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OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS HEALTH HAZARDS
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Jan 16, 2016

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Page 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDSHEALTH HAZARDS

Page 2: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

CHEMICAL HAZARD

PHYSICAL HAZARD

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD

ERGONOMIC HAZARD

Page 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

HAZARD AND RISKHAZARD AND RISK

HAZARD

- any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

RISK

- the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

Page 4: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

WORKPLACE HAZARDSWORKPLACE HAZARDSSafety Hazards

working conditions where harm to the workers is of an immediate and violent nature

result in broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains, loss of limbs, etc.

the harm results in some kind of injury to the worker

associated with poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and machinery

Health Hazards

working conditions which result in an illness

exposure to dangerous substances or conditions, such as chemicals, gases, dusts, noise etc.

often, latency between exposure and disease

Page 5: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

CHEMICAL HAZARDSCHEMICAL HAZARDS

Page 6: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Routes of entry into the body

Inhalation

Ingestion

Skin Contact

Page 7: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Routes of excretion

Gastro-intestinal (feces)

Renal (urine) Respiratory (exhalation)

Skin (sweat, hair, nails)

Page 8: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Classification of Toxic Effects

Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact

Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems

Acute toxicity-Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days) after an exposure

Chronic toxicity-Chronic toxicity- represents cumulative damage to specific organ systems; occurs many months or years to have recognizable clinical disease

Page 9: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Health Effects

Renal Diseases Respiratory Diseases Skin Diseases Hematologic Diseases Cardiovascular

Diseases Neurologic Diseases Carcinogenic Teratogenic

Page 10: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Effects Chemical Agent Industry/Process

Renal Diseases: acute/chronic renal failure

Mercury, cadmium, chloroform

Battery, chemical industries, pesticide

Respiratory Diseases: Irritation, inflammation Solvents, ammonia Chemical industries

Pneumoconiosis Inorganic dust Mining, construction, sandblasting, coal

Cancer Chromium Plating, metal refining

Page 11: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Blood Diseases: Anemia Lead Battery mfg., lead

smelting

Aplastic anemia Benzene Solvent & soap mfg.

Skin Diseases: Allergic/contact dermatitis

Plastic epoxides Plastic, varnish

Acne Cutting oils, grease Machine-tool operators

Skin Cancer Arsenic, tar Petroleum refinery

Page 12: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards

Liver Disease: Acute liver toxicity Carbon

tetrachlorideCleaning fluids, dry cleaners

Liver cancer Vinyl chloride Plastics & vinyl chloride mfg.

Cardiovascular Disease: Hypertension Lead, Cadmium Battery mfg. &

recycling

Atherosclerosis Carbon disulfide Degreasing, dry cleaning

Arrythmias Fluorocarbon, trichloroethylene

Refrigeration, solvent workers

Page 13: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

PHYSICAL HAZARDSPHYSICAL HAZARDS

Page 14: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Physical HazardsPhysical HazardsNoise

Vibration

Extreme Temperature

Illumination

Radiation

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Page 16: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

NOISENOISETypes of Noise-Induced Hearing

Loss

Temporary Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue)◦ temporary loss of hearing acuity after

exposure to loud noise ◦ recovery within 16-48 hrs

Permanent Threshold Shift◦ irreversible loss of hearing

Page 17: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Other Harmful Effects of Noise

• Hypertension• Hyperacidity• Palpitations • Disturbs relaxation and sleep

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Page 19: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Segmental Vibration:Segmental Vibration:

• Health Effects:—Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)

—tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers

—pain

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Whole Body Vibration:Whole Body Vibration:

Health effects:◦ Fatigue◦ Irritability◦ Headache◦ Disorders of the

spine

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Page 22: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Disorders Clinical features

Prickly Heat (Miliaria rubra)

Pruritic rash

Heat cramps Cramps in the body, usually legs

Heat exhaustion Dizziness, fainting attack, blurring of vision, cold, clammy and sweaty skin

Heat stroke Cyanosis, muscle twitchings, disorientation, delirium, convulsions

Health Effects of Heat Stress

Page 23: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Frostbite: reddening of skin, localized burning pain and numbness. Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, ears are most susceptible.

trench foot or immersion foot: numbness, pain, cramps, ulceration and gangrene.

Health Effects of Cold Temperature

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Inadequate IlluminationInadequate Illumination

Health Effects ◦Visual Fatigue◦Double Vision◦Headaches◦Painful irritation ◦Lacrimation◦Conjunctivitis

Page 26: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.
Page 27: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

RADIATIONRADIATION

Non-ionizing Ultraviolet

Infrared

Laser

skin redness, premature skin ageing, and skin cancer

corneal and conjunctival burns, retinal injury, cataract

Skin and eye problem

Types Sources Health Effects

Ionizing X-rays

Gamma rays

Cancer, congenital defects, death

Page 28: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Page 29: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

VIRUSES FUNGI

BACTERIA PARASITES

Page 30: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Selected Infectious Diseases Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupationsand Occupations

Agent / Disease Occupation

Colds, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox

May be contracted anywhere

Tuberculosis Silica workers, people exposed to heat and organic dusts, and medical personnel

Anthrax Animal handlers and handlers of carcasses, skins, hides, or hair of infected animals, including wool carpet processors and handlers.

Page 31: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Selected Infectious Diseases Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupationsand Occupations

Agent / Disease Occupation

Ringworm (in horses, cattle, deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds)

Pet shop salesmen, stockmen, breeders of cats and dogs, and other animal handlers

Tetanus Farmers (spores in soil) or anyone in contact with manure.

Page 32: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Selected Infectious Diseases Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupationsand Occupations

Agent / Disease Occupation

Psittacosis (in parrots, parakeets, pigeons, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc.)

Pet shop personnel, gardeners, housewives, veterinary surgeons, and researchers.

Hookworm Miners, agricultural laborers, planters of sugar, tobacco, tea, rice and cotton, and brick and tunnel workers.

Page 33: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Selected Infectious Diseases Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupationsand Occupations

Agent / Disease Occupation

Rabies (e.g. dogs, bats, rats, pigs, cats)

Veterinarians, letter carriers, laboratory research workers, agricultural workers.

Fungus Farmers, outdoor workers, animal handlers

Page 34: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Body Fluids with High Viral LoadBody Fluids with High Viral Load

BloodSemenVaginal and cervical mucusBreastmilkAmniotic fluidCerebrospinal fluid

Page 35: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

ERGONOMIC HAZARDSERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Page 36: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

ERGONOMICSERGONOMICS

thetool

theworkstation

the task(job content &

context)

theorganization

theenvironment

Page 37: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICSRisk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Static posture

Page 38: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Forceful exertion

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Page 39: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICSRisk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Repetitive movement

Page 40: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICSRisk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Extreme range of motion

Page 41: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICSRisk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Awkward posture

Page 42: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

STRESSSTRESS

Page 43: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

STRESSSTRESSManifestations of Stress

PHYSIOLOGICAL Heart rate Blood pressure Indigestion

BEHAVIORAL Drug use Alcohol intake Heavy smoking Impulsive emotional

behavior

Poor work & family

relationship Social isolation Family abandonment Sleep problems

PSYCHOLOGICAL Fatigue Anxiety Tension Irritability Depression Boredom Inability to

concentrate Low esteem

Page 44: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.
Page 45: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION