One Way reinforced concrete slabs

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

1/28

Design of One Way Slabs

CE A433 RC Design

T. Bart Quimby, P.E., Ph.D.Spring 2007

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

2/28

Definition

A One WaySlab is simply

a very widebeam thatspans betweensupports

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

3/28

Design for a 12 Width

When yousolve for As,

you aresolving for

As/ft width.

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

4/28

Beam Profile

Design variables: Thickness (h) and Reinforcing

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

5/28

Solving for Thickness, h

Thickness may controlled by either:

Shear

Flexure

Deflection

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

6/28

Thickness Based on Shear

Shear stirrups are notpossible in a slab soall you have is fV

c

forstrength. ACI 318-05

11.5.6.1(a) exemptsslabs from the

requirement that shearreinforcement isrequired where ever Vuexceeds fVc/2.

wc

u

wccu

bf

Vd

dbfVV

2

2

f

ff

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

7/28

Thickness Based on Flexure

Use the three equations that werepresented earlier in the semester for

computing bd2

for singly reinforcedconcrete beams, using b = 12. Largest beam size (based on Asmin as specified

in the code)

Smallest beam size (based on the steel strainbeing .005)

Smallest beam size not likely to havedeflection problems (c ~ .375cb)

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

8/28

Thickness Base on Deflection

We havent covered deflection calculationsyet.

See ACI 318-05 9.5.2You must comply with the requirements ofACI 318-05 Table 9.5(a) if you want to totally

ignore deflections

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

9/28

Other Considerations

For thinner multi-span slabs, it might be usefulto put the steel at mid depth so that it can act

as both positive and negative reinforcing. Then h = d*2

Cover requirements are a bit different

See ACI 318-05 7.7.1(c)

You might need to make allowance for a wearsurface

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

10/28

Flexural Steel

Consider as a rectangular singly reinforced beamwhere b = 12 Mu < fAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7fcb)) Solve for As

The resulting Asis the reqd As PER FOOT OFWIDTH.

Also consider min As requirement ACI 318-0510.5.1

All bars can provide this As by selecting anappropriate spacing Spacing = Ab/(reqd As/ft width) Watch units!!!!

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

11/28

Spacing Limits

ACI 318-05 7.6.5 has an upper limit onbar spacing

S < min(3h, 18)

The lower limit is as used in previousbeam problems..

The clear distance between bars > max(1,max aggregate size/.75)

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

12/28

Typical Calculation

Controlling Flexural Steel Requirement 0.294 in^2/ftw

Bar Ab db max s Use s Act. As Act d pMn Mu/pMn c Stl Strain

(in^2) (in) (in) (in) (in^2/ftw) (in) (ft-k/ftw) (in)

#3 0.11 0.375 4.49 4.50 0.293 8.06 10.36 0.927 0.507 0.04466

#4 0.20 0.500 8.16 8.50 0.282 8.00 9.90 0.970 0.488 0.04613

#5 0.31 0.625 12.65 13.00 0.286 7.94 9.95 0.965 0.495 0.04510

#6 0.44 0.750 17.95 18.00 0.293 7.88 10.11 0.950 0.507 0.04355

#7 0.60 0.875 24.48 18.00 0.400 7.81 13.53 0.710 0.692 0.03087

#8 0.79 1.000 32.23 18.00 0.527 7.75 17.45 0.550 0.911 0.02252

#9 1.00 1.128 40.80 18.00 0.667 7.69 21.59 0.445 1.153 0.01699

#10 1.27 1.270 51.82 18.00 0.847 7.62 26.64 0.361 1.465 0.01260

#11 1.56 1.410 63.65 18.00 1.040 7.55 31.73 0.303 1.799 0.00958

#14 2.25 1.693 91.81 18.00 1.500 7.40 42.53 0.226 2.595 0.00556

#18 4.00 2.257 163.21 18.00 2.667 7.12 61.93 0.155 4.614 0.00163

Note: Check development lengths

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

13/28

Temperature & Shrinkage Steel

ACI 318-05 7.12

Reqd As/ft width = (12)hr r = 0.0020 for fy < 60 ksi r = 0.0018 for fy = 60 ksi

This steel is placed TRANSVERSE to the

flexural steel.ACI 318-05 7.12.2.2

Spacing < min(5h,18)

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

14/28

T&S Calculation

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

15/28

Layout

Flexural Steel

Temperature &Shrinkage Steel

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

16/28

Example Problem

Materials: fc = 3 ksi, fy = 60 ksi

Imposed Loads: Live = 100 psf, Dead = 25 psf

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

17/28

Finding h

At this point, we have enough informationto determine h using ACI 318-05 Table

9.5a: Cantilevers: h > L/10 = 24/10 = 2.4

Main Spans: h > L/24 = 120/28 = 4.29

We still need to check shear and flexurerequirements but need more info!

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

18/28

Determine Loads

Consider only a 1 ft width of beam (b = 12)

wLL = 100 psf = 100 plf/ft width

wDL = 25 psf + weight of slab Make a guess at a slab thickness or write the equations

of shear and moment in terms of slab thickness Letstry h = 6 we will need to fix this later if it turns out to

be greater. wDL = 25 psf + (150 pcf)*.5 ft = 100 psf = 100 plf/ftw

wu = 1.2(100 plf/ftw) + 1.6(100 plf/ftw) = 280 plf/ftw

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

19/28

An Almost Arbitrary Decision

We will place the steel at mid-depth of the slabso that it handles both positive and negativemoments

This means that we only need to design for the worstcase moment (positive or negative) along the span.

As a result, d = h/2

This is a good choice for a short relatively thin (less

than 8) slab. This makes things pretty simple. Only have to design

one set of flexural steel!

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

20/28

Determine Maximum Shears

Use ACI 318-05 8.3 (the slab meets the criteria!)to compute internal forces (or you can do a fullelastic analysis)

The cantilevers are exempt from 8.3 since theyare statically determinant (i.e. dont meet thecriteria to use 8.3) V

u

= wu

*Ln

= (280 plf/ftw)*(1.5 ft) = 420 lb/ftw

The two center spans are the same Vu = wu*Ln/2= (280 plf/ftw)*(9 ft)/2 = 1260 lb/ftw

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

21/28

Determine Reqd h Based on Shear

For our choice:

d = h/2 > Vu/[f2sqrt(fc)bw)]

d > (1260 lb/ftw)/[.75(2)sqrt(3000)(12)]

d > 1.28 in

h > 2.56 in

Deflection criteria (Table 9.5a) stillcontrols!!!

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

22/28

Determine Maximum Moments

Main spans: Ln = 9 ft Can use ACI 318-05 8.3:

Max positive Mu = wu*Ln2

/16 = 1,418 ft-lb/ftw Max negative Mu = wu*Ln

2/11 = 2,062 ft-lb/ftw

Cantilevers are statically determinate: Ln =1.5 ft. Mu = wu*Ln2/2 = 315 ft-lb/ftw

Design for Mu = 2,062 ft-lb/ftw

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

23/28

Select h Based on Flexure

Can use the equations derived for choosing thesize of rectangular singly reinforced beams

earlier in the semester. Use b = 12 and solve for d.

Try solving the equations for both max and minsize to bracket the possibilities.

Max size (based on min reinforcing): h = 6.41 in

Min size (based on stl strain = 0.005): h = 3.40 in

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

24/28

Now Make a Choice!

I choose to use h = 5 it is in the range forflexure and meets Table 9.5a deflection criteria

and Shear Strength criteria Other choices that meet the limits computed are

also valid

No real need to go back and fix the h that our

load estimate since they are close and theassumption was conservative, but can do it torefine the design if we want to.

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

25/28

Determine the Flexural Steel

Solve the flexural design inequality for As: Mu < fAsfy(d-Asfy/(1.7*fcb))

As

> 0.199 in2/ftw

Watch those units!!!

Also check to make sure that the minimum As ismet

As > min(200,3sqrt(fc))*bwd/fy = 0.100 in

2

/ftw

The larger value controls Use As > 0.199 in

2/ftw

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

26/28

Select the Flexural Steel

Use #4 @ 12 O.C.

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

27/28

Consider T&S Steel

For our case, r = 0.0018

Reqd As > 0.0018(12)(5) = 0.108 in2/ftw

Max allowed spacing = min(18,5h) = 18 Compute some spacing and choose a bar:

For #3 bar:

s < 0.11 in2 / (0.108 in2/ftw) = 1.02 ft = 12.2 in

For #4 bar: s < 22.2 in use 18 #3 is the better choice!

Use #3 @ 12 O.C. for T&S steel

7/29/2019 One Way reinforced concrete slabs

28/28

Final Design

Slab Thickness = 5 Longitudinal Steel = #4 @ 12 O.C. @ mid-depth

Transverse Steel = #3 @ 12 O.C.