , and has

support for mutually-exclusive locks via the keyword lock .

The C# languages does not allow for global variables or

functions. All methods and members must be declared within

classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global

variables and functions. Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block,

unlike C and C++.

A C# namespace provides the same level of code isolation as a

Java package or a C++ namespace , with very similar rules and

features to a package .

C# supports a strict Boolean data type, bool . Statements that

take conditions, such as while and if , require an expression of a

type that implements the true operator, such as the boolean type.

While C++ also has a boolean type, it can be freely converted to

and from integers, and expressions such as if ( a ) require only

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that a is convertible to bool, allowing a to be an int, or a pointer.

C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false" approach, on the

grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return

exactly bool can prevent certain types of common programmingmistakes in C or C++ such as if (a = b) (use of

assignment = instead of equality == ).

In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks

specifically marked as unsafe , and programs with unsafe code need

appropriate permissions to run. Most object access is done through

safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object

or have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain areference to a "dead" object (one that has been garbage collected),

or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an

instance of a value-type, array, string, or a block of memory

allocated on a stack. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still

store and manipulate pointers through theSystem . IntPtr type, but it

cannot dereference them.

Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is

automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the

problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of

responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed.

In addition to the try ... catch construct to handle exceptions, C#

has a try ... finally construct to guarantee execution of the code in

the finally block, whether an exception occurs or not.

Multiple inheritance is not supported, although a class can

implement any number of interfaces. This was a design decision by

the language's lead architect to avoid complication and simplify

architectural requirements throughout CLI. When implementing

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multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same signature,

C# allows the programmer to implement each method depending

on which interface that method is being called through, or, like

Java, allows the programmer to implement the method once andhave that be the single invocation on a call through any of the

classes interfaces.

C#, unlike Java, supports operator overloading. Only the most

commonly overloaded operators in C++ may be overloaded in C#.

C# is more type safe than C++. The only implicit conversions by

default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of

integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT, and, in some

cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between booleans

and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers

(except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any

enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly

marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ copy constructors and

conversion operators, which are both implicit by default.

C# has explicit support for covariance and contra variance,

unlike Java which as neither, and unlike C++ which has some

degree of support for contra variance simply through the semantics

of return types on virtual methods.

Enumeration members are placed in their own scope.

C# provides properties as syntactic sugar for a common pattern

in which a pair of methods, accessor (getter) and mutator

(setter)encapsulate operations on a single attribute of a class. No

redundant method signatures for the getter/setter implementations

need be written, and the property may be accessed using attribute

syntax rather than more verbose method calls.

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Checked exceptions are not present in C# (in contrast to Java).

This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability

and versionability.

Though primarily an imperative language, since C# 3.0 itsupports functional programming techniques through first-class

function objects and lambda expressions.

SQL Server 2005SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") was released in October

2005. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition

to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could beused either as a data type in database columns or as literals in queries. XML

columns can be associated with XSD schemas; XML data being stored is

verified against the schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data type

before being stored in the database. Specialized indexing methods were

made available for XML data. XML data is queried using XQuery; SQL Server

2005 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow embedding

XQuery queries in T-SQL. In addition, it also defines a new extension to

XQuery, called XML DML, that allows query-based modifications to XML data.

SQL Server 2005 also allows a database server to be exposed over web

services using Tabular Data Stream(TDS) packets encapsulated within SOAP

(protocol) requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are

returned as XML.

Common Language Runtime (CLR) integration was introduced with this

version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For

relational data, T-SQL has been augmented with error handling features

(try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table

Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing

algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are check

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summed for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has

been added for better performance. Permissions and access control have

been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent

execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexesare supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a cluster is easier.

SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the

.NET Framework.

SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a method

of allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes.

SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), which are

specialized views and functions that return server state information that can

be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and

tune performance.

Service Pack 1 (SP1) of SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring, a

high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at

the database level. Failover can be performed manually or can be configured

for automatic failover. Automatic failover requires a witness partner and an

operating mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety).

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1.7 Limitations of the Project

When HTML and the World Wide Web were first invented, the content of

each displayed page was essentially static. Each URL referred directly to either

a fixed page or a fixed element of a page. To allow for the possibility of more

interaction, and hence for pages that are tailored to an individual request, the

Web Form mechanism was introduced.

Web Form allows a URL to contain a basic reference, which is not to apage of HTML, but to a program. In addition to that basic reference, parameters

to control the execution can also be based from the browser into the SERVLET

program.

Although Web Form is quite simple to use, both from the users and the

server administrators point of view, it has a number of weaknesses:

Low performance

Startup time

Poor inter-Web Form communication

Security

A number of enhancements have been made to Web Form to address

these limitations.

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Chapter 2

System Analysis2.1 General Description

People have been voting since the ancient roman days. But from time to timethe architecture and the methods are been changing. As the technology has

evolved, the voting rules and the ways have also evolved. We have concepts like

voting machine and mobile voting. Even though the voting has been one of the

most premier rights of the citizens of the nations, the youth today do not seems

to be much interested to go for the long queues and cast their votes. The

software and other industrial challenges have not let people to go out and cast.

Therefore we have come up with a unique solution where by people can cast

their votes. As it demands a lot of security, we have tried to implement utmost

security and thus the system is a highly secured system. We have also shown a

way of abstraction by separating the election commissioners module with the

voter module. This also provides certain testing rules for the testing case

learners.

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System Requirements:

2.2 Hardware Requirements: System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.

Hard Disk : 40 GB.

Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.

Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.

Mouse : Logitech.

Ram : 512 Mb.

2.3 Software Requirements:

Operating system : - Windows XP.

Coding Language : ASP.Net with C#

Data Base : SQL Server 2005

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CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 CODING DETAILS

4.2 DETAIL IMPLEMENTATION

The major modules are enlisted as below

(1) LOGIN :-through login a user can log in to the voting site. His state and

area information is put in the session.

(2) REGISTRATION:-though registration a user can register himself to the

website.It checks if the user is already registered or not if one is registered

,it asks for a different username and password

(3) CASTING:- through this the user can cast his votes the overall vote count

of the candidate would be incremented by one and the users voting status

would b made true.This would allow the user to vote only if today is the

Voting day.

(4) RESULTS:-through results a user can observe the results either

(i)partywise National

(ii)The Nationwide result

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Chapter 5 SCREEN SHOTS

Chapter 6 Testing

SOFTWARE TESTING

What is testing?

The process of detecting & identifying defects, where a defect is any

variance between actual and expected results.

What is Software testing?

- Process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.

- Confirming that a system performs its intended functions correctly.

- Establishing confidence that a system does what it is supposed to do.

Why Software testing?

To get adequate trust and confidence on the product. To meet the

organizational goals like meeting requirements satisfied customers, improved

market share, zero defects, etc.

Since the software can perform 100,000 correct operations per second, it

has the same ability to perform 100,000 wrong operations per second, if not

tested properly.

Approach to Software testing:

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Of varying impact (severity), of varying priority, etc. At different stages of

the development cycle. Using different types of testing.

3.1. Different categories of testing:1. White Box and Black box testing

2. Dynamic and Static testing

3. Manual and Automated Testing

4. Verification and Validation Techniques.

White Box Testing : The software tester has SQL Server 2000 to the

program/code and examines it for errors. Also called clear box testing or

structural testing. E.g.: Unit TestingBlack Box Testing : The software tester only knows what the system is

supposed to do, he does not know how it works internally. He has to test on

the basis of expected outputs. E.g: System Testing

Static Testing : Code is examined without being executed E.g: Code

inspections, Reviews, Walk-through.

Dynamic Testing : Code is executed and tested without, necessarily, being

examined. E.g: Black Box testing.

Manual Testing : Testing activities performed by people without the help of

software testing tools. E.g: Review, unit testing.

Automated Testing : Testing activities carried out with the help of software

testing tools. E.g: Regression Testing, Performance Testing

Verification

Verification : Is a set of activities carried out to see whether we are we

building the system right.

E.g: Set of white box testing activities

Testing Through Life Cycle:

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1. Requirement Analysis Testing

2. Design testing

3. Unit testing

4. Integration testing5. System testing.

a. Requirement Analysis Testing:

Objective : The objective of requirement analysis testing is to ensure

software quality by eradicating errors as earlier as possible in the

development process, as the errors noticed at the end of the software life

cycle are more costly compared to that of early ones, and there byvalidating each of the outputs.

The objective can be achieved by three basic issues:

Correctness

Completeness

Consistency

b. Design Testing

Objective : The objective of the design phase testing is to generate

complete specifications for implementing a system using a set of tools and

languages.

Design objective is fulfilled by five issues:

a) Consistency

b) Completeness

c) Correctness

d) Feasibility

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e) Traceability

c. Unit Testing

Objective: The main objective of unit testing is to ensure that the

individual units of a system work correctly in isolation, before they are

eventually integrated.

The objective can be achieved by the following issues:

a) Correctness

b) Completeness

c) Early testing

d) Debugging

d. Integration testing

Objective: Minimizing the errors which include internal and external interface

errors.

e. Software Testing

Objective: Software once validated for meeting functional requirements must beverified for proper interface with other system elements like hardware, databases

and people.

System testing verifies that all these system elements mesh properly and

the software achieves overall function/performance.

We carry out functionality testing, performance testing and other black box

testing to requirement as part of system testing.

Different Types of Testing:

- Reviews and walk-through

- Unit Testing

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- Integration testing

- Functional testing

- System testing

- Acceptance testing- Regression testing

- Usability testing

- Performance testing

- Security testing

Reviews: A group of persons (author need not be one among them) look for

errors, mistaken assumptions, lack of clarity and deviation from standard

practice. E.g.: Review of specifications, Project plans etc.

Walk-through: Similar to review and will be informal usually conducted by

the members of the group which will include the author. For E.g.: Improving

programming logic, Design approach etc.

Unit testing: Testing a single program, module, or unit of code. Validates that

the system performs as designed. Also called module testing or elements

testing.

Integration testing: Testing of related programs, modules, or units of code.

Validates that multiple parts of the system interact according to the system

design.

Functional testing: Functions are tested by feeding the input and examining

the output to the expected outputs. Functional tests are a type of black box

testing.

System Testing: Testing of entire system, can include functional and nonfunctional testing such as stress testing, validates the system as a whole.

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Acceptance Testing: Testing the system behavior against customers

requirements. Customers undertake typical tasks to check their requirements,

done at the customers premises on the user environment.

Regression testing: Selective retesting to detect faults introduced duringmodification of a system or system component to verify that modifications

have not caused unintended adverse effects. To verify that a modified system

or system component still meets its specific requirements.

Usability Testing: Evaluates the ease of using and learning the system and

system user documents by the end users. Evaluates the effectiveness of

system functioning in supporting user tasks and ability to recover from users

errors.

Performance Testing: Specifically aimed at verifying that the system meets

the specified performance requirements like response time, transactional

throughput-depends on the target values specified in the contract. Eg: 100

typical searches/min, 50 quotes/hour, 5 MB of files downloaded/sec etc,

number of concurrent users.

Security Testing: Verify how easily a system is subject to security violations

under different conditions and environments.

Some types of testing :

- Configuration Testing

- Installation Testing

- Load Testing

Software Testing Process/Steps:

1. Collect the documents from the project or from the leaders.

1. Writing the scripts.2. Running the test.

3. Bug tracking mechanism.

4. Test reports.

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Testing All the projects are subjected to vigorous testing before they are actually

approved or accepted. The test cases that were considered for the project

were

i) User leaving a blank field: In all the forms validation controls are

used to ensure that no form is submitted without filling all the

respective fields. These controls are encoded client scripts

generated by the server. Whenever the user leaves a field blank

the form doesnt get submitted.

ii) All the pages are secured: all the pages were needed to provide

security. Hence all the pages are protected by sessions which are

generated at the time of log in. Hence a user can not access it

without log in.

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Chapter 7

ConclusionWe do not claim that we have done something special or new. At the end of the

day everything we try to develop is never new. Our emphasis has been to

provide a testing prototype and we have successfully done it. Providing security

through server side coding and providing optimum resource handling has been

something that we have achieved through our project. As we say that is a

prototype, a lot of work still to be carried out before it can be treated as a serious

solution for voting. We at our level have justified the work and provided valuable

model for testing. These rules are going to be of immense help for anybody who

would want to learn testing or implement testing rules. As the work has just

begin, it is hard to conclude at this point of time. But as a mandatory amendment

to the documentation, we have to conclude. We would conclude with a wish that

is work is identified by industrial gurus and is worked upon to create a real time

voting solution for our great nation. Even after producing millions of software

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developers, this country doesnt have an online voting system. May our work

motivate people to brush off this and motivates the youth to cast their vote and

take the country to the path of development.

Bibliography

1. Complete Reference Of .Net Framework:Herbert Schildt

2. A C# primer : E. Balguruswamy

3. COMPLETE .Net Certification : Simon Roberts

Philip Heller

Michael Ernest

4. ASP.Net programming : Jason Hunter

William Crawford

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Online Voting Report Final

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