National Overall Reference Architecture (NORA) – Handbook e-Government Program (Yesser)
Apr 13, 2017
National OverallReference Architecture(NORA) – Handbook
e-GovernmentProgram (Yesser)
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National Overall Reference Architecture (NORA) – Handbook
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National Overall Reference Architecture (NORA) – Handbook
1. Introduction 6
1.1 Document purpose 6
1.2 NationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Framework 6
1.3 GoalsofNORA 7
1.4 FeaturesofNORA 8
1.5 ObjectivesofNORA 8
1.6 DefiningAPurposeforAgencyEA 9
1.7 NORAMethodology 12
1.8 NORAandNEAFramework 15
2. Stage1-DevelopEAProjectStrategy 16
2.1 StageSummary 16
2.2 StagePurpose 16
2.3 StageInitiation 16
2.4 KeystepsinStage1 17
3. Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan 20
3.1 StageSummary 20
3.2 StagePurpose 20
3.3 StageInitiation 21
3.4 KeyStepsinStage2 21
4. ContinuesGovernance 23
4.1 PurposeofGovernance 23
4.2 OutcomeofGovernance 23
4.3 GovernanceInitiation 24
4.4 KeyAreasinGovernance 24
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5. Stage 3 – Analyze Current Stage 30
5.1 StageSummary 30
5.2 StagePurpose 30
5.3 Stageinitiation 31
5.4 KeyStepsinStage3 31
6. Stage4–DevelopEAFramework 34
6.1 StageSummary 34
6.2 StagePurpose 34
6.3 StageInitiation 35
6.4 KeyStepsinStage4 35
7. Stage5BuildReferenceModels 37
7.1 StageSummary 37
7.2 StagePurpose 37
7.3 StageInitiation 38
7.4 AboutNEAReferenceModels 38
7.5 KeyStepsinStage5 41
8. Stage6-BuildCurrentArchitecture 44
8.1 StageSummary 44
8.2 StagePurpose 44
8.3 StageInitiation 45
8.4 KeyStepsinStage6 46
9. Stage7–BuildTargetArchitecture 69
9.1 Stagesummary 69
9.2 Stagepurpose 69
9.3 Stageinitiation 70
9.4 Keystepsinstage7 71
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10.Stage8–DevelopTransitionPlan 84
10.1Stagesummary 84
10.2Stagepurpose 84
10.3Stageinitiation 85
10.4Keystepsinstage8 85
11.Stage9–DevelopManagementPlan 88
11.1Stagesummary 88
11.2Stagepurpose 88
11.3Stageinitiation 88
11.4Keystepsinstage9 89
12. Stage 10 – Execute and Maintain 91
12.1StageSummary 91
12.2StagePurpose 91
12.3StageInitiation 92
12.4KeyStepsinStage10 92
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1. Introduction1.1 Document purpose
ThepurposeofthisdocumentistodescribeandelaboratetheNationalOverallReferenceAr-chitecture(NORA)thatwillbeusedasaguideforgovernmentagenciestodeveloptheirownEnterpriseArchitecture(EA).Thisdocumentalsodescribes,tosomeextent,howNORAislinktotheoverallNationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Framework.
1.2 National Enterprise Architecture (NEA) Framework
TheNationalEnterpriseArchitecture(NEA)Frameworkisakeyelementforthenationale-Gov-ernmentenvisionedtoincorporateafederateapproachtoenterprisearchitecturefortheKing-domofSaudiArabia(KSA).NEAFrameworksupportstheidentificationofre-usablecomponentsandservices,andfacilitatesabasisforInformationTechnology(IT)investmentoptimization.Inaddition,NEAenablesmorecost-effectiveandtimelydeliveryofe-servicesthrougharepositoryofstandards,principlesandreferencemodelsthatassistinthedesignanddeliveryofbusinessservicestocitizens,residents,commercialestablishmentsandinter-governmentcollaboration.
Figure 1 NEA Framework
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1.3 Goals of NORA
ThegoalsofNORAareasfollows.
• DefinescopeandrequirementsoftheEAatthegovernmentagencies
• HelpgovernmentagenciestohaveasmoothandeffectiveEAimplementation
• Ensurequalityofgovernmentagency’sEAthroughsystematicprocessesandrecommenda-tions
• Alignmentofagency’sEAwithSaudigovernmentnationalarchitectureandNationalActionPlanstofacilitatewholeofgovernmentapproach
• FacilitateEAutilization,promotionandcapabilitybuildinginthegovernmentagencies.
1.4 Features of NORA
ThemainfeaturesofNORAare:
• AsaguideforEAdevelopment,itiswrittenfromthegovernmentagencies’perspective
• AllstagesintheEAlifecyclearedescribedtosomedetailtoprovideclaritytothegovernmentagencies
• BalancedapproachinEAdevelopmentthatfocusesbothonprocessesandtheproductionofstandardartifactsordeliverables
• Examplesandexampleoutputsareprovidedtoaidunderstanding
• Highlycustomizabletosuitvariedrequirementsofdifferentgovernmentagencies.
1.5 Objectives of NORATheobjectivesofNORAareasfollows:• ToguidegovernmentagenciesintheirdevelopmentofEAs
• TospeedupEAdevelopmentwithqualityoutputs
• ToensureEA ingovernmentagenciesarealignedwiththeire-GovernmenttransformationandITplans.
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1.6 Defining A Purpose for Agency EA
Inalignmenttothestrategic2ndSaudie-GovernmentActionPlan,everygovernmentagencyisexpectedtohaveane-transformationroadmapthatwouldpavethewayforadvancementofdeliveringgovernmentservices.EAisanexcellenttoolforplanningaswellasimplementingthise-transformationroadmap.
GovernmentagencieshavetofindanddeterminethemostimportantdriverormotivationtodeveloptheirveryownEA.ThefollowingtableliststhecommondriversandthecorrespondingobjectivestodevelopEA.ThesecommonscenarioswillinfluencetheuseofNORAasaguide-linetodevelopEAforagencies.
Drivers EA Objectives - Values
Lackofgovernanceandprioritization Comprehensiveunderstandingof agency-wideper-spective, including itsproblems,challenges, invest-mentsandopportunities
Lackofagencywideinformation ITstandardization,withdetailinformationandinter-relationshipsbetweenbusinessandtechnologies
Nointegrationamongdepartments Noduplicationofinvestmentsandsystems;integra-tionofwork resulting in efficiency and better cus-tomerservice
Duplicatedinvestments Preventinvestmentsandworkduplication
Ineffectivenessandinefficiencyinpublicservicedelivery
Understand agency weaknesses; integrated ap-proachtoimproveagency’sproductivityandpublicservicedelivery
Nostandardoperations Implementqualitybusinessandserviceoperations
Notechnologystandards Interoperabilityofsystemsandprocessesintheagency
Investingcapitalandprocurementcosts EffectiveinvestmentsthatalignbusinessandIT
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Whilegovernmentagenciesmayhavedifferentmotivations,therearealsocommonpurposessharedamongallgovernmentagencies.ThefollowingarethetopreasonsforembarkingonEAjourney:
• Implementinge-Governmenttransformationroadmap
• OptimizingITinvestments
• ReducingITcosts
• AligningITtogovernmentbusiness.
AsEAisawideprogramwithanon-goingorcontinuousjourney,itispossiblethatgovernmentagencieswillrequirespecificpurposes,overtime,toreviewandimprovetheirEAssuchasthefollowingexamples:
• Standardizationandinteroperabilityofservices,ITapplications,dataandinfrastructure
• Selectionand/orprioritizationofprojectsinthegovernmentagencyforfundingandimple-mentation
• Buildingnewcapabilitysuchasimprovingcustomerservice,makingbusinessprocesseseffec-tive,andagency-wideadoptionofmobileapplicationsanddevices
• ImproveandintegratebusinesscriticalgovernmentservicesandbusinessfunctionsthroughBusinessProcessRe-Engineeringandautomation
• DevelopmentofITResourceManagementandITPortfolioManagement.
1.7 NORA Methodology
NORAmethodologyisbasedonalifecycleconsistingoftenmajorstages.Theexecutionofthestagesareinsequence,howeveritcanbetailoredtosuitthepurposeofagencyEA.Eachstagehas its own architecture artifacts or deliverables. InNORA, a continuous set of governanceactivitiesarecarriedoutthroughouttheninestages.Figure2belowillustratestheNORAMeth-odology.
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Figure 2 NORA Methodology
ContinuousGovernance(applicableduringallstages)
AsEAisamassiveandlong-termproject,thereareboundtobemanychallengesandissues.Itisvital,therefore,thattheEAgovernanceworkisalsoaddresstoensurethesuccessoftheproject.TheEAgovernanceiscontinuous-coveringactivitiessuchasprogrammanagement,changemanagement(includingEAawarenessandpromotion),capabilitymanagement(specifictrainings,toolsandnewprocesses),performancemanagement(newKPIsandstandards)andpolicymanagement.
Stage 1 – Develop EA Project Strategy
Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiestoresearch,planandobtainapprovaltoembarkontheEAproject.EachgovernmentagencyhastoobtainitsprojectfundingandtoeitherdevelopitsEAinternallyoroutsource.
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Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan
HavingestablishedanapprovedEAProjectStrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutthedetailedplanfortheEAproject.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinvolvedindevelop-ingandobtainingapprovalfortheEAproject.
Stage 3 – Analyze Current State
WiththeapprovedEAprojectplaninplace,thegovernmentagencycanstarttheactualworkbyanalyzingitscurrentstate–bothintermsofbusinessandIT.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinreviewingandanalyzingthedifferentaspectsofthecurrentstateofthegovern-mentagency.
Stage 4 – Develop EA Framework
This isthestagewhereagovernmentagencystartstodevelopitsEA. Inthisstage,thegov-ernmentagencyconstructsthemainpillarssuchasEAvision&mission,architecturegoals&principles, EAFramework, taxonomy,andother related standards that is fundamental to itsEAjourney.ThegovernmentagencyshouldfocusonbuildingqualityEAframeworkandotherrelevantprocesses.
Stage 5 – Build Reference ModelsBasedontheEAframeworkdevelopedpreviously,thisstageisallaboutbuildingthereferencemodelssothatagovernmentagencycanhavestandardviewsandtaxonomiesofkeyorganiza-tionalassetsandprocessessuchasbusiness,application,dataandtechnologydomains.
Stage 6 – Build Current Architectures
ThefocusofthisstageisincapturingthecurrentarchitecturesofthegovernmentagencysothattheagencycanclearlyunderstanditsITandbusinesslandscapes.Thiswouldallowabet-tervisibilityoftheinterconnectionsamongdifferentarchitecturesandcomponents,andaidinanalyzingtheagency’sissues,challengesandopportunitiesrelatingtobusiness,information/dataandtechnologies.
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Stage 7 – Build Target Architectures
Withthecompletionofthegovernmentagency’scurrentarchitectures,thisstagedevelopsthetargetarchitectures.Asablueprintforthegovernmentagencytorealizeitsgoalsanddesiredoutcomesin3to5years,thetargetarchitecturedefinestheimprovedbusinessandITland-scapes.
Stage 8 – Develop Transition Plan
Withthecompletionofthevarioustargetarchitecturesinthepreviousstage,itisnowimpor-tanttoplanandmanagethetransitionrequiredfromthecurrent landscapestothedesiredtargetlandscapes.
Stage 9 – Develop EA Management Plans
ThisstageisaboutdevelopingtheEAusageandmanagementplanssothatEAprocessesandvaluesbecomeanintegralpartoftheagencystandardoperatingprocedures.Toensurecontin-uedEAvaluedeliverytothegovernmentagency,itisnecessaryandimportanttoincorporateEAmanagementplansintothegovernmentagency.
Stage 10 – Execute & Maintain
ThisisthelaststagewhereagovernmentagencyexecutesandmaintainsitsEA.HavingcoveredmanystagesintheEAjourney,thislaststageconcernswithtakingactionstomakethegovern-mentagency’sEAintoareality.
1.8 NORA and NEA Framework
WhengovernmentagenciesdeveloptheirEAsaccordingtoNORA,notonlydotheydelivertheirownEAs,butalsoitensuresthatallEAdevelopmentcomplieswiththeoverallNEAFramework.
NORA allows government agencies to complywith and align to the national e-Governmenttransformationplanandinitiatives,itaidsgovernmentagenciestoshareapplicationsandinfor-mation,andtodevelophighlyintegratedbusinessfunctionsandservicesthatdelightcitizensandbusinesses.
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2. Stage 1- Develop EA Project Strategy2.1 Stage Summary
Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiestoresearch,planandobtainapprovaltoembarkontheEAproject.EachgovernmentagencyhastoobtainitsprojectfundingandtoeitherdevelopitsEAinternallyoroutsource.
2.2 Stage Purpose
Laythefoundationofagovernmentagency’sEAimplementationjourneywithcleardirectionsandcommitments.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:
• Increasethegovernmentagency’sEAawareness–fromtopmanagementtotheoperationsstaff
• DefineandcommunicateEAgoalsanddirections
• ObtainmanagementapprovaltoembarkontheEAjourney
• StageInitiation.
2.3 Stage Initiation
Yesserwillcommunicatewiththee-TransformationCommitteeineachgovernmentagencytoinitiatetheagencyEAimplementation.GovernmentagenciescanalsorequestanddiscusswithYessertoinitiatetheirEAprogram.
2.4 Key steps in Stage 1
Preparationisanimportantstagethatrequiresdiligentresearchandplanning.ThisisthefirstmajorsteptoembarkEAinthegovernmentagency.Thekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliver-ablesinStage1areshownintablebelow.
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No Description Deliverable
1 Develop EA Project Strategy GovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategy
1.1
Analyze EA trends and case studies(bothinternationalandlocalagencies;alsoacrosssamelineofbusiness/Busi-nessfunctioninBRM)
DocumentrelevantEAtrendsandcasestud-iesrelatingtothegovernmentagency
1.2
ProvideEAawarenesstogovernmentagency’sbusinessandITleaders
(Governmentagenciescan inviteYes-sertobriefonNEA)
UnderstandtheimportanceofEA
1.3
Assess government agency’s e-trans-formationmaturity(ViaQiyas) and itsalignment of IT to the governmentbusiness
Submit and present the assessment re-porttothee-TransformationCommitteeorequivalent. The assessment shall describetheagency’s:
1. Maturityofitse-transformation
2. Effectivenessofitsbusinessfunctions
3. MaturityonITadoption
4. Agency’scapabilityonbusinessproductiv-ityanduseofIT.
1.4Document government agency’s EAprojectstrategy
DraftGovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategy
1.5PresentandobtainapprovalfortheEAprojectstrategy
ApprovedGovernmentAgency’sEAProjectStrategybyitse-TransformationCommitteeorequivalent
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TheEAProjectStrategyshouldfocusonstrategicandlong-termoutcomesforthegovernmentagency.Inthenextstep,amoredetailedEAProjectPlanwillbecreated.Forthisstep,theEAProjectStrategyshouldcoverthefollowingtopics:
1.TheEAValuePropositionsorPurposes
2.GoalsorObjectivesoftheEAProject
3. ScopeandScheduleoftheEAProject
4.EADevelopmentConsiderationsandApproach(includingphase/gradualdevelopmentstrat-egyandsourcingmethodi.e.In-HouseorOut-Source)
5.EstimatedCostandResources(Staff)Requirements.
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3. Stage 2 – Develop EA Project Plan3.1 Stage SummaryHavingestablishedanapprovedEAProjectStrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutthedetailedplanfortheEAproject.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivitiesinvolvedindevelop-ingandobtainingapprovalfortheEAproject.
3.2 Stage Purpose
ThegovernmentagencyhastostructureandformappropriateEACoreteam(s)anddevelopthedetailedEAprojectplan.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:
• Clarifyrolesandresponsibilitiesofmanagementandthevariousworkingteams
• ClarifythegovernanceandmanagementofEAinthegovernmentagency
• Obtainmanagementapprovalandcommitmentonthegoals,schedulesandresourcestode-velopandimplementtheEA.
3.3 Stage Initiation
ThisstagebeginswiththeendorsementorapprovaloftheEAProjectStrategyinStage1.
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3.4 Key Steps in Stage 2
Followingtablesummarizesthekeystepsinstage2.
No Description Deliverable
2 Develop EA Project Plan GovernmentAgency’sEAProjectPlan
2.1 Uponapproval of theProject Strategy(Step1.4),proposeandsetupthevari-ousEAcommitteesandteamssuchasEAGovernanceCommittee,EAWorkingTeam,Business-DomainWorkingTeamandtheITWorkingTeam.
Approved EA committees and workingteams by the e-Transformation Committeeorequivalent
2.2 FinalizetheEAdevelopmentapproachsuch as scope, budget, schedule, andincluding outsourcing or insourcing ofthe Government Agency’s EA imple-mentation. Also include the adoptionof EA culture into all aspects of busi-nessandITplanningandreviews
Approved EA development approach by e-transformationcommitteeorequivalent
2.3 UponapprovalofSteps2.1&2.2, theEAworkingteamwilldocumentthede-tailedEAProjectPlan
DraftEAprojectplan
2.4 PresentandobtainapprovalfortheEAprojectplan
ApprovedEAprojectplanbytheEAGover-nanceCommittee
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4. Continues Governance4.1 Purpose of Governance
WiththeapprovedEAprojectplanbytheEAGovernanceCommitteeinthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamscanembarkonthedetailEAwork.AsEAisamassiveandlong-termproject, thereareboundtobemanychallengesand issues. It isvital, therefore,thattheEAgovernanceworkisalsoaddresstoensurethesuccessoftheproject.
ThepreviousstagehasdefinedherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheEAGovernanceCommittee.Hence,thepurposeoftheEAgovernanceisveryclear,i.e.tosteeranddirecttheEAprojecttosuccessfullymeetthegovernmentagency’svision,missionandstrategicgoals.RecommendedthattheEAGovernanceCommitteereporttothee-TransformationCommitteeoroneofthee-TransformationCommitteememberstochairtheEAGovernanceCommittee.
4.2 Outcome of Governance
Theoutcomesofthecontinuousgovernanceare:
1.Up-to-dateprojectreportingonschedules,budget,progressandchallenges
2.Pro-activeandtimelyreviewofdeliverablesandartifacts(insteadofreactivemanagement)
3.Top-downtransparencyinsolvingchallengesandissuesacrossthegovernmentagency
4.Effectivemanagementofresourcesinthegovernmentagency.
4.3 Governance Initiation
Thegovernmentagency’se-TransformationCommitteestarted thegovernanceby reviewingandapprovingtheEAProjectStrategyinStage1.TheEAgovernanceofficiallystartedwiththeformationoftheEAGovernanceCommitteeinStage2.NotethattheEAgovernanceisacon-tinuousactivityaffectingallstages.
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4.4 Key Areas in Governance
Keyareasingovernanceislistedbelow.
No Description Deliverable
All ContinuousGovernance Success of Government Agency’s EAProject
1. Trackandmonitorthekeyactivitiesandde-liverables of the EA. Highlight to EAGover-nanceCommitteeonpotentialdelays,chang-esinscope,andlackofresources
ProgrammanagementofGovernmentAgency’sEAimplementation
2. ManagetheintroductionandchangestothevariousactivitiesintheEA.Inparticular,carryout activities on EA awareness and promo-tion
Change management especially onawareness and promotion of Govern-mentAgency’sEA
3. Managethecapability requirements for theEA implementation that includes training,changestojobscope,andreviewofdivision/departmentorganizationalstructures
Capability management on the pro-gression on the government agency’scapabilitiestocarryouttheEAProjectplans
4. Managethepoliciesandregulationsrequiredto implementthedifferent factorsoractivi-tiesoftheEAinthegovernmentagency
PolicymanagementonthepoliciesandregulationsrelatingtotheEAexecution
5. Manage the performance outcomes of theEAinthegovernmentagency
Performancemanagementonthemet-rics,KPIsandoutcomesoftheEA
AsEAaffectsthewholeofthegovernmentagency’sfunctions,andnotmerelyIT,itisvitalthattheEAGovernanceCommitteehas tocarryout itsgovernance functions throughout theEAlifecycle.
TheEAgovernancecoversfiveareasassummarizedinFigure3-programmanagement,changemanagement, capability management, policy management and performance management.Notethatthesefivemanagementareashavetobeplannedandexecutedtogetherratherthaninsequence.Throughprogrammanagement,whichactsasacentralmanagementarea,specificprojectsandtaskscanbeplanned,scheduledandmonitored.Detailsofthesegovernanceareasaredescribebelow.
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Figure 3 Five Aspects of EA governance
4.4.1 Program Management
TheEAwillbeacontinuousjourneywithdynamicchangesaffectingdifferentpartsofthear-chitecturesandreferencemodels.TheEAalsorecommendsinitiativesthatrequiretimetode-velopandfullyimplemented.
4.4.2 Change Management
BeforeEAexists,thegovernmentagencyhasbeenorganizing,planningandexecutingprojects(bothbusinessandIT)intypicalmanualandreactivefashion.TheintroductionofEArequiresbigchangestothegovernmentagencysuchasorganizationreview,integrated&strategicplan-ning,andmakingdecisionsone-Governmenttransformationprojectsinastructuredandtime-lyway.Thus,changemanagementisnecessaryforthesuccessoftheEAexecution.
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4.4.3 Capability Management
NotonlydoesEArequiresabigorganizationalchange,butitalsorequirescommitmentofthegovernmentagencytocontinuouslyimproveitscapability–i.e.thoughtprocessesinexecutingwork,improvingskills&experiencesinarchitecting,improvingbusinessprocesses&automa-tion,andinintegratedplanning&decision-making.
4.4.4 Policy Management
InthedevelopmentoftheEA,theteamswouldhavedifficultiestoidentifythingsasastandardoraguideline.Whilethisisnormal,theEAexecutionrequirespoliciesandregulationstoensureagovernmentagency-widestandardizationandadoptionofthevariousarchitectures/refer-encemodels.
4.4.5 Performance Management
Asastrategicenabler,EAprovidestheabilitytodefineandmeasureperformanceofthegov-ernmentagency.WhilethiscanbeincorporatedintothePerformanceArchitecture(whichisoptional),theexecutionofEAnonethelessrequiresperformancemetricstobedefinedsothatmanagementknowswhethertheEAprojecthasbeenasuccess.
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5. Stage 3 – Analyze Current Stage
5.1 Stage Summary
WiththeapprovedEAprojectplaninplace,theEACoreandworkingteamscanstarttheactualworkbyanalyzingthecurrentstateofthegovernmentagency.Thisstagedescribesthekeyactivi-tiesinreviewingandanalyzingthedifferentaspectsofthecurrentstateofthegovernmentagency.
5.2 Stage Purpose
Thegovernmentagencyhastocarryoutrequirementsstudyanddetailedanalysisofthecur-rentstateintermsofbothbusinessandIT.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:
1.Definethegovernmentagency’sEArequirements(mainlyfromkeystakeholders)
2.Documentthegovernmentagency’senvironmentanalysisreport–bothinternalandexter-nalanalysis
3. Document the government agency’s current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities andthreats(SWOT).
5.3 Stage initiation
ThisstagebeginswiththeendorsementorapprovaloftheEAProjectPlanfromStage2.
5.4 Key Steps in Stage 3
Thisstagekicksoffwithdocumentingthegovernmentagency’sEArequirementsandthecur-rentbusinessand IT landscapes (throughenvironmentanalysis). Thisdocumentwillhelp tosteertheEAjourneyinthefollowingstages.ThekeystepsinStage3arelistedinTablebelow.
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No Description Deliverable3 AnalyzeCurrentStage a.EARequirements
b.EAEnvironmentAnalysisReports(Current Business Landscape and Current ITLandscape)
c.SWOTAnalysisReport
3.1 Gather and document EA requirementsfromvariousstakeholderssuchase-Trans-formation Committee, EA GovernanceCommittee, main business functions’stakeholders,andEAworkingteams
GovernmentAgency’sEArequirementsre-viewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee
3.2 Gather and analyze Government Agen-cy’s internalenvironment suchasorga-nizationalcapabilitytoplanandexecutee-transformation plan, business planandITplan
Government Agency’s EA environmentanalysisreportreviewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee
3.3 Gather and analyze Government Agen-cy’s external environment such as gen-eral trends in EA, United Nations orsimilare-Governmentrankingsincludingrecommendations, prioritized nationalprojectsandnewgovernmentpolicies
Government Agency’s EA environmentanalysisreportreviewedbyEAGovernanceCommittee
3.4 PresenttotheEAGovernanceCommittee EA Governance Committee is informedaboutthedetailedcurrentstateofthegov-ernmentagency
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6. Stage 4 – Develop EA Framework6.1 Stage Summary
This isthestagewhereagovernmentagencystartstodevelopitsEA. Inthisstage,thegov-ernmentagencyconstructsthemainpillarssuchasEAvision&mission,architecturegoals&principles, EAFramework, taxonomy,andother related standards that is fundamental to itsEAjourney.ThegovernmentagencyshouldfocusonbuildingqualityEAframeworkandotherrelevantprocesses.
6.2 Stage Purpose
ThepreviousstagegavetheEArequirementsandenvironmentanalysisreportssothattheEACoreteamknowswhatthegovernmentagency’sEAhastoaddress.Thepurposeofstage4istoarchitectimportantEAfundamentalsthatwillsteerandguidetheEAdevelopmentinsubse-quentstages.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:
1.Definethegovernmentagency’sEAvision,mission,architecturegoalsandarchitectureprin-ciples
2.DefineEAdocumentationstandard
3.DefineEAartifactreviewandapprovalprocess
4.Createthegovernmentagency’sEAFramework.
6.3 Stage Initiation
ThisstagebeginswiththecompletedEArequirements,environmentanalysisreports(bothcur-rentbusinessandcurrentITlandscapes)andtheSWOTanalysisreportfromStage3.NotethattheEAGovernanceCommitteemayalsoprovideadditionalstrategicrequirementsattheendofStage3.
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6.4 Key Steps in Stage 4
Stage4focusesonhighlevelarchitectureactivitiesthatrequireexperienceandvision.ThekeystepsinStage4arelistedinTablebelow.
No Description Deliverable
4 DevelopEAFramework Government Agency’s EA Mission, Vision,Architecture Objectives and ArchitecturePrincipleStatements
GovernmentAgency’sEAFramework
4.1 Define EA’s vision and mission state-ments,&architectureobjectives
DraftEAVision,Mission, ,andarchitectureobjectives
4.2 DefineEA’sarchitectureprinciples DraftEAPrinciples
4.3 Present andobtain approval for EA vi-sion, mission and architecture objec-tives
Approved EA Vision, Mission, ArchitectureObjectivesandArchitecturePrinciples
4.4 DefineEAFrameworkstructure DraftEAFrameworkStructure
4.5 DesignEAarchitectureelements DraftEAArchitectureElements
4.6 DesignEAmodel DraftEAModel
4.7 DevelopEAdocumentationstandard EAdocumentationstandard
4.8 DevelopEAartifactsmanagementpro-cesses
DraftEAArtifactmanagementprocesses
4.9 Present and obtain approval for EAframework
ApprovedEAFramework
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7. Stage 5 Build Reference Models7.1 Stage Summary
Theprevioussectionhasdefinedanddescribedthereferencemodelsandarchitectures.BasedontheEAframeworkdevelopedpreviously,thisstageisallaboutbuildingthereferencemodelssothatagovernmentagencycanhavestandardviewsandtaxonomiesofkeyorganizationalas-setsandprocessessuchasbusiness,application,dataandtechnologydomains.
7.2 Stage Purpose
Thepurposeofstage5istoarchitectandbuildtherelevantEAreferencemodelsofthegovern-mentagency.Thefollowingspecificexpectedoutcomesfromthisstageare:
1.PerformanceReferenceModel
2.BusinessReferenceModel
3.ApplicationReferenceModel
4.DataReferenceModel
5.TechnologyReferenceModel.
Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.Agovernmentagencycanhavemoreorless,orevencombinereferencemodelsdependingonitsEArequirements,itsEAframeworkdesignand itsEAgoals.Otherexamplesof referencemodelsare security referencemodel, servicereferencemodelandinfrastructurereferencemodel.
7.3 Stage Initiation
ThisstagerequirestheEAvision,mission,architecturegoals&principles,andtheEAframe-workfromthepreviousstage.Inaddition,thegovernmentagencyneedstorefertoYesser’sNEAReferenceModels.ByreferringtotheNEAreferencemodels,thegovernmentagencycandeveloptheirownreferencemodelsensuringalignmentwithwholeofgovernmentaswellastoachieveitsEAgoals.
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7.3About NEA Reference Models
SincethegovernmentagencieshavetorefertoNEAreferencemodels,itisapre-requisitetounderstandallthefivereferencemodelsandtheirinter-relationships.
TheobjectivesorgoalsoftheNEAreferencemodelsare:
1.Toprovidewhole-of-governmentstructuredinformationonITandbusinesslandscapes
2. Toprovideeffectiveviewsorperspectives fordifferent stakeholders in thegovernment–frombusinesstoapplicationstodatatoITinfrastructure
3.Toprovideareferencepointforgovernmentagenciestoreviewanddistillrelevantinforma-tionanddesignfortheirownuse.
Figure4illustratestheNEAreferencemodelsandtheirinter-relationships.
Figure 4 NEA reference models and their inter-relationships
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a. Performance Reference Model
The Performance ReferenceModel (PRM) is an outcome-focusedmeasurement frameworkthatcanassistgovernmentagencies in thedesignand implementationofeffectivebusinessmeasurement systemsandperformancearchitectures. ThePRM, through themeasurementindicators,setstheperformancestandardsforthegovernment.Hence,fromanarchitecturalviewpoint,thePRMsetstheperformancestandardsfortheotherfourreferencemodels.
b. Business Reference Model
TheBusinessReferenceModel(BRM)isaclassificationcategoryusedtodescribethetypeofbusinessfunctionsforthewholeofSaudigovernment.Itgivesalogicalfunctionalviewinsteadoffunctionsbyphysicalgovernmentagencies.ThefunctionsandrequirementsinBRMdrivestheotherreferencemodels,i.e.ApplicationReferenceModel,DataReferenceModelandTech-nologyReferenceModel.
c. Application Reference Model
TheApplicationReferenceModel (ARM) is a categorizationof different typesof applicationsystems,applicationcomponentsandinterfaces.ItistheframeworkforcategorizingnationalsharedITsystemsandapplicationcomponentstohelpidentifyopportunitiesforsharing,reuse,andconsolidationorrenegotiationofsoftwarelicenses.TheARMsupportsdirectlytheBRMindeliveringthebusinessoutcomes.
d. Data Reference Model
TheDRM(DataReferenceModel)isamodelthatclassifiesdataanddefinesastandarddatastructuretosupportdevelopingdataarchitectureandpromotingdatastandardization/reuse/management.TheDRMsupports theARMdirectly indeliveringbusinessgoalsbysupplyingdataandinformation.Thevariousapplicationsystemshavetousedatatoprovideinformationtothebusinesses.
e. Technology Reference Model
The Technology ReferenceModel (TRM) classifies and defines technologies and technologystandards/specifications that support businesses and services. Under structured technologyclassifications, technology standards are define to promote inter-operability among govern-mentagencies.TheTRMsupportsthedatausageinDRM,supportsapplicationsystemsinARM
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throughthetechnologydefinitionsandinfrastructureimplementations,andsupportstheagen-cystaffthroughuseofpersonalandofficetechnologies.
PleaserefertotheactualNEAreferencemodelsfordetails.
7.4 Key Steps in Stage 5
Stage5isallaboutbuildingtherelevantreferencemodels.TablebelowlistsallthekeystepsinStage5.
No Description Deliverable
5 DocumentGovernmentAgency’sReferenceModels
GovernmentAgency’sReferenceModels
5.1 Develop a model that standardizes perfor-mance elements for improving IT projectsand their quality.Obtain approval from theEAGovernanceCommittee
Approved Performance ReferenceModel
5.2 Developamodelthatclassifiesanddefinesbusi-nessfunctionsandrelatedinformation.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGovernanceCommittee
ApprovedBusinessReferenceModel
5.3 Develop a model that classifies and definessharedapplicationsystems/componentstopro-moteserviceintegrationandreusebyidentify-ingredundantorcorrelatedapplications.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGovernanceCommittee
ApprovedApplicationReferenceMod-el
5.4 Develop a model that classifies data anddefinesstandarddatastructures to supportdata architecture development, data stan-dard,anddatareuse.Obtainapproval fromtheEAGovernanceCommittee
ApprovedDataReferenceModel
5.5 Developamodel that classifiesanddefinestechnologies and technology standards/specifications, which support business andservices.ObtainapprovalfromtheEAGover-nanceCommittee
ApprovedTechnologyReferenceModel
Inbuildingthevariousagency’sreferencemodels,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetomakereferencetoitsEAFramework(developedinStage4)andNEAReferenceModels.
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8. Stage 6 - Build Current Architecture
8.1 Stage Summary
Oncetheframeworkandreferencemodelsareestablishedandagreedupon,thegovernmentagencyembarksononeofthemostcriticalstepsinitsEAjourney.Thefocusofthisstageisincapturingthecurrentarchitecturesofthegovernmentagencysothattheagencycanclearlyun-derstanditsITandbusinesslandscapes.Thiswouldallowabettervisibilityoftheinterconnec-tionsamongdifferentarchitecturesandcomponents,andaidinanalyzingtheagency’sissues,challengesandopportunitiesrelatingtobusiness,information/dataandtechnologies.
The information captured and architectures created in this stage includeBusinessArchitec-ture,ApplicationArchitecture,DataArchitectureandTechnologyArchitecture.ThegovernmentagencymaybuildallthecurrentarchitecturesorselectiverelevantarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy.
8.2 Stage Purpose
Thepurposeof thisstage is toanalyzeanddocumentthestatusof thecurrentgovernmentagency’sITandbusinesslandscapes.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:
1.CurrentBusinessArchitecture
2.CurrentApplicationArchitecture
3.CurrentDataArchitecture
4.CurrentTechnologyArchitecture.
Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.AgovernmentagencycanhavemoreorlessarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscope,goals,EAframeworkdesignanddevelopmentstrat-egy.Otherexamplesnotlistedaboveincludecurrentsecurityandperformancearchitectures.
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8.3 Stage Initiation
Withthecompletionofthepreviousphases,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:
1.PerformanceReferenceModel
2.BusinessReferenceModel
3.ApplicationReferenceModel
4.DataReferenceModel
5.TechnologyReferenceModel.
Again,dependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingreferencemodelsarecompleted.Ifthegovernmentagencyin-tendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefiveabovereferencemodels.However,ifthegovernmentagency isdoinga specificEAscope suchasdataand technologyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthedataandtechnologyreferencemodelsinplace.
8.4 Key Steps in Stage 6
Tablebelowlistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage6.
No Description Deliverable
6 Build Government Agency’s Current Ar-chitectures
Government Agency’s Relevant CurrentArchitectures
6.1 CapturecurrentbusinessandITdata GovernmentAgency’sCurrentData
6.2 Analyzeandbuildthebusinessarchitec-turethatdescribes thecurrentbusinessfunctions, sub-business functions, busi-ness processes, business activities andbusinessservices
Government Agency’s Current BusinessArchitecture
6.3 Analyze and build the application archi-tecture that listsall thecurrent applica-tions(fullyautomated,partialautomated& manual), and the relationships be-tween these applications and the busi-nessfunctions/processes/services
GovernmentAgency’sCurrentApplicationArchitecture
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6.4 Analyze and build the data architecturethat showsall thecurrent datausedbythe government agency, the usage ofdata by applications including data ex-changewithinandexternally
GovernmentAgency’sCurrentDataArchi-tecture
6.5 Analyze andbuild the technology archi-tecturethat illustrates thecurrent IT in-frastructureusedbythevariousapplica-tions,dataandpeople
GovernmentAgency’sCurrentTechnologyArchitecture
6.6 CurrentArchitectureAnalysis SummaryofImprovementOpportunities
8.4.1 Step 6.1 Capture current Business and IT Data
ThefirstimportantstepistocaptureboththecurrentbusinessandITdatainthegovernmentagency.Currentdataisrequiredtounderstandtheactualrealityoftheagency’sbusinessandITlandscapes.Datahastobeup-to-date,accurateandverified.Itisalwaysbettertohavemoredetaileddatathaninsufficientdata.
Dependingontheagency’sactualEAscopeandobjectives,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetopreparetherelevantmeanstocapturetherequireddata.IftheagencyisdoingtheentireEA,thenithastocaptureinformationaboutthebusiness,applications,data/databasesandinfrastructure.Ontheotherhand,iftheagencyisdoingonlytechnologyarchitecture,thenithastocapturethecurrentITtechnologiesandinfrastructuredata.
However,theteamsmayfacedifficultytoobtainthesupportofthevariouspartiesordivisionsto capture the currentdata.Aspartof changemanagement (please seeContinuousGover-nance–ChangeManagementsection),itisrecommendedtoprovideclearcommunicationstotherelevantdepartments,divisionsorbranchesintheagencyontheneedforEAandthedatacapturingexercise.
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Thefollowingaretherecommendedactivitiestocapturecurrentdataintheagency:
S/No Activity
1 Identifydataelementsanddatasourcesrequired
2 Designdatacapturingmethod(s)
3 Designdatacapturingtemplates
4 PresenttoEAGovernanceCommitteeondatacapturingapproach
5 Brieftherelevantparties
6 Capturetherelevantcurrentdata
7 Verifyandupdate
8.4.2 Step 6.2 Analyze and build current business architectureOncompletion,thecurrentBAwilldepictthecurrentbusinesslandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheBAisanexpansionoftheagencyBRM,thefollowingaretheartifactsorde-liverables.Notethattherearethreeadditionalartifactsordeliverables.Collectively,theywillprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentBA.
No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofBA2 BAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofBA3 BusinessAreas(BRM) Themainbusinessareasfortheagency4 LinesofBusiness(BRM) ThemainLoBs(LineofBusiness)fortheagency
withinthebusinessareas5 BusinessFunctions(BRM) The key business function descriptions within
LoBs6 Sub-BusinessFunctions(BRM) The sub-business function descriptions within
eachbusinessfunction7 BusinessProcesses Thelistofbusinessprocessdescriptionswithin
eachsub-businessfunction8 OrganizationChart Thecurrentorganizationchartfortheagency9 ServiceCatalogue Thecurrentlistofbusinessservices
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Building the Agency BA
BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyBA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable
1 DefinetheBApurposeordirec-tion
BApurpose/directionstatement
2 DefinetheBAprinciples BAprinciples
3 Document the organization in-formation
Organizationchart
4 Define the businessfunctions(BRM)
Reviewed/updatedbusinessareas,LoBs,businessfunctionsandcreatedsub-businessfunctions
5 Definethebusinessprocesses Listofbusinessprocessesfortheagency
6 Document the service cata-logue
Servicecatalogue
7 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentBA
8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentBA
ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongBAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.
Figure 5 BA artifacts’ relationship diagram
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8.4.3 Step 6.3 Analyze and build current application architecture
BelowtablesummarizestheagencyBArelationshipswithothercurrentarchitectures.
Other Current Architectures AA Relationship
BA AAprovidesapplicationsystemstothevariousbusinessfunctionsinthegovernmentagency
DA AArequiresdatamodelanddataelementstobeusefordecisionmakingandefficientoperations
TA AAprovidestherequirementsfortechnologiestosupportthehost-ingandusageofapplicationsystems
Description about the Agency AA
Oncompletion,thecurrentAAwilldepictthecurrentapplicationlandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheAAisanexpansionoftheagencyARM,itprovidesacatalogueofcurrentap-plications.TheapplicationcatalogueandthreeotheradditionalartifactsordeliverablesprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentAA.
No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofAA
2 AAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofAA
3 ApplicationSystems(ARM) Themainapplicationsystemsfortheagency
4 ApplicationComponents(ARM) Thekeyapplicationcomponentsfortheagency
5 ApplicationInterfaces(ARM) Themainapplicationinterfacesfortheagency
6 ApplicationCatalogue Thelistofapplicationsandtheirattributes
7 ApplicationFunctions Thedescriptionabouttheapplicationfunctions
8 ApplicationRelationships Thedescriptionabouttheapplicationrelationships
9 ApplicationOverview The overview description of the application sys-tems
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Building the Agency AA
BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyAA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheAApurposeordirection AApurpose/directionstatement
2 DefinetheAAprinciples AAprinciples
3 Review application systems, appli-cationcomponentsandapplicationinterfaces(ARM)
Reviewed/updatedapplicationsystems,appli-cationcomponentsandapplicationinterfaces
4 Documenttheapplicationoverview Applicationoverview
5 Documenttheapplicationcatalogue Applicationcatalogue
6 Documenttheapplicationfunctions Applicationfunctions
7 Document the application relation-ships
Applicationrelationships
8 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentAA
9 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentAA
ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongAAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.
Figure 6 AA artifacts’ relationship diagram
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8.4.4 Step 6.4 Analyze and build current data architecture
Oncompletion,thecurrentDAwilldepictthecurrentdatalandscapeofthegovernmentagen-cy.SincetheDAisanexpansionoftheagencyDRM,itprovidesacatalogueofdataandthedatamodelscurrentlyinuse.TherewillbefiveadditionalartifactsintheDA.Together,theygiveacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentdatausageinthegovernmentagency.
No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofDA
2 DAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofDA
3 DataModel(DRM) Themaindatamodelfortheagency
4 DataClassifications(DRM) Thekeydataclassifications
5 DataStructure(DRM) Themaindatastructuresfortheagency
6 DataExchange(DRM) Thelistofdataexchangesfortheagency
7 ConceptualDataModel The pictorial high-level description of datamodelfortheagency
8 LogicalDataModel Thelogicaldatamodelsoftheagency
9 DataFlowDiagrams Thevariouspictorialrepresentationsofdataflowsfortheagency
10 DatabasePortfolioCatalogue Theconsolidationofalldatabasesintheagency
11 DataDictionary Thedefinitionsforcommondataintheagency
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Building the Agency DA
TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyDA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheDApurposeordirection DApurpose/directionstatement
2 DefinetheDAprinciples DAprinciples
3 Review data model, data classifica-tionsanddatastructures(DRM)
Reviewed/updateddatamodel,dataclassifi-cationsanddatastructures
4 Createtheconceptualdatamodel Conceptualdatamodel
5 Createthelogicaldatamodel Logicaldatamodel
6 Documentthedataflowdiagrams Dataflowdiagrams
7 Compile thedatabaseportfolio cata-logue
Databaseportfoliocatalogue
8 Documentthedatadictionary Datadictionary
9 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentDA
10 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentDA
BelowtablesummarizestheagencyDArelationshipswithothercurrentarchitectures.
Other Current Architectures DA Relationship
BA DA provides information on agency-wide data and sources ofdata fromexternal parties; this aids decisions ondata sharingandre-use
AA DA provides datamodels, database information and data ele-mentstobeusebyapplicationsystems
TA DAprovides the requirements for technologies to support thehostingandusageofdatabasesystemsanddataexchanges
ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongDAartifactsandtherelationshipswitharti-factsfromotherarchitectures.
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Figure 7 DA artifacts’ relationship diagram
8.4.5 Step 6.5 Analyze and build current technology architecture
AstheEACoreandworkingteamshavealreadydevelopedothercurrentarchitectures, it isimportanttounderstandtheirinter-relationshipsassummarizedinbelowtable.
Other Current Architectures TA Relationship
BA TAprovides the client andoffice technologies such as PCs,mobiledevices,printersandscannerstotheagencyemployeesindifferentbranchesanddivisions
AA TAprovidestheinfrastructuretechnologiestohostandsupportap-plicationsystemsandcomponents
DA TAprovidesthe infrastructuretechnologies toenabledatatransac-tionsandexchanges
Oncompletion,thecurrentTAwilldepictthecurrenttechnologylandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincetheTAisanexpansionoftheagencyTRM,thefollowingaretheartifactsorde-liverables.Note that thereare fouradditionalartifactsordeliverables.Collectively, theywillprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofthecurrentTA.
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No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofTA2 TRMPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofTA3 ServiceArea(TRM) Thehighestleveltechnologyservicearea4 ServiceCategory(TRM) Thetechnologyservicecategorywithinaservicearea5 ServiceStandard(TRM) Thelistoftechnologyservicestandardsinuse6 InfrastructureOverview Thehigh-level representationof IT landscape in the
governmentagency(normallyindiagrammaticform)7 InfrastructureDescription Thedescriptionsofthemaininfrastructuretechnol-
ogiesinuse8 HardwareCatalogue Thecurrentlistofhardware9 SoftwareCatalogue Thecurrentlistofsoftware
BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencyTA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable
1 DefinetheTApurposeordirection TApurpose/directionstatement
2 DefinetheTAprinciples TAprinciples
3 Reviewtheserviceareasandservicecat-egories(TRM)
Reviewed service categories within ser-viceareasfortheagency
4 Reviewtheservicestandards(TRM) Reviewed service standards within eachservicecategoryrelevantforagency
5 Analyzethedatacollected Nil
6 Describetheinfrastructureoverview High-level representationof IT landscapeinagency
7 Providetheinfrastructuredescriptions List of infrastructure technology descrip-tionsinuse
8 Developthehardwarecatalogue Listofhardwareinuse
9 Developthesoftwarecatalogue Listofsoftwareinuse
10 Documentandreview RevieweddraftcurrentTA
11 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencycurrentTA
ThefigurebelowshowstherelationshipsamongTAartifactsandtherelationshipswithartifactsfromotherarchitectures.
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Figure 8 Relationship TA artifacts
8.4.6 Step 6.6 Current architecture analysis
It isamajoraccomplishmentmilestoneonthecompletionofcapturingthecurrentarchitec-tures.Withtheinformationandpictorialrepresentations,theEACoreandworkingteamscanhavedifferentperspectivesaboutthegovernmentagencyonthebusiness,applications,dataandinfrastructure.Thesecurrentarchitecturesalsoallowthediscoveryofnotsoobviouslink-ages,dependencies,andevensynergiesorintegratedcomponents.Ontheotherhandisamile-stoneunlikeany,thisisbecauseitperformsmanyimportantaspectsincludingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing.Theadvantageofviewingthewholeofenterprisecuttingacrosssilos,estab-lishingtheobviousandnotsoobviouslinkagesanddependencies,capturingofsynergiesetc.facilitateidentificationofopportunitiesforprogressoftheagencyaswellastheissuesthatarehinderingitsfuturegrowth.
Thecurrentarchitectureanalysisisanactivitytounderstandcurrentissuesandchallengesofthegovernmentagencyononehand,andtoexploreideasforimprovementandintegrationontheotherhand.
Thefollowingdescribesimportantactivitiesforthisstep.
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No Activity Artifact / Deliverable
1 AnalyzeBA BAimprovementopportunities
2 AnalyzeAA AAimprovementopportunities
3 AnalyzeDA DAimprovementopportunities
4 AnalyzeTA TAimprovementopportunities
5 Documentandreview Revieweddraft summaryof improvementopportuni-ties
6 Obtaingovernanceapproval Approvedagencysummaryofimprovements
1. Analyze BA
ReviewthecurrentBA.
ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheBAartifactsagainsttheagency’smissionandvisionstatements,strategicgoals/objectives,theagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysistoolssuchasValueChainanalysis,7Sanalysis,SWOTanalysisandbusinessprocesssimulation.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:
a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinBA
b.Analyzethebusinessfunctionsandservicesbylogicalandphysicaldimensions
c.Listtheprioritizedstrategicbusinessoutcomes
d.Listthekeybusinessworkactivitiesorfunctions,andhowtheyhavetoimprovebasedon(a)and(c)
e.UsingtheBAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).
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2. Analyze AA
ReviewthecurrentAA.
ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheAAartifactsagainstthestrategicgoals/objectives,theagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRM,prioritizedapplicationlist(fromagencyARM)andtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:
a. ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinAA
b. Identifysomeoftheglobaltrendsinapplicationsystems
c. Analyzetheapplicationsystemsbycategoriesanddepartments/branches;alsoanalyzetherequiredapplicationsystemstosupporttheBAimprovementopportunities
d.List the prioritized application systems, components and interfaces for development, re-placement,amendmentandretirement
e. UsingtheAAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).
3. Analyze DA
ReviewthecurrentDA.
ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheDAartifactsagainsttheagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysis toolssuchasdatadependencyandSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:
a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinDA
b.Identifysomeoftheglobaltrendsindatamanagementanddatausage
c.Analyzethedatarepresentedbylogicalandphysicaldimensions;alsoanalyzetherequireddatatosupporttheAAimprovementopportunities
d.Listtheprioritizedstrategicdatamodels,dataelementsanddatabases
e.UsingtheDAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).
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4. Analyze TA
ReviewthecurrentTA.
ArecommendedmethodistocomparetheTAartifactsagainsttheagencyannualplans,theSaudie-GovernmentPlan,theagencyPRMandtheagencye-transformationplan(ifany).TheEACoreandworkingteamscanalsouseanalysis toolssuchasdatadependencyandSWOTanalysis.Carryoutthefollowingactivities:
a.ListthemainissuesandchallengesfacedinDA
b.Identifysomeoftheglobaltechnologytrendsandtechnologystandards
c.Analyze the infrastructureandother technologies;alsoanalyze the required technologiesrequiredtosupporttheBA,AAandDAimprovementopportunities
d. List theprioritized strategic technologies fordevelopment;also include technologies thatrequiretobereplacedorretired
e.UsingtheTAprinciplesasaguide,definespecificimprovementopportunitiesforthelistin(d).
5. Document and review
Aftercompletingalltheanalysis,consolidatealltheimprovementareasanddocumentthemintoastructuredinformationbaseontheagency’sdocumentationstandards.Performacross-domainanalysis(BA,AA,DA,TA),toidentifyanddocumentmoreopportunitiesforimprove-ment.Doan internalreviewandupdates. It isalsoadvisabletogetotherparties–businessowners,applicationdevelopers,DBAsanddataowners,andtheinfrastructureteam-tocarryoutafinalreview.
6. Obtain governance approval
Withthecompletionofthedeliverableswiththeotheraboverelatedcontents,presenttotheEAGovernanceCommittee.TheChiefArchitectshouldfrontthispresentation.Fromthecom-mentsfromthecommittee,makethenecessarychangestoobtaintheirfinalapproval.
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9. Stage 7 – Build Target Architecture
9.1 Stage summary
Withthecompletionofthegovernmentagency’scurrentarchitectures,thisstagedevelopsthetargetarchitectures.Asablueprintforthegovernmentagencytorealizeitsgoalsanddesiredoutcomesin3to5years,thetargetarchitecturedefinestheimprovedbusinessandITland-scapes.
ThedetailedanalysiswillleadtothedevelopmentoftargetarchitecturesthatincludeBusinessArchitecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture and Technology Architecture. Thegovernmentagencymaybuildall the targetarchitecturesor selectiverelevantarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy.
9.2 Stage purpose
Thepurposeofthisstageistoanalyze,designanddocumentthetargetgovernmentagency’sITandbusinesslandscapes.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:
1.TargetBusinessArchitecture
2.TargetApplicationArchitecture
3.TargetDataArchitecture
4.TargetTechnologyArchitecture.
Notethattheabovearerecommendedoutcomes.AgovernmentagencycanhavemoreorlessarchitecturesdependingonitsEAscope,goals,EAframeworkdesignanddevelopmentstrat-egy.Otherexamplesnotlistedaboveincludetargetsecurityandperformancearchitectures.
9.3 Stage initiation
Withthecompletionofthepreviousstages,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:
1.SummaryofImprovementOpportunities
2.CurrentBusinessArchitecture
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3.CurrentApplicationArchitecture
4.CurrentDataArchitecture
5.CurrentTechnologyArchitecture.
Asmentionedabove,dependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingcurrentarchitecturesarecompleted.Ifthegov-ernmentagencyintendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefiveabovecurrentarchitec-tures.However,ifthegovernmentagencyisdoingaspecificEAscopesuchasdataandtechnol-ogyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthedataandtechnologyarchitecturesinplace.
9.4 Key steps in stage 7
Belowtablelistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage7.
No Description Deliverable7 BuildGovernmentAgency’sTargetArchitectures
7.1 Definedirectionsfordevelopingtargetarchitectureby analyzing environmental factors such as agen-cy’svision/principles,currentarchitecturesetc.
TargetArchitecturedirection
7.2 Analyzeandbuildthetargetbusinessarchitec-ture based on architecture principles, currentbusinessarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-rentbusinessarchitecturedeliverables.
Government Agency’s target Busi-nessArchitecture
7.3 Analyze and build the target application archi-tecturebasedonarchitectureprinciples,currentapplicationarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-rentapplicationarchitecturedeliverables.
GovernmentAgency’s targetAppli-cationArchitecture
7.4 Analyze andbuild the target data architecturebased on architecture principles, current dataarchitecture’s analysis result, and current dataarchitecturedeliverables.
Government Agency’s target DataArchitecture
7.5 Analyze and build the target technology archi-tecturebasedonarchitectureprinciples,currenttechnologyarchitecture’sanalysisresult,andcur-renttechnologyarchitecturedeliverables.
Government Agency’s target Tech-nologyArchitecture
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9.4.1 Step 7.1 Define directions for developing target architecture
Inthepreviousstage,theteamhasbuiltordocumentedthecurrentarchitectureandanalyzedcurrent architecture issues.Oneof the outputs from the previous stage is the Summary ofImprovementOpportunities. TheEACoreandworking teamshavealsopreviously analyzedagency’s vision/purposes& other environmental factors, and then, based on them,we candefinetargetarchitecture’sdirections.Thetablebelowliststheactivitiesindefiningdirectionsfortargetarchitecture.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 ReviewagencyEAvisionandprinciples ReviewedagencyEAvisionandprinciples
2 Reviewenvironment and requirementsanalysis
Nil
3 Reviewcurrentimprovementopportunities Nil
4 Summarizetargetarchitecturedirections Targetarchitecturedirections
5 Documentandreview Revieweddrafttargetarchitecturedirections
6 Obtaingovernanceapproval Approvedtargetarchitecturedirections
9.4.2 Step 7.2 Build target business architecture
DescriptionabouttheagencytargetBA
Oncompletion,thetargetBAwilldepictthefuturebusinesslandscapeofthegovernmentagen-cy.SincethetargetBAisthefutureversionofthecurrentBA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetBAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallenges
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No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofBA
2 BAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofBA
3 BusinessAreas(BRM) Themainbusinessareasfortheagency
4 LinesofBusiness(BRM) Themain LoBs for the agencywithin the businessareas
5 BusinessFunctions(BRM) ThekeybusinessfunctiondescriptionswithinLoBs6 Sub-BusinessFunctions(BRM) Thesub-business functiondescriptionswithineach
businessfunction7 BusinessProcesses Thetargetlistofbusinessprocessdescriptionswith-
in each sub-business function; highlight new, im-proved and deleted processes
8 OrganizationChart Thetargetorganizationchartfortheagency
9 ServiceCatalogue The target list of business services; highlight new, improved or deleted services
BuildingtheagencytargetBA
TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetBA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 ReviewtheBApurposeordirectionand
BAprinciplesReviewed/updatedBApurposeordirectionstatement
2 ReviewtheBAprinciples Reviewed/updatedBAprinciples3 Define the target business functions
(BRM)Reviewed / updated business areas, LoBs,businessfunctionsandsub-businessfunctions
4 Definethetargetbusinessprocesses List of target improvedbusinessprocessesfortheagency
5 Definethetargetservicecatalogue Targetservicecatalogue
6 Documentthetargetorganizationin-formation
Targetorganizationchart
7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetBA
8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetBA
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9.4.3 Step 7.3 Build target application architecture
DescriptionabouttheagencytargetAA
Oncompletion,thetargetAAwilldepictthefutureapplicationlandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincethetargetAAisthefutureversionofthecurrentAA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetAAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallengessuchasnewapplicationsystems.
No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofAA
2 AAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofAA
3 ApplicationSystems(ARM) Themaintargetapplicationsystemsfortheagency
4 ApplicationComponents(ARM) Thekeytargetapplicationcomponentsfortheagency
5 ApplicationInterfaces(ARM) Themaintargetapplicationinterfacesfortheagency
6 ApplicationCatalogue Thetargetlistofapplicationsandtheirattributes
7 ApplicationFunctions Thetargetdescriptionabouttheapplicationfunctions
8 ApplicationRelationships Thetargetdescriptionabouttheapplicationrelationships
9 ApplicationOverview Thetargetoverviewdescriptionoftheapplicationsystems
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BuildingtheagencytargetAA
BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetAA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable1 DefinetheAApurposeordirection Reviewed / updated AA purpose or direction
statement
2 DefinetheAAprinciples Reviewed/updatedAAprinciples
3 Define the target application sys-tems, application componentsandapplicationinterfaces(ARM)
Targetapplicationsystems,applicationcompo-nentsandapplicationinterfaces
4 Document the target applicationoverview
Targetapplicationoverview
5 Document the target applicationcatalogue
Targetapplicationcatalogue
6 Document the target applicationfunctionsandrelationships
Targetapplicationfunctionsandapplicationre-lationships
7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetAA
8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetAA
9.4.4 Step 7.4 Build target data architecture
DescriptionabouttheagencytargetDA
Oncompletion,thetargetDAwilldepictthefuturedatalandscapeofthegovernmentagency.Since thetargetDA is the futureversionof thecurrentDA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.Themaindifference is that the targetDAdescribesabout the futurescenarios–i.e.providingsolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallengesintermsofdatausageanddataexchange.
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No Artifact / Deliver-able
Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofDA2 DAPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofDA3 DataModel Themaintargetdatamodelfortheagency4 DataClassifications(DRM) Thekeytargetdataclassifications5 DataStructure(DRM) Themaintargetdatastructuresfortheagency6 DataExchange(DRM) Thelistoftargetdataexchangesfortheagency7 ConceptualDataModel The target pictorial high-level description of data
modelfortheagency8 LogicalDataModel Thetargetlogicaldatamodelsoftheagency9 DataFlowDiagrams The various target pictorial representations of data
flowsfortheagency10 DatabasePortfolioCatalogue Thetargetconsolidationofalldatabasesintheagency11 DataDictionary Thetargetdefinitionsforcommondataintheagency
BuildingtheagencytargetDA
BelowtablesummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetDA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable
1 ReviewtheDApurposeordirection Reviewed/updatedDApurposeordirec-tionstatement
2 ReviewtheDAprinciples Reviewed/updatedDAprinciples
3 Updatedatamodel,dataclassifications,data structures and data exchanges(DRM)
Updatedtargetdatamodel,dataclassifica-tions,datastructuresanddataexchanges
4 Document the target conceptual andlogicaldatamodels
Target conceptual data model and targetlogicaldatamodel
5 Documentthetargetdataflowdiagrams Targetdataflowdiagrams
6 Compile the target database portfoliocatalogue
Targetdatabaseportfoliocatalogue
7 Documentthetargetdatadictionary TargetDatadictionary
8 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetDA
9 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetDA
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9.4.5 Step 7.5 Build target technology architecture
DescriptionabouttheagencytargetTA
Oncompletion,thetargetTAwilldepictthefutureinfrastructurelandscapeofthegovernmentagency.SincethetargetTAisthefutureversionofthecurrentTA,bothhavethesameartifactsordeliverables.ThemaindifferenceisthatthetargetTAdescribesaboutthefuturescenarios–i.e.providingtechnologysolutionstothecurrentissuesandchallenges.
No Artifact / Deliverable Description
1 Purpose/Direction ThepurposeofTA
2 TRMPrinciples ThearchitecturalprinciplesofTA
3 ServiceArea(TRM) Thehighestleveltechnologyservicearea
4 ServiceCategory(TRM) Thetechnologyservicecategorywithinaservicearea
5 ServiceStandard(TRM) Thetargetlistoftechnologyservicestandards
6 InfrastructureOverview The target high-level representation of IT landscapeinthegovernmentagency(normallyindiagrammaticform)
7 InfrastructureDescription The target descriptions of the main infrastructuretechnologiesforfuture
8 HardwareCatalogue The list of hardware (no change; only when actualimplementation)
9 SoftwareCatalogue Thelistofsoftware(nochange;onlywhenactualim-plementation)
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BuildingtheagencytargetTA
TablebelowsummarizesthemainactivitiesforbuildingtheagencytargetTA.
No Activity Artifact / Deliverable
1 ReviewtheTApurposeordirec-tion
Reviewed/updatedTApurposeordirectionstate-ment
2 ReviewtheTAprinciples Reviewed/updatedTAprinciples
3 Review the service areas andservicecategories(TRM)
Reviewed service categories within service areasfortheagency
4 Define the target service stan-dards
Target service standards within each service cat-egoryrelevantforagency
5 Describe the target infrastruc-tureoverview
High-levelrepresentationoftargetITlandscapeinagency
6 Updatethetargetinfrastructuredescriptions
Target infrastructure technology descriptions anddiagrams
7 Documentandreview RevieweddrafttargetTA
8 Obtaingovernanceapproval ApprovedagencytargetTA
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10. Stage 8 – Develop Transition Plan
10.1 Stage summary
Withthecompletionofthevarioustargetarchitecturesinthepreviousstage,itisnowimportanttoplanandmanagethetransitionrequiredfromthecurrentlandscapestothedesiredtargetlandscapes.Thereisabiggapbetweencurrentandtargetarchitectures.Ifthesearenotman-agedthroughthetransitionplan,itistypicalthatthetargetarchitecturewouldnotberealized.
Thetransitionplanisaboutdefiningandprioritizingintermediateactivities,systemsandproj-ects inorder to implement that future stateof the targetarchitectures.Themajor focusofthisstageistodevelopadetailedtransitionplanconsistingofprojectsoractivities,requiredresources,timelineandbudget.TechniquessuchasABCAnalysis,PriorityAnalysis,ROIAnalysiscanbeutilizedinthisstage.
10.2 Stage purpose
Thepurposeofthisstagetomanagethetransitionbetweenthecurrentstatestothetargetstate.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageis:
1.TransitionPlan.
10.3 Stage initiation
Withthecompletionofthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetoensurethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:
1.TargetBusinessArchitecture
2.TargetApplicationArchitecture
3.TargetDataArchitecture
4.TargetTechnologyArchitecture.
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DependingontheEAscopeanddevelopmentstrategy,thegovernmentagencyhastoensurethatthecorrespondingtargetarchitecturesarecompleted.Ifthegovernmentagencyintendstobuildallarchitectures,thenitneedsthefourabovetargetarchitectures.However,ifthegov-ernmentagencyisdoingaspecificEAscopesuchasdataandtechnologyconsolidation,thenitneedstohaveatleastthetargetdataandtechnologyarchitecturesinplace.
10.4 Key steps in stage 8
Belowtablelistthekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage7.
No Description Deliverable
8 DevelopTransitionPlan TransitionPlan
8.1 Definetransitionprojects Transitionprojectlist
8.2 Prioritizetransitionprojects Prioritizedtransitionprojectlist
8.3 Createtransitionroadmap Transitionroadmap
8.4 Analyzeanddocumentrequiredresourcesandoutcomes
Transitionresourceplan
8.5 Obtaininggovernanceapproval Approvedtransitionroadmapandresourceplan
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10.4.1 Step 8.1 Define transition projects
Thisactivityisaboutdefiningandprioritizingtransitionprojects.
No Activity Description
1. DefineIdeasforImprovement Improvementideasaredefinedbyclassifyingtheminto business/application sectors or with agency’scorebusinessfunctions
2. DefineTransitionProjects Transitionprojectsaredefinedbylistingupideasforimprovement,atargetarchitecture,andeacharchi-tecture area.
Listtransitionprojectsfromthecurrentandtargetarchitecturegapanalysisandcompletetheprojectlistbyadjustingandorganizingthemwhileconsider-ingpriority,sequence,etc.
Figure 9 Example selection method for transition plan
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11. Stage 9 – Develop Management Plan
11.1 Stage summary
ThisstageisaboutdevelopingtheEAusageandmanagementplanssothatEAprocessesandvaluesbecomeanintegralpartoftheagencystandardoperatingprocedures.Toensurecontin-uedEAvaluedeliverytothegovernmentagency,itisnecessaryandimportanttoincorporateEAmanagementplansintothegovernmentagency.
11.2 Stage purpose
ThepurposeofthisstageistoanalyzeanddocumenttheplaninensuringtheEAdeliverablesareacceptedandusebythedifferentstakeholders inthegovernmentagency.Theexpectedoutcomesordeliverablesofthisstageare:
1.EAusageplan
2.EAmanagementplan
11.3 Stage initiation
Withthecompletionofthepreviousstage,theEACoreandworkingteamshavetoensurethatthefollowingdeliverablesareinplace:
1.TransitionRoadmap
2.TransitionResourcePlan.
Thisstageisalsoafollowuponimportantpoliciesordirectionstatementspreviouslydefinedun-derContinuousGovernancesection–onparticular,onEAusageandEAmanagementdirections.
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11.4 Key steps in stage 9Thetablebelowliststhekeyactivitiesandexpecteddeliverablesforstage9.No Description Deliverable9 DevelopManagementPlan EAUsageandManagementPlans
9.1 DevelopEAusageplan EAusageplan9.2 DevelopEAmanagementplan EAmanagementplan9.3 ObtainingGovernanceApproval ApprovedEAusageandmanagementplans
ManagementandGovernance
Under theContinuousGovernance section, the EAGovernanceCommitteehas set up cleardirectionsontheEAusageandmanagementplans.Thisstagewillfocusonthedevelopmentoftheseplans.
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12. Stage 10 – Execute and Maintain12.1 Stage Summary
ThisisthelaststagewhereagovernmentagencyexecutesandmaintainsitsEA.HavingcoveredmanystagesintheEAjourney,thislaststageconcernswithtakingactionstomakethegovern-mentagency’sEAintoareality.
12.2 Stage Purpose
ThepurposeofthisstageistofinallyimplementtheEAartifactsthatweredocumentedinthepreviousstages.Thefollowingaretheexpectedoutcomesofthisstage:
1.Promoteormarketthegovernmentagency’sEAsothatgovernmentemployeesareawareoftheusefulnessofEA
2.TrainsomeemployeesontheusingandmaintainingthevariousinformationrelatedtoEA
3.ExecuteorimplementtheEAincludingthemanagementofthetransitionactivities
12.3 Stage Initiation
Withthecompletionofthepreviousstages,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamshavetoen-surethatthefollowingdeliverables,inadditiontothetargetarchitectures,areinplace:
1.EAManagementPlan
2.EAUsagePlan
3.EATransitionPlan
Withalltheaboveplans,theEACoreTeamandworkingteamscanstarttheexecutionphase.
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12.4 Key Steps in Stage 10
ThelaststageisthefinalchallengefortheEACoreteamandworkingteammemberstomateri-alizetheirpreviousefforts.ThekeystepsinStage10areshowninTablebelow.
No Description Deliverable
10 ExecuteandMaintain
10.1 Implement theEAUsage&Man-agementPlan
Project/ProgramManagementDeliverables
10.2 Implement the EA TransitionRoadmap
Project/ProgramManagementDeliverables
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