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Nutrient Cycles
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Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle Where does Water get ‘stored’? How does water move around the world?

Dec 16, 2015

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Page 1: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Nutrient Cycles

Page 2: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The water/Hydrologic Cycle Where does Water

get ‘stored’? How does water

move around the world?

Page 3: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Oxygen Cycle Where is Oxygen

stored? What forms does it take?

How does oxygen move?

Page 4: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Carbon Cycle Carbon moves in many

ways, the biggest is through CO2

Where does CO2 come from?

Where does it go? How else does carbon

move, and where is it stored?

Page 5: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycles are bikes the use

Nitrous Oxide to shoot flames, go fast, and be awesome.

Batman Rides a Nitrogen Cycle.Batman is awesome.

Page 6: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Nitrogen Cycle Where is the the

main storage of nitrogen?

How does nitrogen become useable by organisms?

Page 7: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Nitrogen fixing/denitrifying bacteria and plants Nodules, competition, mutualisms

Trees want Nitrogen,There are a few kinds of bacteria that interact with N Nitrogen FixersDenitrifiers (they use the same nitrogen as plants)

Plants and Denitrifiers both want the same nitrogen made by the nitrogen fixers – what kind of interaction is this?

Plants cheat- they make ‘homes’ for the nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots called ‘nodules’ – what kind of interaction is this?

Page 8: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Cycle of Cycles

The cycle depends on food chains Producers and Consumers keep the cycle moving

Page 9: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Food Chains in the Carbon and Nitrogen CyclesAre Carbon and Nitrogen

found in humans/ animals/ plants?

As shown before, nutrients move up food chains (and trophic levels)

Question: If you only eat meat, That means you eat vegetables. How is this true?

Why do we even need to eat vegetables?

Page 10: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?
Page 11: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Recapin’ the Cycles How are the carbon and oxygen cycles

linked? What is the sun’s role in the oxygen,

water and carbon cycles? How do trophic levels and food webs

play into the various cycles? How do nutrients move between

inorganic and organic stores?

Page 12: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Pyramids

How is a pyramid built?

How many bricks are at the top? At the bottom? In the middle?

How hard was the pyramid to build: at the bottom, middle top?

Page 13: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Energy Pyramids

The pyramids were designed as energy capture devices: they store energy from lightning strikes and sunlight as “Energon”

When enough energy has been stored in an Energy Pyramid, it glows and can be used to send an “Energon Beacon” to the aliens who build the pyramids

Page 14: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Dangers of Energy Pyramids

Fully charged energy pyramids emit high levels of E – Ray Radiation.

This type of radiation can damage the neuropathways of the brain over time, so it is important to shield the brain with protective material

Page 15: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The Real Energy Pyramids Energy pyramids are

used to describe the flow of chemical energy in an ecosystem.

They divide organisms into different groups based on their placement in trophic levels

These are useful for understanding populations and how they change – Think back to your game of “oh deer”

Why were there so few wolves?

Page 16: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Energy FlowEnergy flows

through a pyramid

At each step, energy is lost through work as heat

What is the other source of energy in an ecosystem?

Page 17: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

The 10 x energy loss rule For each trophic level, 90% of the

energy of the previous level is lost (due to work, loss by heat etc these are the energy costs of living and hunting)

This is what limits the size of ecosystems, populations, and the number of trophic levels that can exist

Page 18: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

How many does it take? 1000 blades of grass

producers Primary consumers need

10 blades of grass to live 100 primary consumers Secondary consumers

need 10 primary consumers to live

10 secondary consumers Tertiary or Apex

predators need 10 secondary consumers to live

There can only be 1 Apex Predator

Page 19: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Energy and Matter We need both energy and matter

(nutrients) to live These two resources move in different

ways – what are those ways? Energy flows – it is used then lost and

must be remade/ recaptured by producers

Matter Cycles – It is used and moves up the food chain, and then recycled

Why?

Page 20: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Potato Power Plants? Our lights are powered by plants, our

cars, our heat comes from plants. How is this true?

Page 21: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Biomass Pyramids These are the same idea as Energy

Pyramids As you move up, mass is lost Think of our small ecosystem example –

How much does the Owl require to live? How much do all of these organisms

weigh? Does it weigh as much as all of the

sources of energy it had to eat?

Page 22: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Bio-Accumulation If carbon and nitrogen move up the food

chain, what else does? Toxins also move up food chains How does this affect organisms higher

on food chains/trophic levels? Look back to the simple ecosystem and

the Owl

Page 23: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Bio-Accumulation Pyramid

Toxins and heavy metal levels get higher as we go up the pyramid. Higher trophic levels have higher concentrations of toxins.

Page 24: Nutrient Cycles. The water/Hydrologic Cycle  Where does Water get ‘stored’?  How does water move around the world?

Why bio accumulate? Toxins and heavy metals (mercury,

DDT, Lead, Uranium etc) cannot be broken down by biological systems.

When organisms are exposed/eat these materials, they stay in their bodies because they cant break it down or pass it as waste

When they are eaten by a predator, the predator ingests the toxin and this progresses up the food chain/ trophic levels