Ocean Planning's Impact

OCEAN PLANNING’S

IMPACTAn economic, environmental,

and social retrospective

2

We assessed the impact of past ocean plans

Great Barrier

Reef

Norway

Belgium

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

GermanyUK

Netherlands

3

Economic impact:Sited wind farms and

retained incumbent

industries, supporting

$4.1B in ocean

economies

4

The biggest gains went to the new users: wind farms

230

55-110

<1 0 0

Belgium(wind)

Rhode Island(wind)

Massachusetts(cable)

Norway Great BarrierReef

Average ~ $60

million per year

Annual economic gains, $M

5

Plans also retained billions within incumbent industries

Annual economic activity retained, $M

1,850

1,250

530

90 80

Great BarrierReef

Norway Massachusetts Rhode Island Belgium

Average ~ $760

million per year

Fishing

Tourism

6

Fishermen lost some access

but were compensated

• Australia: $210 million

• Rhode Island: $0.3 million for

now, more likely

• Netherlands: Fund established

7

Government spending broke even

Agencies spend more

on stakeholder

outreach, research,

and collaboration

Agencies spend less

on appeals and

litigation

8

Social impact:Encouraged

collaboration and

research

9

Plans led to more collaboration and research

Fishermen engage in broader planning processes

Developers negotiate, modify plans, and compensate

Governments expand cooperation and research funding

Native tribes own their part in marine management

10

Environmental impact:Expanded protection to 50%

of the area, cut CO2, and

managed industrial growth

11

Potential future directions for practice and research

• Track newer plans: Of the ~60 possible case study plans, fewer than

half have been approved and implemented, and the vast majority of

those that have only have a few years of results (2014). That should

change in the coming years

• Build in monitoring from the start: Data on impacts is scarce. Most is

first-level results (e.g., square miles of marine protected areas, direct

economic impacts)

• Assess the full suite of impacts: With an expanded dataset and longer

time lapse, future studies could assess the full suite of economic,

environmental, and social impacts, and the efficiencies gained through

better multi-use planning

OCEAN PLANNING’S

IMPACTAn economic, environmental,

and social retrospective

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