NORTH AMERICAN WATER LOSS CONFERENCE 2017 Water Audits 101: Compiling the Water Audit & Data Validation
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NORTH AMERICAN WATER LOSS CONFERENCE 2017
Water Audits 101:
Compiling the Water Audit & Data Validation
Agenda
19 December 2017 2
Introductions
AWWA M36 Water Audit Method
The Levels of Auditing
Tools for Water Audit Development and Compilation
Demonstration - AWWA Water Audit Software©
Validation of a Top-down Water Audit
AWWA M36
Methodology
Chronology
State Programs
Methodology Overview
19 December 2017 | 4
Water Loss
Standard
Methods
2017CA Validation Program
DROUGHTS DRIVE WATER AUDITS
TX: 2011-2014
CA: 2012-2017
GA: 2008-2010
•Using AWWA/IWA Methodology
•Review and validate• Validated using AWWA WLCC review
methods and AWWA M36 Structure
•Involve all Departments• Operations/Maintenance
• Water Billing - Finance
• Treatment Plant/Production
• Engineering
AWWA STANDARD AUDIT METHOD OVERVIEW
6
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year:
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
Master Meter and Supply Error Adjustments
WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:
Volume from own sources: 8 5,939.861 MG/Yr 6 MG/Yr
Water imported: n/a MG/Yr MG/Yr
Water exported: n/a MG/Yr MG/Yr
Enter negative % or value for under-registration
WATER SUPPLIED: 5,939.861 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration
.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered: 6 4,272.826 MG/Yr
Billed unmetered: n/a MG/Yr
Unbilled metered: 6 28.420 MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:
Unbilled unmetered: 74.248 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 4,375.494 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 1,564.367 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:
Unauthorized consumption: 14.850 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies: 2 179.219 MG/Yr 4.00% MG/Yr
Systematic data handling errors: 5 56.841 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Apparent Losses: 250.909 MG/Yr
Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 1,313.458 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES: 1,564.367 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER: 1,667.035 MG/Yr
= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains: 7 750.0 miles
Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 48,603
Service connection density: 65 conn./mile main
No
Average length of customer service line: 4 60.0 ft
Average operating pressure: 8 60.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system: 8 $19,066,115 $/Year
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 8 $4.31
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 6 $700.96 $/Million gallons
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
$/100 cubic feet (ccf)
<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->
Default option selected for unauthorized consumption - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
56.841
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 66 out of 100 ***
Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property
line?
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Reporting Worksheet
Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
City of Aurora
?
?
?
?
?
? Click to access definition
?
?
?
?
?
?
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
?
?
?
?
?
?
(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)
Use buttons to selectpercentage of water
suppliedOR
value
?Click here:
for help using option buttons below
?
?
?
?
+
+ Click to add a comment
WAS v5.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
?
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses
?
To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below
719 December 2017
Accounting Proactively
ACCOUNTING PROACTIVELY
7
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Total
System
Input
(allow
for
known
errors)
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Total
System
Input
(allow
for
known
errors)
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Real
Losses
Apparent
Losses
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Non-
Revenue
Water
Revenue
Water
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage on Mains
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Unauthorized Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Systematic Data Handling Error
AWWA WATER AUDIT STANDARD METHODOLOGY
8
THE LEVELS OF AUDITING
• Top-down (desktop)
• Component Analysis of Leakage (desktop)
• Bottom-up investigations (field data)
Level of detail, data validity
Time, Resources
Top-down
Component Analysis
Bottom-up
TOP-DOWN WATER AUDIT PROCESS
• Pulls together data and information that is readily available
• Advantages: quick to assemble to obtain a preliminary assessment of water efficiency standing (AWWA Free Water Audit Software is a top-down water audit)
• Disadvantages: for most water utilities, incomplete, cursory or suspect data occurs to some extent and limits the validity of the top-down water audit
COMPONENT ANALYSIS
• Generally conducted for leakage; can also be carried-out for apparent loss
• Leakage component analysis based around the time phases in the life of a leak• Awareness: leak run time until discovery
• Location: time to pinpoint a known leak
• Repair: time to respond and halt the leak flow
Flo
w R
ate
(G
al /
day
)
Time
ALR
20,0001.1 days
Reported Main Break:22,000 Gallons
A L R6,500
16 days Reported Utility Side Service Pipe Break:104,000 Gallons
A L R6,500
46 days Reported Customer Side Supply Pipe Break:299,000 Gallons
THE BOTTOM-UP WATER AUDIT PROCESS
• Bottom-up investigations require detailed fieldwork• Apparent Loss (e.g. Meter testing, Billing Analysis)
• Real Loss (e.g. District Metering)
Holly Pressure Zone Supply Vs. Demand January 2006
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
11 PM
12 AM
12 AM
1 AM
2 AM
3 AM
4 AM
5 AM
6 AM
7 AM
8 AM
9 AM
10 AM
11 AM
12 PM
1 PM
2 PM
3 PM
4 PM
5 PM
6 PM
7 PM
8 PM
9 PM
10 PM
11 PM
12 AM
Hour of the Day
Gal
lons
Per
hou
r
Supply
Demand
WATER AUDIT STANDARD FORMAT
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Total
System
Input
(allow
for
known
errors)
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Water
Imported
Own
Sources
Total
System
Input
( allow
for
known
errors )
Total
System
Input
(allow
for
known
errors)
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Supplied
Water
Exported
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Water
Losses
Authorized
Consumption
Real
Losses
Apparent
Losses
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
Billed
Authorized
Consumption
Non-
Revenue
Water
Revenue
Water
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage on Mains
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Unauthorized Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Systematic Data Handling Error
Agenda
19 December 2017 14
Introductions
AWWA M36 Water Audit Method
The Levels of Auditing
Tools for Water Audit Development and Compilation
Demonstration - AWWA Water Audit Software©
Validation of a Top-down Water Audit
TOOLS FOR WATER LOSS CONTROL• Manuals and Books
• AWWA Manuals of Practice
• AWWA M36 Manual, 4th Edition
• State Manuals
• Textbooks
• Water Research Foundation Reports
• Tools
• AWWA Free Water Audit Software
• AWWA Water Audit Compiler
• Water Research Foundation Leakage Component Analysis Tool
• Other
• AWWA Resource Community
AWWA M36 MANUAL AND FREE WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE
4th Edition Version 5.0
M36 4TH EDITION (2016)WATER AUDITS AND LOSS CONTROL PROGRAMS• Chapter 1 – Introduction: Auditing Water Supply Operations and Controlling Losses
• Chapter 2 – Implementation of Water Loss Control Regulatory Approaches in North America
• Chapter 3 – Conducting the Water Audit
• Chapter 4 – The Occurrence and Impacts of Apparent Losses
• Chapter 5 –Controlling Apparent Losses: Optimized Revenue Capture and Customer Data Integrity
• Chapter 6 – Understanding Real Losses: The Occurrence and Impacts of Leakage
• Chapter 7 – Controlling Real Losses: Leakage and Pressure Management
• Chapter 8 – Planning and Sustaining the Water Loss Control Program
• Chapter 9 – Considerations for Small Systems
• Appendix A – Validating Production Flowmeter Data and the Annual Water Supplied Volume
• Appendix B-E – Blank Forms, Assessing Water Resources Management, Free Software Tools from AWWA and WaterRF, Validated Water Audit Data Collection and Analysis
SUMMARY – AWWA M36 4TH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2016
• THE Water Loss Control Guide!
• Details and Promotes the AWWA Water Audit Method
• Detailed guidance on Production Flowmeter Management
• Describes cost-effective ways to control apparent and real losses; highlights the Free Leakage Component Analysis Tool
• Links the auditing process with the AWWA Free Water Audit Software
• Describes regulatory requirements and presents statistics from water audit data collection efforts
• Send your comments & questions to:
• To order a copy:
• http://www.awwa.org/store/manuals.aspx?Category=MANUALS
STATE MANUALS AND OTHER GUIDANCE• Georgia• California• Texas• Hawaii• New Mexico• Other States• US EPA• RWA
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year:
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
Master Meter Error Adjustments
WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:
Volume from own sources: 5 1,000.000 MG/Yr 1 MG/Yr
Water imported: MG/Yr MG/Yr
Water exported: 1 100.000 MG/Yr 9 MG/Yr
Enter negative % or value for under-registration
WATER SUPPLIED: 825.000 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered: 8 700.000 MG/Yr
Billed unmetered: 9 50.000 MG/Yr
Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:
Unbilled unmetered: 9 10.313 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 760.313 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 64.688 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:
Unauthorized consumption: 10 3.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies: 5 7.071 MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr
Systematic data handling errors: 4 5.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr
Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES: 64.688 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER: 75.000 MG/Yr
= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains: 7 100.0 miles
Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 1,000
Service connection density: 10 conn./mile main
Yes
Average length of customer service line: ft
Average operating pressure: 6 60.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system: 5 $1,000,000 $/Year
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 7 $3.50
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 7 $3,000.00 $/Million gallons
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:
1: Volume from own sources
2: Customer metering inaccuracies
3: Total annual cost of operating water system
Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:
$/1000 gallons (US)
100.000
<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->
Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value
5.000
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***
A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score
100.000
3.000
25.000
Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied
Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line?
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Reporting Worksheet
Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
1.000
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
?
?
?
?
?
? Click to access definition
?
?
?
?
?
?
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
?
?
?
?
?
?
(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)
Use buttons to selectpercentage of water
suppliedOR
value
?Click here:
for help using option buttons below
?
?
?
?
+
+ Click to add a comment
WAS v5.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
?
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses
?
To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it.
AWWA FREE WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE 5.0
• Inputs & Outputs separated into 2 tabs
• Meter error adjustment for all water supplied components
• Updated grading matrix and scoring
• Updated definitions
• Water Loss Dashboard
• Comments page
• Color scheme improvements
Water Audit Report for: Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
Reporting Year:
System Attributes:
Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr
+ Real Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr
= Water Losses: 64.688 MG/Yr
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 15.13 MG/Yr
Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $52,747
Annual cost of Real Losses: $148,850 Valued at Variable Production Cost
Performance Indicators:
Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 9.1%
Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 23.3% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost
Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 41.29 gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per service connection per day: N/A gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per length of main per day*: 1,359.36 gallons/mile/day
Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: N/A gallons/connection/day/psi
From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 49.62 million gallons/year
3.28
* This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
System Attributes and Performance Indicators
*** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***
?
?
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
WAS v5.0
Financial:
Operational Efficiency:
General Comment:
Audit Item
Volume from own sources:
Vol. from own sources: Master meter
error adjustment:
Water imported:
Water imported: master meter error
adjustment:
Water exported:
Water exported: master meter error
adjustment:
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
Unauthorized consumption:
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Systematic data handling errors:
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive
service connections:
Average length of customer service
line:
Average operating pressure:
Total annual cost of operating water
system:
Customer retail unit cost (applied to
Apparent Losses):
Variable production cost (applied to
Real Losses):
Use this worksheet to add comments or notes to explain how an input value was calculated, or to document the sources of the information used.
Comment
AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software:
User Comments
WAS v5.0
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
ADVANCED TOOLS
• Water Audit Software Compiler
• Leakage Component Analysis Tool
THE WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE COMPILER
• Created as part of the AWWA Water Audit Software Subcommittee work
• Can be used for two primary purposes
• Agencies wanting to trend year-to-year audits
• Regulatory authorities wanting to compile multiple systems
• Works with up to 16,000 audits in versions 4.2 or 5.0 of the water audit software
• Export feature for further analysis
22
WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE COMPILER
23
WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE WATER BALANCE LEAKAGE IS “NOT BROKEN DOWN”
LEAKAGE COMPONENT ANALYSIS DIVIDES THE LEAKAGE INTO DIFFERENT TYPES
For how long do leaks flow? At what rate do leaks flow?
LEAKAGE COMPONENT ANALYSIS
• High-level evaluation of leakage reduction techniques with economic calculations
• Uses outputs from water audit software
• Requires data on break history
• Quantifies recoverable leakage through various means
WATER AUDIT DATASET AVAILABILITY
• Publicly available
• WADI – 2011-2016 (AWWA website)
• Georgia – 2011-2013, 2015 (Georgia EPD website)
• Tennessee – 2013-2016 (Tennessee Comptroller website)
• Available upon request
• Texas
• California
• others
OBTAIN THE WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE
AND ADVANCED TOOLS…
www.awwa.org/waterlosscontrol
Agenda
19 December 2017 29
Introductions
AWWA M36 Water Audit Method
The Levels of Auditing
Tools for Water Audit Development and Compilation
Demonstration - AWWA Water Audit Software©
Validation of a Top-down Water Audit
Water Audit
Software
Version 5.0
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year:
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
Master Meter and Supply Error Adjustments
WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:
Volume from own sources: 8 5,939.861 MG/Yr 6 MG/Yr
Water imported: n/a MG/Yr MG/Yr
Water exported: n/a MG/Yr MG/Yr
Enter negative % or value for under-registration
WATER SUPPLIED: 5,939.861 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration
.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered: 6 4,272.826 MG/Yr
Billed unmetered: n/a MG/Yr
Unbilled metered: 6 28.420 MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:
Unbilled unmetered: 74.248 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 4,375.494 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 1,564.367 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:
Unauthorized consumption: 14.850 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies: 2 179.219 MG/Yr 4.00% MG/Yr
Systematic data handling errors: 5 56.841 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Apparent Losses: 250.909 MG/Yr
Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 1,313.458 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES: 1,564.367 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER: 1,667.035 MG/Yr
= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains: 7 750.0 miles
Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 48,603
Service connection density: 65 conn./mile main
No
Average length of customer service line: 4 60.0 ft
Average operating pressure: 8 60.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system: 8 $19,066,115 $/Year
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 8 $4.31
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 6 $700.96 $/Million gallons
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
$/100 cubic feet (ccf)
<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->
Default option selected for unauthorized consumption - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
56.841
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 66 out of 100 ***
Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property
line?
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Reporting Worksheet
Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
City of Aurora
?
?
?
?
?
? Click to access definition
?
?
?
?
?
?
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
?
?
?
?
?
?
(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)
Use buttons to selectpercentage of water
suppliedOR
value
?Click here:
for help using option buttons below
?
?
?
?
+
+ Click to add a comment
WAS v5.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
?
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses
?
To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below
Agenda
19 December 2017 31
Introductions
AWWA M36 Water Audit Method
The Levels of Auditing
Tools for Water Audit Development and Compilation
Demonstration - AWWA Water Audit Software©
Validation of a Top-down Water Audit
NORTH AMERICAN WATER LOSS CONFERENCE 2017
Validation: How confident am I in my data?
OUTCOMES: THE THREE
Vs
Individual Data Grades
& Overall Validity Score
Volume
Validity
Value
Volume of
Water in Each
Category
Value of Non-
Revenue Water in
Each Category
DATA GRADES
When you know better you do better.
~ Maya Angelou
DATA GRADES: WHERE DO THEY
SHOW UP?
Data Grades
EACH DATA POINT HAS ITS OWN
CRITERIA
The Data Grade for Billed Metered is Related to:
Whether customers receive volume-based billing
Meter reading practices
Meter records data handling practices
Meter replacement practices
GRADES BASED ON: POLICY,
PRACTICE & PROCEDURES
HOW DO I KNOW WHICH
GRADE TO CHOOSE?
THREE POTENTIAL MEANS OF
DETERMINING
Hover the cursor over
the red triangle in the
corner
The conditions for selecting
Data Grades will show up in
a pop-up box.
The Data Grade
pop up boxes can
be difficult to use
and systems may
have difficulty
determining the
true data grade… …so, SW EFC developed two
other methods for
determining grades
2) WATER AUDIT DATA GRADING WORKSHEETS
AVAILABLE FOR FREE FROM SW EFC
http://southwestefc.unm.edu
A COMPARISON
A NEW (BETA) GRADING
TOOLA summary of all the data grades will print out
BE HONEST ABOUT THE GRADING
The right data grade accurately reflects your
practices
OVERALL DATA VALIDITY SCORE
Your Data Validity
Score
TOOLS: Volume ValidationLOOK AT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Volume
ValidityValueDo your results makes sense?
Do you trust your
Data?
DATA ISSUES
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2016 Main Pump Reading (Gal):
2016 Total Metered Vol (Gal):
DATA ISSUES
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Gal
lon
s
Month
2016Monthly Volume Readings
Master Meter
RO Permeate
Well Meters (Adjusted)
RO Inflow
CONSIDERATIONS
90.00%
95.00%
100.00%
105.00%
110.00%
115.00%
120.00%
125.00%
130.00%
12-Dec 31-Jan 21-Mar 10-May 29-Jun 18-Aug 7-Oct 26-Nov 15-Jan 6-Mar
RO Meter Mass Balance - 2016(Permeate + Concentrate)/Inflow
NORTH AMERICAN WATER LOSS CONFERENCE 2017
Water Audits 101:
Compiling the Water Audit & Data Validation
BONEYARD SLIDES
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year:
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
Master Meter Error Adjustments
WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:
Volume from own sources: 5 1,000.000 MG/Yr 1 MG/Yr
Water imported: MG/Yr MG/Yr
Water exported: 1 100.000 MG/Yr 9 MG/Yr
Enter negative % or value for under-registration
WATER SUPPLIED: 825.000 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered: 8 700.000 MG/Yr
Billed unmetered: 9 50.000 MG/Yr
Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:
Unbilled unmetered: 9 10.313 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 760.313 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 64.688 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:
Unauthorized consumption: 10 3.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies: 5 7.071 MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr
Systematic data handling errors: 4 5.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr
Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES: 64.688 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER: 75.000 MG/Yr
= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains: 7 100.0 miles
Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 1,000
Service connection density: 10 conn./mile main
Yes
Average length of customer service line: ft
Average operating pressure: 6 60.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system: 5 $1,000,000 $/Year
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 7 $3.50
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 7 $3,000.00 $/Million gallons
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:
1: Volume from own sources
2: Customer metering inaccuracies
3: Total annual cost of operating water system
Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:
$/1000 gallons (US)
100.000
<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->
Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value
5.000
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***
A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score
100.000
3.000
25.000
Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied
Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line?
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Reporting Worksheet
Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
1.000
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
?
?
?
?
?
? Click to access definition
?
?
?
?
?
?
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
?
?
?
?
?
?
(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)
Use buttons to selectpercentage of water
suppliedOR
value
?Click here:
for help using option buttons below
?
?
?
?
+
+ Click to add a comment
WAS v5.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
?
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses
?
To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it.
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year:
All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR
Master Meter Error Adjustments
WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:
Volume from own sources: 5 1,000.000 MG/Yr 1 MG/Yr
Water imported: MG/Yr MG/Yr
Water exported: 1 100.000 MG/Yr 9 MG/Yr
Enter negative % or value for under-registration
WATER SUPPLIED: 825.000 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration.
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered: 8 700.000 MG/Yr
Billed unmetered: 9 50.000 MG/Yr
Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:
Unbilled unmetered: 9 10.313 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 760.313 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 64.688 MG/Yr
Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:
Unauthorized consumption: 10 3.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Customer metering inaccuracies: 5 7.071 MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr
Systematic data handling errors: 4 5.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr
Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr
Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)
Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr
WATER LOSSES: 64.688 MG/Yr
NON-REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER: 75.000 MG/Yr
= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered
SYSTEM DATA
Length of mains: 7 100.0 miles
Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 1,000
Service connection density: 10 conn./mile main
Yes
Average length of customer service line: ft
Average operating pressure: 6 60.0 psi
COST DATA
Total annual cost of operating water system: 5 $1,000,000 $/Year
Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 7 $3.50
Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 7 $3,000.00 $/Million gallons
WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:
PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:
1: Volume from own sources
2: Customer metering inaccuracies
3: Total annual cost of operating water system
Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:
$/1000 gallons (US)
100.000
<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->
Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value
5.000
*** YOUR SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***
A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score
100.000
3.000
25.000
Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied
Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line?
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Reporting Worksheet
Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed
1.000
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
?
?
?
?
?
? Click to access definition
?
?
?
?
?
?
Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades
?
?
?
?
?
?
(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)
Use buttons to selectpercentage of water
suppliedOR
value
?Click here:
for help using option buttons below
?
?
?
?
+
+ Click to add a comment
WAS v5.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
?
?
?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses
?
To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it.
Water Audit Report for: Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
Reporting Year:
System Attributes:
Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr
+ Real Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr
= Water Losses: 64.688 MG/Yr
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 15.13 MG/Yr
Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $52,747
Annual cost of Real Losses: $148,850 Valued at Variable Production Cost
Performance Indicators:
Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 9.1%
Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 23.3% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost
Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 41.29 gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per service connection per day: N/A gallons/connection/day
Real Losses per length of main per day*: 1,359.36 gallons/mile/day
Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: N/A gallons/connection/day/psi
From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 49.62 million gallons/year
3.28
* This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:
2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
System Attributes and Performance Indicators
*** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***
?
?
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
WAS v5.0
Financial:
Operational Efficiency:
General Comment:
Audit Item
Volume from own sources:
Vol. from own sources: Master meter
error adjustment:
Water imported:
Water imported: master meter error
adjustment:
Water exported:
Water exported: master meter error
adjustment:
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
Unauthorized consumption:
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Systematic data handling errors:
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive
service connections:
Average length of customer service
line:
Average operating pressure:
Total annual cost of operating water
system:
Customer retail unit cost (applied to
Apparent Losses):
Variable production cost (applied to
Real Losses):
Use this worksheet to add comments or notes to explain how an input value was calculated, or to document the sources of the information used.
Comment
AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software:
User Comments
WAS v5.0
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year: 2013 1/2013 - 12/2013
Data Validity Score: 60
Water Exported
75.000
Billed Metered Consumption (water exported
is removed)Revenue Water
700.000
Own SourcesAuthorized
Consumption750.000 Billed Unmetered Consumption 750.000
50.000
760.313 Unbilled Metered Consumption
0.000
900.000 10.313 Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
10.313
Water Supplied Unauthorized Consumption 75.000
Apparent Losses 3.000
825.000 15.071 Customer Metering Inaccuracies
7.071
Systematic Data Handling Errors
Water Losses 5.000
Water Imported 64.688Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution
Mains
Real Losses Not broken down
0.00049.617
Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage
Tanks
Not broken down
Leakage on Service ConnectionsNot broken down
AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance
Non-Revenue Water
(NRW)
Billed Authorized Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
(Adjusted for known
errors)
Billed Water Exported
Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
WAS v5.0
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
Water Audit Report for:
Reporting Year: 2013 Show me the VOLUME of Non-Revenue Water
Data Validity Score: 60 Show me the COST of Non-Revenue Water
AWWA Free Water Audit Software:
Dashboard
1/2013 - 12/2013
Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Vo
lum
e (
MG
/Yr)
Total Volume of NRW = 75 MG/Yr
Unbilled metered
Unbilled unmetered
Unauth. consumption
Cust. metering inaccuracies
Syst. data handling errors
Real Losses (valued at Variable Production Cost)
WAS v5.0
American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.
Water Exported
Authorized Consumption
Water Losses
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Water Exported
Water Imported
Volume From OwnSources
Water Exported
Billed Auth. Consumption
Unbilled Auth. Consumption
Apparent Losses
Real Losses
Water Exported
Revenue Water
Non Revenue Water
The graphic below is a visual representation of the Water Balance with bar heights propotional to the
volume of the audit components
Water Exported
Water Supplied
LEAKAGE COMPONENT ANALYSIS MODEL
AUDIT SOFTWARE 1 2 COMPONENT ANALYSIS MODEL
WATER AUDIT
TOTAL REAL
LOSSESBACKGROUND
REPORTED
UNREPORTED
EVALUATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES3• Location & Response Time Improvement• Pressure Management• Proactive Leak Detection
Water Research Foundation Project 4372a (2014)
Unavoidable Annual
Real Losses
LEAKAGE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
Speed and Quality
of repairs
Active
Leakage Control
Pipeline and
Asset Management
Selection,
Installation,
Maintenance,
Renewal,
Replacement
Economic Level of Real Losses
Pressure
Management
Current Annual Real
Losses
Unreported Leakage
Reported Leakage
Background Leakage
Background Leakage
LCA MODEL CALCULATES HIDDEN LOSSES BASED ON ESTIMATE OF BACKGROUND LEAKAGE
Component of Real Losses Volume
Background Leakage (estimate of ICF) A
Reported Leakage (from leak reports) B
Unreported Leakage (if any) C
Hidden Losses = remaining unreported
leakage that continues to run in the systemD
Total Real Losses *from Water Audit ∑
Hidden Losses (D) = Water Audit Total - (A + B + C)
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