Nuclear energy

GOOD AFTERNOON FRIENDS

THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDES – NUCLEAR ENERGY

PLEASE ENJOY THE PRESENTATION

Nuclear energy -

Low energy neutrons are bombarded on the nucleus of a heavy atom to get split into lighter nuclei with a

tremendous release of energy.

Two ways of production -

Nuclear fission -

Heavy atoms

URANIUM THORIUM PLUTONUM

The energy thus produced is used in a nuclear reactor to produce electricity

HEAT

STEAM

water

The energy produced is also used for the purpose of destruction in an ATOM BOMB

ALBERT EINSTEIN and the ATOMIC BOMB

The physicist Albert Einstein did not directly participate in the invention of the atomic bomb. But as we shall see, he was instrumental in facilitating its development

THROUGH

In 1905, as part of his Special Theory of Relativity, he made the intriguing point that a large amount of

energy could be released from a small amount of matter. This was expressed by the equation E=mc2

(energy = mass times the speed of light squared). The atomic bomb would clearly illustrate this principle.

Fatman

v

But bombs were not what Einstein had in mind when he published this equation.

The theory of relativity is what used innuclear reactors to produce electricity

Here heat energy is produced based on the equation

IN NUCLEAR FISSION

MASS > MASS

+

SO THE LOST MASS IS CONVERTED INTO ENERGY AT A RATE GOVERNED BY THE FORMULA E=MC2

NUCLEAR FUSIONFUSION MEANS JOINING LIGHTER NUCLEI TO

MAKE A HEAVIER NUCLEUS

HERE HYDROGEN ISOTOPES ARE FUSED TO CREATE HELIUM

SO IN NUCLEAR FUSION TOO MASS IS CONVERTED TO ENERGY AS THE SUM OF THE MASSES OF THE ORIGINAL INDIVIDUAL NUCLEI

IS GREATER THAN THE NUCLEUS THEN OBTAINED

CONSIDERABLE ENERGY IS NEEDED TO FORCE THE NUCLEI TO FUSE .AND THE CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR THIS PROCESS ARE EXTREME –

1.MILLIONS OF DEGREES OF TEMPERATURE.

2.PASCALS OF PRESSURE

This condition is satisfied in a star

So nuclear fusion reactions are the source of energy in

the sun and other stars

Hydrogen bomb works on this principle

But how hydrogen bomb satisfies the necessary conditions for fusion to happen?

WORKING OF A HYDROGEN BOMB

A NUCLEAR BOMB BASED ON THE FISSION OF URANIUM OR PLUTONIUM IS PLACED AT THE CORE OF THE HYDROGEN BOMB.

THIS NUCLEAR BOMB IS EMBEDDED IN A SUBSTANCE WHICH CONTAINS DEUTERIUM AND LITHIUM

WHEN THE NUCLEAR BOMB IS DETONATED THE TEMPERATURE OF THIS SUBSTANCE IS RAISED TO 10000000K IN A FEW

MICROSECONDS

THE HIGH TEMPERATURE GENERATES SUFFICIENT ENERGY FOR THE LIGHT NUCLEI TO FUSE AND A DEVASTATING AMOUNT OF ENERGY IS RELEASED

IN SHORT THE FUSION IN HYDROGEN BOMB IS FUELED BY

THE FISSION.

Nuclear energy has long posed a dilemma for environmentalists. As a cheap, clean source of power that does not use fossil

fuels or add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, it offers an appealing

alternative to power from traditional coal-fired plants. Yet nuclear energy is

associated with troubling environmental issues, including the problem of radioactive

waste disposal.

The byproduct generated from the fission of nuclear fuel in the form of uranium or plutonium creates what is called nuclear waste. This waste comes in huge variety of extremely radioactive material with half-lives ranging from 8

days to hundreds of thousands of years. In other words their radioactivity takes a really, really long time to decay, thousands of times our human life-times. These fission products if released to the environment will last a long

time, and the worst part is that it is almost impossible to decontaminate them.

SO THROUGH THE CLASSES PRESENTED BY OTHER GROUPS WE UNDERSTOOD

SOMETHING ABOUT DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY. THEIR

ADVANTAGES AS WELL AS THEIR DISADVANTAGES.

APART FROM THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY WE ALSO STUDIED THAT -

A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY IS THE ONE WHICH- IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE- IS EASY TO STORE AND TRANSPORT-USE AND EXTRACTION IS ECONOMICAL- DOES NOT CAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE- PROVIDE A LOT OF ENERGY etc

SO AS FUTURE GENERATION LET US WORK TOGETHER TO ELIMINATE THE ENERGY CRISISTHROUGH NEW IDEAS.