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OFFICE ALGERIEN INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES CEREALES (OAIC)
Grains Production
in Algeria:
Current Situation and Outlook
London 9 June 2015
24th IGC Conference
Socio‐economic indicators for the agricultural sector
The potential of agricultural land in Algeria
The grains sector
Main grain output indicator trends
Economic regulatory measures for grains production
Imports
The OAIC’s intervention within the sector
Prospects and development measures
Communication Plan
Total agricultural area (TAA): 43 million hectares of which8.5_million hectares is usable agricultural area (UAA), whichincludes 1.1 million hectares of irrigated land;
Agriculture contributes 9,8% to the Gross Domestic Product(GDP);
Average growth rate of agriculture between 2009 and 2014was 11%;
Number of farms: 1,209,528 holdings;
Number of jobs: more than 2.5 million;
Socio‐economic indicators for the agricultural sector
Value of agricultural output: AD2,761 billion (equivalent to35 billion US dollars);
Food supply: National production meets 72% of thecountry’s food requirements;
Total population as at 1 January 2015: 39.5 millioninhabitants.
Usable agricultural area (UAA) = 8,5 million hectares, of which:
2 million hectares or 23% of the UAA receive more than 600 mm of rainfall per year, thus allowing intensive farming without irrigation provided the rainfall is evenly distributed.
3.3 million hectares or 39% of the UAA is made up of land located in agro-climatic areas that receive 400 to 600 mm of rainfall p.a., thus allowing arboriculture, grains crop and dry fodder production.
3.2 million hectares, or 38% of the UAA is located in areas where rainfall is below 400 mm p.a., making farming in these areas a high risk activity.
The potential of agricultural land in Algeria
77% of the UAA is located in adverse agro-climatic areas where water remains a major constraint and a limiting factor for agricultural production.
Drought is an inescapable component of the Algerian climate.
Rainfall(mm)
> 600 mm 400‐600 mm 300‐400 mm < 300 mm Other Total
Percentageof total grain area
2% 27% 45% 15% 11% 100%
Annually, the area sown to grain varies between3 and 3.5 million hectares, mainly in areas with low potential.
The spatial importance of grains acreage in Algeria with respect to climatic conditions
60% (2 million hectares) of the total area sown to grain receivesan average annual rainfall of less than 400 mm.
Drought is the main climatic constraint for grains farming
Intensive grains farming has become challenging due to
insufficient, irregular rainfall that is unevenly distributed over
time and space.
This is compounded by climatic vagaries such as:frost,
hailstorms,
high temperature,
hot winds (sirocco).
The 300 ‐ 400 mm isopluvial band covers 45% of the grains growing area;this area is made up of inland plains and highlands and is prone todrought (from east to west).
To the north of this line (>400 mm), rain‐fed grain farming is less prone todrought but output varies greatly due to poor rainfall distribution.
South of the high plains and below 300 mm rainfall, soil is arid, drought is a permanent feature and it is impossible to consider farming without irrigation.
The grains sector is one of the main agricultural sectors in Algeria.
Grain‐based products have a strategic place in the food system and in the national economy.
The grains sector
A great number of players(grain producers, seed propagators, seed producers,seed collectors, hauliers, storage agencies, inputvendors, processors, manufactured product retailers).
Importance of the grains industry
The grains sector is characterised by :
Grains acreage
3.4 million hectares are sown annually and 2.5 million hectaresare left fallow (together these equate to 70% of the 8.5_millionhectares of usable agricultural area).
Value of agricultural production
372,000 (or 31%) of the 1.2 million farms in Algeria are grainsfarms;
675,000 jobs;
Grains production is valued at AD214.6 billion i.e. more than8% of the total agricultural output value;
This sector has an average annual growth of 20.5% (2009‐13).
Makes up the main part of the food rationConsumption level = 222 kg/person/year;
60% of the calorific intake and 80% of the protein intake;
Change in the consumption pattern of the population fromdurum‐based flatbread to soft wheat‐based baguettes;
Given the fact this consumption pattern is now prevalent, the costof wheat has a direct impact on the minimum nutritionalthreshold of the poorest population segment;
World market shareIt represents 39% of the total value of food imports and is mainlymade up of soft wheat imports (a direct result of baguetteconsumption becoming more commonplace).
Main grain output indicator trends
Change in the area planted to grains since the 2008/2009 crop year:3.6% increase in the total sown area;
59% of the area planted to wheat (durum and soft)
38% of the area planted to barley and 3% to oats.
Change in the sown area, per crop, since 2008/2009Durum wheat: +12% ;Soft wheat: +4.7%Oats: +10%Barley: ‐4.7%.
Regulatory seed use
Strong increase in the area sown with regulatory seeds, of which 90% are certified seeds.
784,000
1,140,000
1,450,0001,670,000 1,650,000
2,150,000
Change in the grains area sown withregulatory seeds (in hectares)
Change in the area sown to grains using regulatory seeds, per crop
36%
56%
63%
70%
74,7%
33%
41%
51%
57%
49,71%
9
13
18
24%
21,11%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2008/2009
2009/2010
2010/2011
2011/2012
2012/2013
Orge
Blé tendre
Blé dur
Barley
Soft wheat
Hard wheat
Change in grains outputSteep annual variation in output, strongly dependent on climatic conditions.
4.5 million tons 20104.2 million tons 2011 5.1 million tons 20124.9 million tons 20133.4 million tons 2014
‐
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
1,991
1,992
1,993
1,994
1,995
1,996
1,997
1,998
1,999
2,000
2,001
2,002
2,003
2,004
2,005
2,006
2,007
2,008
2,009
2,010
2,011
2,012
2,013
2,014
Change in grains output (in tons)
Production…
Average national yield
Blé dur
Blétendre
Orge
Avoine
18
16
15
12
Average national yield (quintals/hectare) Average over 2010‐2014
Blé dur Blétendre Orge Avoine
Peaks of 50 to 70 quintals/haare recorded by high‐performance producers
The 50 Club
Durumwheat
Soft wheat
Durumwheat
Barley
Oats
Soft wheat Barley Oats
Economic regulatory measures for grains production
Durum wheat 45,000 DA/ton
Soft wheat 35,000 DA/ton
Barley 25,000 DA/ton
Farmgate price in line with international market
Improved credit facilities provided by an agricultural bank that covers seasonal credits, working credits and investment credits
Credit
Seed propagation premium
Oats collection premium
Oats maintenance premium
Support for seed milling tools
Fertiliser purchase and usage
Storage infrastructure support(producers and seed agencies)
Rebate on grains crop insurance premiums (hailstorm and fire)
Support premiums
Support for grains producers who subscribe to an irrigation programme for the enhancement of grains production
Purchase of irrigation equipmentShared borehole diggingPumping equipment (under lease)Irrigation water mid‐way storage infrastructure support
OAIC is in charge of grains market regulation and supply in Algeria
In order to meet the domestic market grains requirements, OAIC needs to resort to importations in order to supplement national production
Yearly imports by OAIC are particularly dependent on :
Meeting national requirementsNational production collection levelsThe international grains market situation
Imports
Change in grains imports (in tons)
Soft wheat accounts for 70% of grains import
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Year
Blé dur
Blé tendre
Orge
Previously, Algeriaimported 50% of alldurum wheat suppliesavailable on the exportmarket.Today, the importvolume of durumwheat has beenreduced by 50%.
Durum wheatSoft wheatBarley
Prospects and development measuresAll aspects of the grains sector are forecast to improve through the involvement of all stakeholders between 2015 and 2019, namely:
OrganisationalTechnicalProfessional
In particular the following measures will be taken:
Reduction of fallow land (2.5 million hectares):
Pulses and fodder are suitable crops for rotating with grains, all the more so as the country’s need for these products is high.
Strengthening of mechanised farmingModernising agricultural plant and equipment
Improved intervention structuring and better services at
the farm level
Increase the area sown with regulatory seeds Through the production and more systematic usage of certified high‐potential seeds
Improving grains production through irrigationby increasing the irrigated surface area planted to grains:The programme aims to irrigate 600,000 hectares, in particular throughirrigation materials financed up front by the OAIC.
by improving yields.
Ensuring harvesting takes place at the optimum time
Enhancement of the potential grains area( 1,200,000 hectares)Through the use of adequate production techniques and new more efficient seed varieties
The OAIC’s new fleet of combine harvesters is already showing its value as they enable harvesting to take place in a more timely manner, thus reducing crop losses.
Increasing storage capacity
The OAIC’s new storage infrastructure programme aims to increase storage capacity by 8.2 million quintals as follows:
9 new concrete silos with a storage capacity of 3.5 m quintals;30 metal silos with a 4.7 million quintal storage capacity.
Providing a regulatory frameworkmainly through the strengthening of relationships between the OAIC and the processors.
Structuring and upgrading of the sector through:
The establishment of an inter‐trade organisation chart for standard grains sites.
Increased dynamics of grains inter‐trade committees which represent consultation and communication fora for the stakeholders, on which the OAIC relies in order to regulate grains output.
Human capacity building and technical support strengthening:
an essential requirement.
The OAIC’s intervention within the sector
In line with the farming renewal policy initiated in 2008, the OAIC’s work is focused on
promoting grains farming, improving productivity and regulating national production,
mainly through :
Production support
Technical supervision of grain crops (fieldwork, seed drilling and combine harvesting) through the supply of inputs and the mechanisation of farming operations
Collection planning
Seed production (22 seed dressing stations)
Collection and storageInvolvement of storage structures
Grains transportRoad and rail transport subsidiaries
Supply and regulation of domestic marketDelivery of wheat to 531 processors(wheat and semolina mills);Delivery of barley to livestock owners(sheep, goats, camels, etc.)
Imports Unloading and handling logistics(12 new gantry cranes )
Output placed at 6.7 million tons of grains Against an average total crop size of 5.1 million tons between 2009 and 2012
Expected average economic growth per annum:
+5% for grains and pulses,
+6% for fodder
600,000 hectares of irrigated land sown to grains in 2019
As a result of using surface water
Projections for 2015 to 2019:
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