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Nuts n Bolts

Jul 18, 2016

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Vijay Prakash

nuts and bolts
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Page 1: Nuts n Bolts

*- -*r

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Page 2: Nuts n Bolts

In general, iron represents an alloy of iron and carbon. lt can have various peculiar featureswhen other metals are added such as nickel and chrome. The latter alloys are called"special steel".

Relation betwetheir Width acn

@OUnmarked n

applications.OMaterial for h

chromium-mclron

- Pure iron (carbon content 0.0060/o or less)

- Steel (carbon content 0.06% to 2.Oo/ol

r- Hard steel

[- Carbon steel II - Special steelL tvtilo steel

:i. f- Ordinary cast iron- Cast iron (carbon content=1.7o/o to 6.67%) |- Special cast iron

l-t Carnon steelCarbon steel is widely used because its properties can easily be changed by carboncontent or heat treatment.

Dead soft steel Rivet, split pinMild steel Section steel, steel

Semi-mild steel Bolt nutSemi-hard steel Gear shaft

Hard steel Shaft hammer

Extra hard steel tool

l-Z Special SteelSpecial steel is an alloy of iron, carbon and more than one other metals such as nickel,

chrome, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese and vanadium.

Special steel includes: nickel steel, chrome steel, nickel chrome steel, chrom

molybdenum steel and invar.Other special steel: high-speed tool steel (for tools such as tap and die), stainless

and silicon manganese steel (for spring).

M.MIMIM{

M1

MllMl t]tn2cM22M24M27M30M3ifM36M39M42M45

I cnuot " tt

Page 3: Nuts n Bolts

rs peculiar featuresr alloys are called

Hard steel

Special steel

: i ron

ron

ranged by carbon

;teel, steel pipe

nmer

rls such as nickel,

s teel , chromium-

ie), stainless steel,

Relation between the Nominal Size of Hexagon Bolt and Hexagon socket Head Bolt andtheir Width across Flats (Spanner Size).

@OUnmarked nominat sizes are generatly used: Parenthesized ones are for special

applications.

OMaterial for hexagon socket head bolt: Heat treated carbon steel (S4SC, 515C) or type3chromium-molybdenum steel (SCM3).

lol

,r*fi wM

Unit: mm

lit pin

ffircChapter tt @

Page 4: Nuts n Bolts

Thread pitch gauge:otto.t 37 whitworth thread)otto.t 56M, -158M, -159M (metric thread)OUftf (unified fine thread)

@ONominal size means the outside diameter for both metric and inch threads.Owhen a metric coarse thread and a metric fine thread have the same nominal size, the

fine thread has a smaller pitch than that of the coarse thread.Example

M6 (coarse thread): Outside diameter 6 mm ; pitch 1 mmMG (0.75 fine thread): Outside diameter 6 mm ; pitch 0.75 mm

OWhen a unified thread and a Whitworth (coarse) thread have the same nominal size,pitch is the same but the angle of thread differs.Example

1/4-20UNG (unified coarse thread): Outside diameter 1/4 inch; pitch 20 (No. ofper inch); angle of thread 60 deg.W114 (Whitworth coarse thread): Outside diameter 1/4 inch; pitch 20 (No. of crests

inch); angle of thread 55 deg.

O.llS has abolished Whitworth thread since 1968.

4t Uetaric flOAngle of thrOPitch: distalOUnit for non

4z uniriea rnOAngle of thnOUnit for nonOUnit for pitcl

4g WhirworrhOAngle of thnOoutside dianOUnit for pitcl

4l ttread Ty1OMetric coarsOMetric fine ilOUnified coarsOUnified fine tlOwhitworth cr

thread is 55 cOWhitworth finOeipe thread:

Combinationangle of threa

OgO deg. trapeOZg deg. trapei

Feature Metric screw Unified fine thread Whitworth threadle of thread 60" 6o' 55'

Unit for nominal size mm No. or inch Inch (coarse

Unit for Mm No. of crests per inch No. of crests oer inch

Sample expressionCoarse thread

M6\t.

1/4-UNC wl14

Fine thread M6X0.75 4-U28UNC

Page 5: Nuts n Bolts

I(8 mm)

I(3/4 inch)

Angle

;h (coarse thread)l. of crests per inchv4

hitworth thread

rreads.me nominal size, the

4-t Vtetaric ThreadOAngle of thread: 60 deg.OPitch: distance between crestsOUnit for nominal size: mm

4-z unitied ThreadOAngle of thread: 60 deg.OUnit for nominal size: inch or No.OUnit for pitch: number of crests per inch (25.4 mm)

ne nominal size, the

ch 20 (No. of crests

20 (No. of crests per

4-g Whitworth Thread ( JIS has abolished this type of thread sine lgGS )OAngle of thread: 55 deg.OOutside diameter: inchOUnit for pitch: number of crests per inch (25.4 mm)

4a fnread TypesOMetric coarse thread: Expressed by "M", angle of thread is 60 deg.OMetric fine thread: Has smatl pitch. Angle of thread is 60 deg.OUnified coarse thread: Expressed by "UNC". Inch thread. Angle of thread is 60 deg.OUnified fine thread: Has small pitch. Inch thread. Angle of thread is 60 deg.OWnitworth coarse thread (abolished by JIS): Expressed by "\,V'. Inch thread. Angle of

thread is 55 deg.OWnitworth fine thread: Expressed by "\,V". Inch thread. Angle of thread is SS deg.OPipe thread:

Gombination of parallel thread and taper thread (PT, PF, PS) has small pitch and theangle of thread is 55 deg.

OgO deg. trapezoidal threadCZS deg. trapezoidal thread

chapter tt O

Page 6: Nuts n Bolts

M1.2 0.25 0.2

Ml .6 0.35 0.2

M2 0.4 0.25

M2.5 0.45 0.35

M3 0.5 0.35

M4 0.7 0.5

M5 0.8 *,o.5M6 1 0.75

M8 1.25 1

0.75

M l 0 1 .5 1,25

1

0.75

M l 2 1.75 1 .5

1.25

1

(Ml4) 2 1 .5

1.25

1

M l 6 2 1 . 5

1

(M18) 2.5 2

1 . 5

1

M20

M24

(Mzn

(M30)

M36

(M3e)

2

1 .5

1

2

1 . 5

2

1 .5

1

2

1 . 5

1

2

1 . 5

1

2

1 . 5

3

2

1 .5

3

GilOUnmarked sizes are used by priority: parenthesized ones, only when necessary.OPitch gauge: No.l56M to -159M

OAngle of thread: 60 deg.

OAngle of threAngle of thre

OPitcrr gauge:

Page 7: Nuts n Bolts

Thread 6 l{ominal SiieUnit: mm

114 6.350 20 28 20

5/16 7.938 1 8 24 1 8

1 6

1 4318 9.525 1 6 24

7116

112

11.112 1 4 20

12.700 1 3 20' 1 2

9/1 6

518

14.288 1 2 1 8 1 2

15.875 1 1 1 8 1 1

314 19.050 1 0 1 6 1 0

I718

1

22.225 9 1 4

25.400 8 1 2 I

1118 28.575 7 1 2 !71114

1318

31.750 7 1 2

34.925 6 1 2 961112

1314

2

38.100 6 1 2

44.450 5 5

50.800 4112 4112

2114 57.150 4112 !42112

2314

63.500 4

69.850 4 3112

3 76.200 4 3112

31123114

3112

82.550 4

88.900 4 3112

3314 95.250 4 I34 101 .600 4

etEffi.OAngle of thread (UNG): 60 deg.

Angle of thread (W): 55 deg.

OPitch gauge: UNC (for UNC thread); No.135 (for W)

!n necessary.

Page 8: Nuts n Bolts

Pipe thread is mainly used to connect gas pipes (carlcon steel pipes for ordinary piping)and has a small pitch and the thread angle of 55 deg. There are two types of pipe thread :parallel thread (PF) and taper thread (PT).

OExpression :

Expressed by the nominal size in inch of the female thread which fits the mating malethread Fhe size is not equal to the outside diameter of the male thread but is almostequal to the bore of the pipe).

OOombination of pipe threadsParallel pipe thread : Taper mde thread (PT) and taper female thread (PT)Taper male thread (PT) and paral lel female thread (PS) (uPSu is used for thiscombination.)

@Parallel female thread (PS) is used in combination with taper male thread (PT).Specifications are the same for both PS and PT.

OSample expressionPS 1/4 : Pitch 19 (No. of crests per inch) ; outside dimension of thread = 13.157 mm

OPitch gauge:OAngle of threOPf thread ha

Page 9: Nuts n Bolts

; for ordinary piping)ypes of pipe thread :

fits the mating malethread but is almost

, (PT)

i " i s used fo r th i s

male thread (PT).

d = 13 .157 mm

No

@OPitcn gauge: No.137OAngle of thread: 55 deg.OPf thread has a 1116 taper.

PS1/8 PS1/8 9.728 28 10 .5 6A

PS1/4 PS1/4 13 .157 1 9 13 .8 8A

PS3/8 PS3/8 16.662 1 4 17.3 104

PS112 PS112 20.955 1 4 21.7 . 15A

PS3/4 PS3/4 26.441 1 1 27.2 20A.PS1 PS1 33.249 1 1 34.0 254

PS13/4 PS13/4 41 .910 1 1 42.7 324PS1112 PS1112 47.803 1 1 48.6 404

PS2 PS2 59.614 1 1 60.5 50A

PS2112 PS2112 75.184 1 1 76.3 65A

PS3 PS3 87.884 1 1 89.1 80A

PS31/2 PS31/2 100.330 1 1 101 .6 90A

PS4 PS4 113.030 1 1 1 14 .3 1 00APS5 PS5 138.430 1 1 139.3 125A

PS6 PS6 163.830 1 1 165.2 1 50A

PS7 PS7 189.230 1 1 190.7 1 75A

PS8 PS8 214.630 1 1 216.3 200APS9 PS9 240.030 1 1 241.8 2254

PS1 O PS1 O 265.430 1 1 267.4 250APSl 2 PSl 2 316.230 1 1 . 318.5 300A

Chapter ll O