Olimpia de gouges

Olimpia de GougesMadame RolandMadame de Staël &Teresa Cabarrús

Olympe de Gouges Olympe de Gouges, real

name Marie Gouze, was born on May 7, 1748 in Montauban, France in a bourgeois family.

Writer, playwright, pamphleteer and French politician, she married when she was 17 years old and had a son named Pierre Aubry. In 1770, she moved to Paris for the education of her child.In the line of Montesquieu, she defended the separation of powers. She supported the constitutional monarchy, the republican cause and she opposed the death sentence of Louis XVI.

Her works were deeply feminist and revolutionary. She advocated equality between men and women in all aspects of public and private life, including equality for women in the right to vote, access to public work, the right to: speak publicly about political issues, access political life, own and control property, join the army, and physical equality and the right to education and equal power in the family and church.Finally, the revolutionary court sentenced her to death by guillotine in 1793. After the death of the king, she sent an insulting letter to Robespierre.

"Women have the right to climb the podium, since we have to mount the scaffold.”

Marie-Jeanne de la Platière, whose real name was Marie-Jeanne Plhipon but was better known as Madame Roland, was born the 17th of March in 1754 in Paris, France. Since she was very young, she showed a great capacity for studies, an apasionated and enthusiastic spirit and an indisputable talent.

In 1751, she married Jean Marie Roland, a member of the Convention and Minister of Interior. During the first days of her marriage, Madame Roland wrote several political articles for the Courriel de Lyon and she edited a good part of the writings and political speeches of her husband. When the couple moved from Lyon to Paris in 1791, she started to play an active role.

MADAME ROLAND

Her living-room in Guénédaud Street became the meeting point for important people like Brissot, Pétion or Robespierre. However, the couple started to be unpopular when her husband, the gentleman Roland, published a criticism of the Revolution. After the death of the King Louis XVI, the Jacobins reached their maximum power, defeating the Girondins. This made Madame Roland, along with other people, be sent to the prison, in spite of having defended freedom. On the 8th of November 1793 she was led to the guillotine. Before being executed, she leaned in front of the Liberty Statue situated at the square of the Revolution and pronounced one of her most famous phrases, “Oh, Liberty, how many crimes have been commited in your name!”

Anne-Louise Germaine Necker was born on July 22, 1766 in Paris, she was Baroness de Staël-Holstein, better known as Madame de Staël. She was a Swiss writer, considered French for her life and influence in Parisian cultural life. She was the daughter of the financier Jacques Necker, minister of Louis XVI. When she was 22, she wrote a letter on the character and works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. She married and had three children with the Ambassador of Sweden. During the French Revolution she was active in supporting Talleyrand, but after the fall of the monarchy, she left France and travelled to Switzerland.

MADAME DE STAËL

In 1797 she returned to Paris and she was fascinated by the figure of Napoleon Bonaparte. She tried to be the inspiration for Napoleon's policy, but she was suspicious of his liberal ideas. She met D'Alembert, Buffon, Chamfort and Grimm. Among her essays was: "On the influence of the passions on the happiness of individuals and nations", among his novels was: "Delphine and Corinne, or Italy" as well as reflections on peace and “!Considerations on the French Revolution.” Her entrenched liberal principles were firm but friendly character. Her manners, caring, sense of humor and people skills made her special.After the Restoration she returned to France, where she died in 1817.One of her most famous phrases was: "Freedom is incompatible with love. A lover is always a slave.’’She was fascinated

by the figure of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Teresa Cabarrus, also known as Madame Tallien, was born on July 31st, 1773. She was a Spanish lady known as “Our Lady of Thermidor”. She was sent to study in France in 1785 and there she married the young Marquis Jean-Jacques-Devin de Fontenay, but she divorced shortly thereafter. Later she came to Bordeaux with Tallien Jean-Lambert, a Jacobin sent by the revolutionary government. Teresa violated the curfew imposed so she ended up in jail. Finally, she married Tallien. She supported the ideas of the Revolution and changes in France.

TERESA CABARRÚS

 Her husband was against the Girondins, who had influence in that country, but Teresa was dedicated to help and protect realistic and Girondins. Therefore they called her "Notre-Dame du Bon Secours."Finally, she was jailed in Paris and Tallien had to defend the Convention.

Her husband escaped with Robespierre, and Teresa Cabarrus was freed from prison. She died in 1835, alone and sick in her castle, forgotten by her husband and their children. It was undoubtedly a fine example of the fact that characters sometimes pull the strings from the shadows of history.

Rocío Amores CruzSofía Luque CáceresAna Raposo CabreraClaudia García Poyato

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