Nutrition in Adolescence 302 g5

NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE(by: GROUP 5- BSN302)

ADOLESCENCE

Is distinct from both childhood and adulthood.

It is a time of high nutrient demand because of the dramatic physical changes that accompany teenage growth .

It is also a time when individuals experience increasing control over their food choices and developing dietary habits that affect their weight status extend into adulthood.

ADOLESCENCE It is also a challenge to health professionals when it

comes to providing nutritional needs, because this period is characterized by… Accelerated Growth Changes in lifestyle, including food habits Involvement in social and physical activities Emotional problems associated with increased

personal and academic responsibilities; and psychological concern

Problems with some teenagers that demand special nutritional needs: smoking drug and alcohol abuse, pregnancy, and eating disorders

Stages of Adolescence

Pre-puberty 10-12 years old Endocrine changes start Menarche (for girls) – onset of menses


Puberty 13-15 years old Maturation of total body: gains about 20% of adult

height and 50% of adult weight Hip width increases in the girls Girls start puberty 2 years ahead of boys Girls: gain more fat than boys; boys: gain more lean

tissues than girls Other indications of sexual maturation: pubic hair

growth, development of the genitals, change in voice Growth Spurt – 18-24 month period when growth rate is

fastest


Post-puberty 16-19 years old Maturation of the function of the sex

organs Cessation of growth in females Beginning of adult hood

Nutritional Needs of Adolescents


ENERGY The energy needs of teenagers vary greatly,

depending on body size, rate of growth, and physical activity.

Adolescent males energy needs may be especially high since they experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.

Insufficient energy intake may occur due to: Restrictive dieting Inadequate monetary resources Secondary factors (substance abuse, chronic

illness, etc.)


ENERGY An average of 45 kilocalories is

needed for every kilo of desirable body weight. More specifically, total calories may be estimated using the following guideslines:

AGE GENDER SUGGESTED KCALORIE PER KILOGRAM DESIRABLE WEIGHT

13-15 y/o M55

F45

16-19 y/o M45

F40

Nutritional Needs of Adolescents PROTEIN

Correlates with growth pattern rather than chronological age

Maintenance of existing lean body mass Accumulation of additional lean body mass

during growth spurt Protein supplies about 15-20% of total

Calories/day Years of highest protein requirement per

unit of height: Females: 11-14 years Males: 15-18 years


o PROTEIN

PROTEIN

10-12 y/o 13-15 y/o 16-18 y/o

MALE 6.8 mg 9 mg 8.9 mg

FEMALE 6 mg 7.9 mg 7 mg


MINERALS

Calcium and iron two minerals often lacking in Filipino

teenagers


MINERALS: Calcium Great need for calcium - increase in skeletal

growth 45% of peak bone mass - attained during

adolescence; by around 17 y/o, adolescents have attained approximately 90% of their adult bone mass

Milk is significant source of calcium. Alternative sources (like sardines and other small fishes eaten with bones, oyster, tofu, green vegetables, and legumes) must be taken if the teenagers do not like milk.


MINERALS: Calcium

CALCIUM

10-12 y/o 13-15 y/o 16-18 y/o

MALE 1000 mg 1000 mg 1000 mg

FEMALE 1000 mg 1000 mg 1000 mg


MINERALS: Iron Transporting oxygen in the bloodstream Prevention of anemia Need increases due to rapid growth and

expansion of blood volume and muscle mass Menstruation – additional iron needs for

females Iron needs are highest:

a. Males: Growth spurt b. Females: After menarche (compensation for blood

loss during periods)


MINERALS: Iron To meet this higher need, adolescents should

consume iron-rich animal foods (Ex. Liver and internal organs, beef, chicken, and

fish), green leafy vegetables, legumes, and nuts. If iron needs cannot be met by diet alone,

supplements may be warranted. Include vitamin C-rich foods to absorb iron better.

Vitamin C also helps maintain good defense system against common infection. Sources include citrus fruits, cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables, strawberries, papayas, lettuce, and tomatoes.


MINERALS: Iron

IRON

10-12 y/o 13-15 y/o 16-18 y/o

MALE 13 mg 20 mg 14 mg

FEMALE 19 mg 21 mg 27 mg


MINERALS: Zinc Associated with more than 100

specific enzymes Protein formation Growth and sexual maturation Serum zinc levels decline during

adolescence – rapid growth and hormonal changes


MINERALS: Zinc

ZINC

10-12 y/o 13-15 y/o 16-18 y/o

MALE 6.8 mg 9 mg 8.9 mg

FEMALE 6 mg 7.9 mg 7 mg


MINERALS Phosphorus and Magnesium

works with calcium for bone development


VITAMINS Needs for thiamine, niacin and

riboflavin correlate with energy intake; these B-vitamins are needed to release energy from carbohydrates

Males from 16-19 y/o have higher vitamin needs for A, C and B-complex


VITAMINS Vitamin A

normal vision; reproduction, growth and immune function

Vitamin E antioxidants become more important as

body mass expands during adolescence Vitamin C

synthesis of collagen and other connective tissues


WATER Needed for accelerated growth and

development of body cells; increased energy utilization and other metabolic processes, active exercise

Feeding Problems during Adolescence

Feeding Problems during Adolescence Irregular Meals and Snacking

Skipping meals caused by poor time management

Fast foods and junk foods eaten to satisfy hunger

Feeding Problems during Adolescence Establishing Body Image

Eating disorder - an obsession with food and weight that harms a person's well-being and health Anorexia nervosa- have an extreme fear of weight

gain and a distorted view of their body size and shape Intervention• The importance of food and growth, development, and

maintenance of the body should be explained to the client.

• The client must be taught how to achieve a healthy weight through an adequate diet.

Feeding Problems during Adolescence Establishing Body Image

Eating disorder When bulimia nervosa is a problem:

Intervention• Refrain from skipping meals• Avoid finger foods and select meals that require eating at

the table• Eat meals regularly timed meals consisting of variety of

foods in enough quantity• Include fresh fruits and vegetable salad• Eat more high-fiber foods• 8-10 glasses of water and• 30 mins of exercise

Feeding Problems during Adolescence Conditioning Factors of Inadequate

Dietary Intake Poverty

Inadequate intake of essential nutrients is caused by lack of budget for nutritional foods Solution: Home garden, proper budgeting

Parasitism Causes interference or holdup in the nutrient

utilization of the host or human Solution: Keep surroundings clean, practice

personal hygiene, safeguard public water supply

Adolescents with Special Nutritional Needs

Adolescents with Special Nutritional Needs The Pregnant Adolescent

Increased nutrient needs from both the pregnancy state, as well as for her growth and development

Family support and guidance counselling

Educate and encourage the pregnant adolescent to gain the recommended amount of weight

Adolescents with Special Nutritional Needs The Athlete Adolescent

Energy need and water needs are the most critical

Vulnerable to food fads and myths that say would enhance their performance

ADDITIONAL INFROMATION

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Depression, swollen breasts, water retention, feeling tired and being moody the week before the period

Tips to avoid/alleviate PMS Eat less salt and salty foods Eat less coffee, tea, colas and chocolates Have 5-6 meals a day composed of foods

from the Food Guide Exercise

Tips to lose weight for teenagers

Cut down on soft drinks, cakes, pies, candy, chips, mayonnaise, salad dressings and gravies

Choose baked or broiled food rather than fried

Exercise

THE END!

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!

Nutrition in Adolescence 302 g5

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