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Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence
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Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Mar 27, 2015

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Page 1: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Nutrition CHPT 13

Diet During Childhood

&

Adolescence

Page 2: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Inadequate Diets

• Studies show that mental ability and size of an individual are directly influenced by nutrition in the early years

Page 3: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Children ages 1-2 years old

• Children learn by imitation at this age

• The parents are the role models for their children

• Good habits must be enforced starting from this early of an age

Page 4: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Mealtime

• Should be in an enjoyable environment that is calm and relaxed

• Nutritious foods should be available at all times, snacks should be provided

• All meals should include a wide variety of foods to to ensure good intake

Page 5: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Picky eaters

• The picky group…

• Kids at this age have varying appetites, likes and dislikes they call this “food jags”

• Wt gain of a child during the 2nd year of life is only 5 pounds

Page 6: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

“NO!”

• Children at 2 y.o want to decide things for themselves

• They need guidance, not whatever they want

• Encourage high nutrient dense foods, stay away from sweets, this becomes habit

Page 7: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Milk

• Whole milk is recommended until age 2 because kids of this age don’t eat a lot of food

• Low fat milk is recommended after age 2

• Fat is necessary for growth, not fat-laden junk food

Page 8: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Salt intake

• Watch the added salt, there should be known for children of this age

• Keep foods high in sodium off of their diet plan

Page 9: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

How much should you expect a child to eat?

• For preschool kids: 1 tablespoon of food for every year of age

• If a kid is 3, then they get 3 tablespoons of food

Page 10: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Choking

• Up till the age of 4 years old, these kids are at risk to choke on the same foods that were a problem in the earlier years:

• Peanuts• Grapes• Hot dogs• Raw carrots• Candy• Thick P.B.

Page 11: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Forcing children to eat

• Can lead to :

• anorexia

• Bulimia

• Later in life

Page 12: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

As kids grow…

• In this age group of 1-2 y.o, the caloric requirement diminishes as the child gets older. This picks back up as the child starts to get into pre-teen years

• Children still need nutritious foods, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals

Page 13: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

What to limit in 1-2 y.o.’s

• Limit fruit juices

• Increase water and fiber

• Avoid excessive amounts of milk, it can crowd out other foods such as iron-rich foods leaving the child with an iron deficiency

Page 14: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Childhood obesity

• Normal ht and wt are calculated based on standardized charts

• Pediatrician can tell you where your child is on the ht and wt scale for the child’s age

• 1 in 5 kids are now overweight in the U.S.

Page 15: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

• Is seen in kids in the early years

• Insulin is needed if diet isn’t followed and if blood glucose is elevated

Page 16: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Cumulative problems related to obesity in children

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Asthma

• Sleep apnea

• Hyperlipidemia

• HTN

Page 17: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

As these kids get older…

• They are likely to suffer other ailments:

• Hip and knee problems

• Social stigma

• Depression

• Suicide attempts

• Anorexia from the peer pressure

Page 18: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

How to handle the obese child

• Offer dietician to see pt

• Discuss “My Pyramid”

• Discuss exercise regimen, offer fun activities

• Parents need education and tips that encourage kids to “move”

Page 19: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Healthy Food Options for obese child

• Health after school snacks such as:

• Fruits and veggies

• Salsa as dip

• Low-fat popcorn

• Single serving of cereal (whole grain)

• Individual bag of pretzels

• AVOID SODAS AND SUGAR DRINKS

Page 20: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Other healthful tips for parents

• Limit t.v. and computer use• Get moving yourself, it enforces good

habits• Never tell a child “he is fat”• Become familiar with “My Pyramid”• Never provide food as a comfort or as a

reward• Encourage child to drink plenty of water

Page 21: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Childhood Type 2 Diabetes

• Most obese children of ages 10-14 develop this

• Children need to see Endocrinologist to watch disease

• Dietician is also needed

Page 22: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Adolescence

Page 23: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Adolescence

• Persons between ages 13 and 20• Period of rapid growth that causes many changes• Bones grow and gain density, muscle and fat

tissue develop, blood volume increases, boys voice’s change, girls start menses

• Different changes occur in different kids, be aware of their needs as individuals, counseling may be needed for these pre-teens and teens

Page 24: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Adolescents

• Tend not to imitate adults, rather they imitate other kids

• Peer pressure is on in this age group• Keep kids involved in allowing them to

make health food choices, they will feel more independent

• Offer nutritious snacks and foods, get rid of the junk and sodas

Page 25: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Calorie and Nutrient needs

• Are increased in the teen years

• Boys need more calories than girls

• Girls need more iron than boys d/t menses

Page 26: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Anorexia Nervosa

• Is a physiological disorder seen more prevalent in girls than in boys

Page 27: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Effects of Anorexia

• Hair loss

• Low B.P

• Weakness• Amenorrhea – (stoppage of monthly menstrual

cycle)

• Brain damage

• death

Page 28: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.
Page 29: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Causes of Anorexia

• Unclear overall but is believed to be due to:

• An inordinate fear of being fat

• Those with demanding parents try and gain their own control, they choose to not eat

• Some want to resemble slim fashion models

• Overachievers and perfectionists who want control over their body

Page 30: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.
Page 31: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Odd behaviors of Anorexics

• Count calories of every bit of food they put into their mouths

• Drink large amounts of water and eat ice to feel full• Drink boiling hot water with lemon to burn taste buds• Chew up food to taste it, then spit it out to not take in the

calories• Eat large amounts of fruit only• Exercise ALL DAY LONG, performing over 2.000 sit ups

in a day• Using ketone strips to test urine, they want to be in ketosis

Page 32: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Bulimia

• A syndrome in which the pt alternately binges food and then purges by inducing vomiting, using laxatives and diuretics to get rid of ingested foods

• They are high achievers who are perfectionists, obsessive and depressed, they hide their disease

Page 33: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.
Page 34: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

• Bulimia starts in late teens into the thirties

• They binge on high calorie, high fat foods and can do this for a length of time, then they purge to feel better

• Stress increases the frequency of binges

Page 35: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Effects of Bulimia

• Not usually life-threatening

• Causes irritation in the esophagus d/t acid coming back up = bleeding

• Causes loss of electrolytes, malnutrition, dehydration and dental caries

Page 36: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Both Anorexia & Bulimia

• Cause pts to be VERY manipulative, pt doesn’t want you to know they are doing this because you will stop them

• Sneaky people• Both illnesses need psychological treatment,

usually in-patient setting works best to keep pts focused and in the watchful eyes of others

Page 37: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Being overweight…

• Lowers self esteem or one’s self worth

Page 38: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Fast Foods

• Try and discourage the consumption of these, limit these to once a week or less

• These foods contain high Na+ and high calories and fat

Page 39: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Alcohol

• Is a depressant, is addicting and is mistaken for just a happy fun time!

• Drinking impairs one’s judgment and leads to accidents and crime, sleepiness, loss of consciousness, and when too much is consumed in a short time, alcohol poisoning occurs = death

• Periods of excessive drinking can lead to alcoholism, cirrhosis, kidney and liver damage and death

Page 40: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Marijuana

• Use increases among teens• Increases appetite, especially for sweets• 1 marijuana cigarette is = to 4-5 tobacco cigarettes

because the smoke is held in your lungs longer and the lung absorbs the fat-soluble (THC) and stores it in fat

• Use of marijuana can lead to the used of there street drugs

• A.K.A. Mary Jane, weed, grass, pot, dope•

Page 41: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Cocaine

• Is highly addictive and extremely harmful• Causes:• Restlessness hallucinations• Heightened self-confidence• Euphoria loss of appetite• Irritability cardiac irregularities• Insomnia M.I.• Depression Death• Cig. Smoking is addictive• Confusion smokable form is crack

Page 42: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Tobacco

• Smokers need extra vitamins like vit C and other vits

• Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and heart disease

Page 43: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Methamphetamine

• Potent form of amphetamine• Causes Hrt, R.R. and BP to increase• Mouth is dry, swallowing is difficult• Urination is difficult, appetite is decreased• Pupils are dilated, reflexes speed up• As the drug wears off, fatigue and depression are

present• Other names: crank, speed, crystal meth, zip and

ice

Page 45: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

Athletes

• Big in the teen years• Athletes need additional:• Water – needs to be regularly replaced d/t

perspiration• Calories• B Vitamins are needed for energy metabolism• Na+ K+• Iron protein

Page 46: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

IN REVIEW

• The rate of growth slows between the ages of 1 and 10

• Adolescence is a time for rapid growth• Fast foods and fads are on the rise, limit intake of

fast foods• Alcohol and drugs have always been a problem for

teens, period of trial and error• Increase in Na+, K+, B vits and iron are needed

for the athlete

Page 47: Nutrition CHPT 13 Diet During Childhood & Adolescence.

THE END