NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC. EPA Region 5 Records Ctr. ^ ' * 3450 Schuylki/l Road Spring City, PA 19475-1124 (610)948-4700 237584 (610)948-4 752 (Fax) www.normandeau.com 23 July 2004 JUL26^'> Mr. Russ Cepko CBS Corporation Bloomington Project Gateway Center 11 Stanwix Street, Room 628 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-1384 SUBJECT: Fish and Crayfish Tissue Sampling for Aroclor and Lipid Analysis at Stouts Creek near Bennett's Dump Normandeau Project No. 20103.000 Dear Russ: Normandeau Associates has completed fish and crayfish sampling from three locations in Stout's Creek (Monroe County) near Bloomington. Indiana. Sampling was conducted to obtain fish tissue samples from three locations near Bennett's Dump, and crayfish samples from one location. The samples were shipped via Federal Express to En Chem Labs in Green Bay, Wisconson and AXYS Analytical Services in Sidney, British Columbia for PCB (Aroclor or Congener as applicable) and lipids analysis. Copies of all data sheets and the Chain-of-Custody forms are enclosed. Fish were collected using a pram electrofishing unit consisting of hand-held anodes and a pram- mounted cathode (McLaren/Hart 1996). Direct current was supplied from a gas-po\vered generator set at 230 volts with an output of approximately 5 amperes, depending upon the conductivity of the water at each sample location. Sample locations were as follows: Station Location BD-i Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near West Hunter Road, downstream from Bennett's Dump (upstream section) BD-2 Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near Acuff Road (middle section) BD-3 Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near its confluence with Beanblossom Creek (Mapie Grove Road) Targeted fish species were creek chub (Semotilus atromaculctus), an omnivore: Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) or longear sunfish (Lepomis megaloiis), pelagic water column feeders; and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), a bottom feeder The field effort was designed to collect fish and crayfish as follows (Viacom, 2004): Bedford, NH, Corporate Norfolk. CT Hanover. MA Haverstraw. NY Aiken. SC Lewes. DE Hampton. NH Drumore. PA Stevenson, WA Yarmouth. ME Westmoreland. NH Spring City, PA An Employee-owned Company r 1 ^
63
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NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC. EPA Region 5 Records Ctr. ^ ' *3450 Schuylki/l RoadSpring City, PA 19475-1124(610)948-4700 237584(610)948-4 752 (Fax)www.normandeau.com
23 July 2004
J U L 2 6 ^ ' >Mr. Russ CepkoCBS CorporationBloomington ProjectGateway Center11 Stanwix Street, Room 628Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-1384
SUBJECT: Fish and Crayfish Tissue Sampling for Aroclor and Lipid Analysis at StoutsCreek near Bennett's DumpNormandeau Project No. 20103.000
Dear Russ:
Normandeau Associates has completed fish and crayfish sampling from three locations in Stout'sCreek (Monroe County) near Bloomington. Indiana. Sampling was conducted to obtain fish tissuesamples from three locations near Bennett's Dump, and crayfish samples from one location. Thesamples were shipped via Federal Express to En Chem Labs in Green Bay, Wisconson and AXYSAnalytical Services in Sidney, British Columbia for PCB (Aroclor or Congener as applicable) andlipids analysis. Copies of all data sheets and the Chain-of-Custody forms are enclosed.
Fish were collected using a pram electrofishing unit consisting of hand-held anodes and a pram-mounted cathode (McLaren/Hart 1996). Direct current was supplied from a gas-po\veredgenerator set at 230 volts with an output of approximately 5 amperes, depending upon theconductivity of the water at each sample location. Sample locations were as follows:
Station Location
BD-i Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near West Hunter Road, downstream from Bennett'sDump (upstream section)
BD-2 Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near Acuff Road (middle section)
BD-3 Stout's Creek, Monroe Co., near its confluence with Beanblossom Creek (MapieGrove Road)
Targeted fish species were creek chub (Semotilus atromaculctus), an omnivore: Green sunfish(Lepomis cyanellus) or longear sunfish (Lepomis megaloiis), pelagic water column feeders; andwhite sucker (Catostomus commersoni), a bottom feeder The field effort was designed to collectfish and crayfish as follows (Viacom, 2004):
Bedford, NH, Corporate
Norfolk. CT Hanover. MA Haverstraw. NY Aiken. SCLewes. DE Hampton. NH Drumore. PA Stevenson, WAYarmouth. ME Westmoreland. NH Spring City, PA
An Employee-owned Company r1^
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
Station BD-1 6 green sunfish between 20 and 40 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 green sunfish between 20 and 40 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis3 green sunfish (largest available) fillets for 3 Aroclor analyses6 creek chubs greater than 20 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 creek chubs greater than 20 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis6 white suckers greater than 30 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 white suckers greater than 30 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis
enough crayfish greater than 5 grams each to produce 3 composite samples forwhole body Aroclor analysis
Station BD-2 6 green sunfish greater than 20 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 green sunfish greater then 20 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis3 green sunfish (largest available) fillets for 3 Aroclor analyses6 creek chubs between 25 and 55 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 creek chubs greater than 20 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis6 white suckers greater than 30 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 white suckers greater than 30 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis
Station BD-3 6 longear sunfish between 20 and 50 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 longear sunfish between 20 and 50 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis3 longear sunfish (largest available) fillets for 3 Aroclor analyses6 creek chubs greater than 20 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 creek chubs greater than 20 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis6 white suckers between 30 and 50 grams for 6 whole body Aroclor analyses3 white suckers between 30 and 50 grams for 1 whole body Congener analysis
Stream sections of several hundred meters were shocked at each station until sufficient fish werecollected to meet the study specifications.
Captured fish and crayfish were placed in aerated buckets for 24 hours, prior to sampleproduction, to purge their gut contents; or their gastrointestinal tracts were removed. Wirescreening was attached to the inside of the buckets to allow fecal material to pass through andprevent reingestion.
The fish samples analyzed for PCB Aroclors consisted of single individuals. Fish samplesanalyzed for Congeners were composites of 3 individuals each. All fish and crayfish samplescontained at least 20 grams of tissue. All replicate analyses were conducted at the respectivelaboratories. Split samples were submitted in the field as requested to Ms. Regina Bergner(Tetra Tech), who provided oversight on behalf of US EPA, and analyzed by US EPA'scontract laboratory.
Each sample and an equipment blank, were given a two-digit project identification code (BD forBennett's Dump) and a four-digit sequence number. Sample numbers were not repeated.
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
The length/weight regressions are augmented with data derived from scale samples taken fromtarget species. Scales were removed from two fish per species at each station: the longest one anda second of intermediate length. The age of each fish was determined by counting the number ofannuli, and the length of each fish following each year's growth (Murphy and Willis 1996),calculated from measurements of scale radius according to the formula:
Ln = (Lc - a / Sr * Sn) + a where:
Ln = the length at annulus (the end of each year's growth)Lc = the length at captureSr = the scale radiusSn = the radius to annulus na = the y-intercept of a regression of body length scale radii for 18 fish of the species
captured from Stouts Creek
Lastly, the stomach contents of 10 to 15 fish for each target species, at each station, were purgedand the invertebrates contained within identified and counted. Samples were produced either byforcing water through the stomach of each fish with a syringe to collect back-washed food itemsin a pan or by removal of the stomach contents by dissection. Food items were then compositedby species and sample station, preserved in alcohol, and transported to our lab for analysis.Invertebrates were identified to either genus of the lowest taxonomic level possible given their ageand condition.
Results
A total of 25 species (Table 1) was collected from Stouts Creek (all stations combined), indicatinga moderately rich fish community. Two additional species (tadpole madtom and shortheadredhorse), collected in 1998 but not in 2004, increases the total to 27. The dominant species atone or more stations were minnows: creek chub, central stoneroller, or bluntnose minnow.
At Station BD-1, 733 fish but only 11 species were collected. A community density of 31,912fish per hectare (ha) and 228.8 kilograms per hectare (Table 2), was consistent with what wouldbe expected from a stream flowing through karst topography, where productivity is typically high.Most common were creek chubs (19,156/ha, 156.3 kg/ha) that represented 60.0 percent of thenumerical total. Green sunfish 7,906/ha, 52.4 kg/ha) represented an additional 21.8 percent ofthe total. All other species comprised less than 10 percent.
At BD-1. length-frequency histograms were assembled for green sunfish and creek chubs (Figure1). An insufficient number of white suckers (the third target species) was collected to produce ameaningful histogram. Results showed that the majority of fish within these two species were toosmall to be considered harvestable by most anglers. Only 12 of 104 (11.5 pet.) green sunfishmeasured exceeded 100 millimeters (approx. 4 inches) and all were less than 150 millimeters(approx. 6 inches). Only 4 of 100 (4.0 pet.) creek chubs exceeded 150 millimeters. Using theselengths as a basis, the density of green sunfish and creek chubs most likely to be harvested at BD-1 was low. Application of the percentage of fish longer than 100 or 150 millimeters to therespective population estimates produced values of 22 harvestable green sunfish and 19harvestable creek chubs per 100-meters of stream channel.
NOHMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
At Station BD-2 channel width and surface area increased; hence, the fish community was not asconfined as was it was upstream. Increased stream gradient produced swifter current velocities;and the substrate composition changed. The streambed consisted mostly of cobble/gravel, wheresand/silt was predominant at BD-1. A species-poor community was also observed at BD-2 where10 species, and 902 fish, were collected. Community density decreased to 18,976 fish and 91.7kilograms per hectare. The dominance hierarchy changed relative to that observed upstream ascentral stoneroller became the most abundant species. Stonerollers comprised 37.5 percent( 7 , I l l / h a , 24.0 kg/ha) of the cumulative total. Co-dominant were creek chubs, a larger-sizedspecies, that represented 35.3 percent (6,768/ha, 48.7 kg/ha) of the total. Third in abundancewas blacknose dace, 13.2 percent (2,537/ha, 8.2 kg/ha).
At BD-2, length-frequency histograms were produced for green sunfish and creek chubs (Figure2). No green sunfish measured exceeded 100 millimeters. Only 2 of 100 (2.0 pet.) creek chubsexceeded 150 millimeters. Thus, the density of green sunfish and creek chubs most likely to beharvested at BD-2 was again low, 0 and 7 fish per 100 meters.
At Station BD-3 current velocity decreased and the streambed changed back to one consistingmostly of sand/silt. Community richness, near the confluence of Stouts Creek with BeanblossomCreek, was nearly twice that observed upstream. Twenty-three species were collected.However, community density further decreased to 12,089 fish and 57.1 kilograms per hectare.The dominance hierarchy changed again, as bluntnose minnow became the most abundantspecies. Bluntnose minnows represented 48.5 percent (5,872/ha, 11.7 kg/ha) of the total,followed by creek chub at 18.7 percent (2,300/ha, 8.4 kg/ha), and central stoneroller at 9.5percent (1,152/ha, 3.7 kg/ha).
Length-frequency histograms were assembled for all four target species (Figure 3). Eleven of 25(44.0 pet) green sunfish and 9 of 38 (23.7 pet.) longear sunfish measured exceeded 100millimeters. Because the population estimates for these panfish were relatively low, calculationsof the number of each species longer than 100 millimeters remained low also. The number oflarger green sunfish per 100 meters of stream channel was 11 and the number of larger longearsunfish was 9. Only 1 of 104 (1.0 pet.) creek chubs and no white suckers exceeded 150millimeters. Estimates for the number of larger fish for these species were 1 and 0 per 100meters, respectively.
Note that larger green sunfish (BD-2) and white suckers (BD-1 and 2) were collected for tissueanalysis but very few or none were found in the 100-meter stream sections established for thepopulation estimates.
Length/Weight relationships from Stouts Creek (all stations for 1998 and 2004 combined) areshown for each target species as Figures 4 through 7. The regression equations shown on thefigures can be used to calculate the weight (y variable) for any fish within the range of lengths (xvariable) encompassed by the fish submitted for analysis. For each species applicable ranges are:
Green Sunfish 90 - 155 mm Creek Chub 110-240 mmLongear sunfish 95 - 155 mm White Sucker 130-290 mm
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
A total of 72 fish and 3 crayfish samples were collected from the three stations and submitted foranalysis. A Chain-of-Custody form was included noting: the identity of the fish used for eachsample, the sample type (whole body or fillet), whether the sample consisted of a single individualor was a composite, and the sample weight.
Samples were submitted in accordance with the QAPjP Plan pertaining to this project with oneexception. Three white suckers used to produce the composite sample for Congener analysis atStation BD-3 exceeded the 30 to 50 gram size range. They were between 79 and 92 grams.
Ecological Study
To obtain information regarding species composition, population density, size distribution oftarget species, length/weight relationship of target species, and the food items selected by targetspecies, quantitative samples were collected at each station.
Methods
The electrofisher was used to produce species composition and population estimates fromrepresentative 100-meter stream sections that encompassed at least one run-riffle-pool habitatsequence at each station. A tape was used to delineate this length, and a series of 10 widthmeasurements were averaged to calculate the respective surface areas sampled (in hectares: 1hectare = 2.47 acres). Depletion data from three consecutive capture efforts at each station wereregressed to produce population estimates for each species and for all species combined (VanDeventer and Plaits 1983). Source data included the total length and weight of each fish and thecumulative weight of all fish collected for each species. Results were calculated as the number offish per 100-meters of stream channel, and the number of fish and biomass per hectare. Anyadditional species collected from the greater shocking effort employed to obtain target fish fortissue analysis, but not present in the 100-meter stream sections used for the depletion estimates,were noted.
Length-frequency distribution, in 5-millimeter increments (by station) for the four target speciesare shown as a series of histograms. Each histogram displays the data for the first 100 fish(approx.) measured from each species. If fewer than 100 individuals were captured fromparticular species, all were included. Note that lengths were taken for non-target species andlength-frequency distributions can be derived for those as well.
The length/weight relationship for each target species (all stations combined) is shown as a seriesof regression plots. Data used to produce the plots were taken from fish submitted for tissueanalysis. To provide enough data to produce meaningful plots, lengths and weights recordedfrom a nearly identical collection effort at the same three stations in 1998 were pooled with thesedata from 2004 Plots are given for both natural log (In: base e) transformed and untransformeddata.
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
As an example: the formula: y = 3.375x - 12.418, from Figure 5a for the two longear sunfishlengths shown on Table 3 produces the following weights:
The calculated weight of 27 grams, for the 105-millimeter longear, compares well with theweight measured in the field of 28 grams (see Table 3). For the 155-millimeter fish, thecalculated weight of 99 grams differs from the field measurement by 12 grams, showing thatweights of individual fish of equal length can vary. Regression equations average this intra-specific variance. The most accurate results will be obtained by using log (natural log: base e)transformed length data. Correlation coefficients (R2) for the regressions shown on figures 4a,5a, 6a, and 7a range between 0.84 and 0.96 so the formulas are accurate.
Table 3 provides length calculations for target species following each year of growth, referred toas mean length at annulus. That is, the analysis correlates age and length. These results aresummarized as follows:
Mean Length at Annulus (mm)Species Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
The results of the stomach contents analysis are given in Table 4. The analysis was interesting inthat it showed a considerable degree of resource partitioning between the different species. Creekchubs, the omnivore, were feeding mostly on aquatic earthworms (Lumbriculidae) and crane flieswithin the genus Tipula; relatively large-sized invertebrates found in depositional habitats.Stomach contents from the bottom feeding white suckers contained smaller sized items, mostlymidges (several genera in the family Chironomidae) and a crustacean in the genus Lirceus, bothfound in depositional areas. Resource partitioning was also indicated from the contents of the twopelagic feeding sunfish species. The diet of green sunfish consisted mostly of Lirceus andLumbriculidae, while chironomids were the predominant food item found in the longear sunfishstomachs.
The diet of all target species was comprised mostly of forms adapted to depositional environments(Merritt and Cummins 1996) where fine sediments and paniculate organic matter accumulate, andthe potential for sorption of PCB molecules is relatively high.
Sincerely, L
George M. Christian(Project Biologist)
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
References:
Merritt R. W. and K. W. Cummins, editors. 1996. An introduction to the aquatic insects ofNorth America, 3rd edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa.
McLaren/Hart, 1996. Field procedure no. 23: Protocol for evaluating fish populations andsampling fish tissue. ChemRisk (a Division of McLaren/Hart), Portland, Maine, 4October 1996.
Murphy, B. R., and D. W. Willis, editors. 1996. Fisheries techniques, 2nd edition. AmericanFisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1998. Fish and crayfish tissue sampling for aroclor and lipidAnalysis near Neal's Landfill and Bennett"t Dump (letter report). Normandeau (ProjectNumber 17750.000), Spring City, Pennsylvania, 6 May 1998.
Van Deventer, J. S., and W. S. Platts. 1983. Sampling and estimating fish populations fromstreams. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference48: 349-354.
Viacom, Inc. 2004. QAPjP, Volume XXXIX: Bennett's Dump, Stout's Creek fish, water, andsediments sampling and analysis plan. Viacom. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Spring 2004.
Table 1. Fish Collected from Stouts Creek, Monroe County, Indiana near Bennetts Dump.
1) The total number of species captured at each station was derived by adding any additional species from the shockingeffort expended to collect fish for tissue analysis to those from the population estimate. These are denotedwith a P (present) but are not quantified. Two additional species (tadpole madtom and shorthead redhorse) werecollected from Stouts Creek in 1998 but not in 2004.
Table 2. Population estimates calculated from fish data collected from Stouts Creek during 25 - 27 May 2004.Estimates are presented for each species and for all species combined.
Figure 1.Length Frequency Distribution of Green Sunfish at North
Hunter Road (Station BD #1)I Green Sunfish
Length (mm)
Length Frequency Distribution of Creek Chubs at NorthHunter Road (Station BD #1)
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GENERAL FISHERIES INFORMATION SHEETClient >Job Number:Location (General):,Location (Specifier. &) - ?Sample Date: AS. M /tftyGear Type: '£,0 A A^Purpose of Sample /f# A*
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NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.RMC ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DIVISIONAQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY Client: i t f f rv>^
3450 Schuylkill RoadSpring City, PA 19475-1124(610)948-4700 • Fax: (610)948-4752
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fe^ \/ rt /j \j -^Samples Were: V*f'Jy /fef
1. Sfiippffdor hand delivered 2. ^hrtTe^or ambient 3. Received broken / leaking 4. Received within holding times 5. Discrepancies between sample labels apd-OSC. record?NoTes:' Notes: Yes No Yes No Yes No ^' \
COC Tape Was: 1. Present on outer package 2. Unbroken on outer package 3. Present on sample 4. Unbroken on sample f jf~ / — j \Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No ( /\ ' }
*Matrix Codes:S - soil GW - ground waterSE - sediment ST - stormwaterSL - sludge PW - processed waterO - oil DW - dilution waterWW - waste water RW - receiving waterSW - surface water X - other
Samples Were:1. , Shipped or hand delivered 2. (CRiDedor ambient 3. Received broken / leaking 4. Received within holding times 5. Discrepancies between sample labels and COC record?
'Notes^ N6Te<r' Yes No Yes No Yes No ^._ — ^COC Tape Was: 1. Present on outer package 2. Unbroken on outer package 3. Present on sample 4. Unbroken on sample ./ / ff \
*Matrix Codes: £fi?l'ifc^S - soil GW - ground>taterSE - sediment ST - stormwaterSL - sludge PW - processed waterO - oil DW - -d^^44w)n waterWW - waste water RW - receiving waterSW - surface water X - other
Samples Were:t ~ShJ£gj|!'d or hand delivered 2.>-eri'frteekor ambient 3. Received broken / leaking 4. Received within holding times 5. Discrepancies between sample labels and_COC record7
"Notes: StoWS: Yes No Yes No Yes No s^S~~~~'~^\COC Tape Was: 1. Present on outer package 2. Unbroken on outer package 3. Present on sample 4. Unbroken on sample / r?x/>~7 \
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No / ' f) / J__^_ 1 J*^ j/
\A/hi»o Ortn.,
FISH SAMPLING -KEELD DATA SHEET (FRONT)page / of 2
STREAM NAME <?r LOCATION A///**'STATION * / RB'rRMILx STREAM CLASS
LA LONG RIVER BASIN
STORET # AGENCY
2EIESURVEV
GEAR INVESTIGATORS—iKiASONFOlJ SURVEYFORM COMPETED BY DATE
TIME
SAMPLECOLLECTION
HABITAT TYPES
GENERALCOMMENTS
How were tht fish captured? Dbackpaci: Unfits barge
Block nets used? D YEE QHSfT
Sampling Ituration Start timf o<1ff End time /o^>
Stream width (in meters) Ma:: Mean "2.i¥/*t
Indicate the percentage of each habitat type presentQRifilw % D Pools % DRuTis % D SwigsD Submerped MacrotibvtcE % D Other i )