Normanization of England Presented by: Presented to: Chandan datta(12216007) Keya Chakraborty Sathi afroz(12216004) Lecturer Farhana mosharof(12216010) Department of English Umme kulsum(12216001) University of Asia Pacific Fauzia akter Bippi(12216013) Semester 1/2(spring) Department of English University of Asia Pacific Welcome to our Presentation
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In 911, French ruler Charles the Simple allowed a group of Vikings to settle in northern France, a region that was experiencing extensive Viking resettlement.
Their settlement proved successful, and the Vikings in the region became known as the Northmen(i.e. Norman) from which the place name Normandy is derived.
The Norman
Settlement of the Scandavian
Events in the Norman Conquest
William I, the Conqueror (1066-87)William II, Rufus (1087-1100)Henry I, Beauclerc (1100-35)Stephen (1135-54)Empress Matilda (1141)Henry II, Curt mantle (1154-89)Richard I, the Lion heart (1189-99) John, Lockland (1199-1216)Henry III (1216-72)Edward I, Long shanks (1272-1307)Edward II (1307-27)Edward III (1327-77)Richard II (1377-99)
Norman Kings
Competition for the CrownDeath of king: Edward the
confessor January 1066
Succession: Harold Godwinson Bother-in-law of
Edward
Norman preparations and forces
William assembled a large invasion fleet and an army gathered from Normandy and all over France, including large contingents from Brittany and Flanders. He mustered his forces at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme and was ready to cross the Channel by about 12 August. The exact numbers and composition of William's force are unknown.A contemporary document claims that William had 726 ships, but this may be an inflated figure
.
Although the army and fleet were ready by early August, adverse winds kept the ships in Normandy until late September. There were probably other reasons for William's delay, including intelligence reports from England revealing that Harold's forces were deployed along the coast. William would have preferred to delay the invasion until he could make an unopposed landing.
Edward the Confessor He was half-Norman by birth
and had spent most of his life in Normandy; he appointed Normans to important positions in the state . England was already half 'Normanized' before the Norman Conquest of 1066.
Across the Channel in Normandy, а loud protest was heard. According to Duke William, Edward the Confessor had made the same promise to him; what was more, Harold had already accepted William's claim during а visit to Normandy two years before.
The Battle of Hastings� 14 October 1066
Army of 20000 Norman warriors
Combination of different arms
Offensive strategy
Harold’s army Harold's army was badly
depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.
Harold Godwinson
The second most powerful man in England and an advisor to Edward.
With this kingly endorsement, the Witan (the council of royal advisors) unanimously selected Harold as King
Hardrada of Norway struck first. In mid September, Hardrada's invasion force landed on the Northern English coast.
Defeated by Harold Resting after his victory, Harold received word of
William's landing near Hastings.
Stamford Bridge Battle
The Tactics William swept across the
Channel with his army and landed near Hastings. Harold was in the north, where he invasiond just defeated а Norse, but he hurried south and, brave but foolish, offered battle. His men were tired and he would have done better to have starved the Normans out. Still, his position on а hill was а strong one, until the Normans, pretending to r un away, lured the English down the hill.
Two invasions:
Harald Hardrada of Norway
William, the duke of Normandy
Consequences
Elite replacement
English emigration
Governmental systems
LanguageImmigration
and intermarriage
Society
Elite replacementNear-total elimination of the old English
aristocracy.Loss of English control over the Catholic
Church in England.Natives purged from high governmental and
ecclesiastical office, replaced by Normans
Consequences
Literature
Old English topics French ones
RomanceAllegory
Popular tales
• Exempli• Fabliau• Bestiaries• Chronicles
Intermarriage common among all levels of societyPopulation Bigger cities and townsRural Society changed.Kept the country profitable
Society
Arts Norman stonework The Bayeaux Tapestry Clunaic reform: recovery
of consecrated scriptoria.
Before the Normans arrived, Anglo-Saxon governmental systems were more sophisticated than their counterparts in Normandy. All of England was divided into administrative units called shires, with subdivisions; the royal court was the centre of government, and royal courts existed to secure the rights of free men. Shires were run by officials known as shire reeves or sheriffs. England had a permanent treasury at Winchester before William's conquest.
Government system
Feudal system
One of the most obvious changes was the introduction of Anglo-Norman, a northern dialect of Old French, as the language of the classes in England, displacing Old English. This predominance was further reinforced and complicated in the mid-twelfth century by an influx of followers of the Angevin dynasty, speaking a more mainstream dialect of French.
Language
Architecture
800AD – 1100 AD Origins: The Bizantine
Empire New kind of buildings,
materials and techniques
The Motte and Bailey Castles
Castle
FearSubmission
Wealth Envy
The Norman perspective Justification of the
illegitimate invasion
Harold slain with an arrow through his eye
Elite replacementChange on governmental system FeudalismLanguage: Crenchó – Latin – EnglishCastles introduced in EnglandLaws passed to give normans more powerChange of buildings’ styleArmy occupation in much of the countryEnglish bishops and monks Norman bishops and
monks
Summary
The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England by a foreign claimant. Others have tried – such as the Spanish, the French, the Germans – are failed. We can therefore look back on the Norman Conquest as helping to shape the England of the present. The importance of 1066 is seen in the permanence of those changes.