Notes on Justin Martyr's Apologies

Notes on Justin Martyr's "Apologies"Author(s): MIROSLAV MARCOVICHSource: Illinois Classical Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2 (FALL 1992), pp. 323-335Published by: University of Illinois PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23064328 .Accessed: 12/12/2014 10:10

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

University of Illinois Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to IllinoisClassical Studies.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 147.91.246.192 on Fri, 12 Dec 2014 10:10:46 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

9

Notes on Justin Martyr's Apologies

MIROSLAV MARCOVICH

The works of Justin Martyr are preserved virtually in a single and relatively late manuscriptthe precious Parisinus gr. 450 (= A),1 dated 11 September 1364 (f. 461r bottom). The Parisinus is copied in an easy, neat and readable hand (probably by the monk Joasaph), but it is plagued with textual gaps, corruptions, scribal errors and intrusive marginal glosses. Back in 1883, Adolf Harnack estimated that A contained some 200-300 scribal errors in the text of the Apologies alone, as compared to a tenth-century manuscript (such as is the Arethas codex, Parisinus gr. 451, copied in A.D. 914).2 But, apparently, no subsequent editor heeded Harnack's warning. The result is that we still do not have a critical edition of Justin. I present here a few remarks on the text and probable sources of the Apologies.3

Apologia Maior

1: Already the Address is typical of the textual problems involved (comprising inversion, omission and interpolation). It reads: AinoKpa-topi Ti-rtp AiXico 'A5piava> 'Avtovwo) E-dgePei EePacrccp Kaiaapt, Kal

OuT|pK5a|J.cp via) qnAxxjocpcp, Kai Aodkicd cpiXoootpra, Kaiaapoq

324 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

cxSikox; niGou|j.ev

Miroslav Marcovich 325

(ijtoKTEvvai. Read (X7toKtfjvai instead. The chapter ends with a

remark on the activity of the evil demons (5. 4): ... kcxkoui; Kai avoaiotx; 8ai|j.ova

326 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

... BeAAepcxpovniv and compare 54. 7 xov

BEAepoiv TijiEXEpcov dvGpamcov ... Kaxa xov

ovojxaxoi; 'Itioou Xpiaxou ... iaaavxo Kai exi vvv icovxai, 13. 4

av8pcojto|ievo|ia Kai *|n>jcqv 'Inaovs; Eus. Dem.

ev. 4. 10. 19 ... Kai 'It]gov5 d>vo|id^Exo, nap' oov xfjq xcov

vGpcoruvcdv vyD/cov iaaeax; xe Kai Gepaneiaq %apiv xt)v rcapoov ei|ievo

Miroslav Marcovich 327

35. 5: Kai 7taA.iv ev A.A.oi

328 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

kou dAjiGfi dljioun-ev) and 43. 6. Incidentally, read emo-ica (with Thirlby and Ashton) for the transmitted eKooTou.

44. 8 (Plato borrowed wisdom from Moses.): "2ote kou nXdtcov eijtcov "Aiiia eA-ouivou, Geoq 8' dvamoq,"7 napa Mcouaectx; tou

7tpo(priTo\) Aapwv euie- 7tpeaPuTepoTou ... TucpXoi dva|iXeyouai Kai Xeicpoi Ka0apio0TiaovTai Kai veKpoi dvaoTT|aovTai Kai 7tepi7ca-tTiaot)aiv. Read Kai veKpoi dvaainiaovTai Kai

TtepuiaxfiaoDoiv = Matthew 11.5.

54. 6 (The evil demons imitated Moses' prophecies about Christ in their myth about Dionysus.): Touxcov ouv tcdv 7ipocpr|TiKcov Xoycov

aKouoavTeq oi 8a(|iove

Miroslav Marcovich 329

addition, editors have not recognized that it is a free quotation of John 3. 4. Consequently, read "Ou 8e icai "dSvaTov ei l58aTi ...; Cyprian Ep. 63. 13 Sic autem in

sanctificando calice Domini offerri aqua sola non potest, quomodo nec vinum solum potest ...; Constit. apost. 8. 12. 37 'fioa\)Tco

330 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

Apologia Minor

1. 1 (Willy-nilly you Romans are our brothers.): ... {>7tep i>|j.cov, 6|i.oio7ta0cov vxcov kcu aSetapcov, kcxv ayvorjte Kai (itj 0eA,t|xe ...

Read rai (j.t[ 0eXt|X.

1. 2 (We Christians are being exterminated by incorrigible criminals, instigated by the evil demons.): Ilavxaxov yap, o

Miroslav Marcovich 331

vertu de la famille des Chretiens qu'il reconnait dans la nature pour etre la cause de ce delai," translates Wartelle. The words ev -xfi tpuoei speak against the interpretation a'mov EJtiixovfj^. Read instead 8 yivcdgkei ev xfi

Kai vGoibvTl K TCOV TOIO"UTCOV

7ipog(0 71 cp ..., eijtevv npoq tv 'HpaKAxa ... Read ek xwv

toictcov

332 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

8i' aiiciojirv cpoPepcov E^avayKa^ouai Kaxeutew xaxa xa

jit)0oX.OYoi5n.eva, aiixoi cpavEpax; npaxxoDoiv. Read instead ov\>avxExo( xivaq E7ii auKocpavxujc xfj ei^ Tinaq,

Kai eiq Paoavo-uq eiA-icuaav oiKexaq xwv rmexepcov ..., Kai 5i' aiKio|i.v popepcov e^avayKai^croai Kaxemelv xauxa ..., and compare Eus. HE 5. 1. 14 auvE.a|ipdvovxo e Kai eGvikoi xiveq ocexai xcov rmexepcov ...

o'i ... cpoPnGevxei; xaq

Paaavotx; ... KaxeyEajoavxo tkiSv DEoxeia SeiJiva Kai

OiSinoSeiou*; p-i^en; ...

14. 2 (By punishing us for the crimes they themselves commit our enemies only condemn themselves.): ek xo [Kai delevi] r|(j.tv, dx; xoiauxa 7ipaxxoi)ai, Gavaxov rj SEOjia f\ akXo xi xoiouxov Tipooxijxav

[Thirlby: npoaxi|iov A] eauxouq KaxaKpiveiv ... Read fi clXXq xi xouxov Jtpooxi^ov EaDxoox; KaxaKpiveiv.

15. 3 (Our doctrine is far away from the works of Sotades, Philaenis, Archestratus or Epicurus; and yet you persecute us while allowing everyone to read their works.): ... ev 8e jxri, Kav Ecoxa8e{oi

Miroslav Marcovich

jtaGcv, ev Kapvovvxtp Kaxataxn Pavonevo-o nov -fajt paKovxcov eP80(ifiK0VTa xeaoapcov ji m Htov evvea. revonevtov 8e ax> xcv iyyxiq t)nmv e^JiA-copiTcopei; eurivDoav tihiv Kai no|xjtt|iav

334 Illinois Classical Studies, XVII. 2

"four," and in line 21 evavucov for the transmitted evvoucochcov. The total number of Quads and Sarmats facing Marcus is 77 dragons = 77,000 men.

The text of lines 16-19 means, "and I had with me the armies of the

legions First and Tenth-Gemina, in addition to a limited detachment of the legion Fretense."19

Abandoned by the Roman gods, Marcus appeals to his Christian soldiers:

Wartelle (p. 222.14-19): ... TtapEKaXeoa xovi; itap' ti

(ilv X,eyop.Evo\)i; Xpiaxiavoxx;- Kal

ejcepcoxriaai; evpov 7tX.f\0oq Kai

Heyeoi; axcv, Kai EnPpi|rr|ad

(ievoi; it; avioxtq, Ttep o-uk ETtpE jie ia xo iSaxEpov ejieyvcokevcu he xtjv Svvajiiv axcv. "Oev p

^afiEvoi ov Pe.>v Tiapapxrioiv ovxe otcXwv oiixE aatatiyytov, id xo Expv Eivai x xoiovxo cu>

xoii; Sia xov 0eov, ov cpopovai Kaxa avvEiSrioiv.

Read: . . . TtapEKaXeoa io\>q itap' fi

(j.iv XeYonevov^ XptaTiavovx;, Kal

CTEptoxriaai; Eupov 7tX.f\0o^ naji HEYE0EQ aTajv, vai eh

[5]|3pinr|od|iEvoq eiq abzovq (onsp o\)K EJtpEUE Sia to iiaxEpov etce

yvcoKEvai he T-qv 8-uvajiiv auta>v). "O0ev (kp^afiE

voi oi> Pe^-tv jtapapx-uai^ ovxe

[10] onXfflv owie aaX-Jtiyytov Sia to

EXpv Eivai to toiovto avToii; Sia tov 0e6v, ov

Miroslav Marcovich

Wartelle (pp. 222.20-224.26): 'PnyavxEi; yap eamovi; ejci xtjv

yfjy ot>% -ujiep |xov |iovov eSet)

Grioav XXu leal WTtep xov jcap

ovxog axpaxEtinaxcx;, icapriYopov

yeveaGai 8i\|/ti