Thermodynamics Qualifying Exam Study Material The candidate is expected to have a thorough understanding of undergraduate engineering thermodynamics topics. These topics are listed below for clarification. Not all instructors coverexactly the same material during a course, thus it is important for the candidate to closely examine the subject areas list ed below. The textbooks listed below are a good source for the review and study of a majority of the li sted topics. One final note, the example problems made available to the candidates are from past exams and do not cover all subject material. These problems are not to be us ed as the only source of s tudy material. The topics listed below should be your guide for what you are responsible for knowing. Suggested textbook: Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics , 4 th Ed., Michael Mortan and Howard Shapiro, (John Wiley & Sons, pub.) Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach , 4 th Ed., Yunus Cengal and Michael Boles, (McGraw Hill, pub.) Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics , 4 th Ed., Gordon Van Wylen, Richard Sonntag, and Claus Borgnakke, (John Wiley & Sons, pub.) Topic areas: 1.Properties of pure substances. a.Identify states from properties b.Using equations of state and general compressibility charts/tables 2.First Law a.Application to closed and open systems b.Steady and unsteady formulations and use 3.Entropy and Second Law a.Definition of entropy b.Carnot efficiency c.Application to closed and open systems 4.Irreversibility, Availability, and Energy a.Application to closed and open systems 5.Power and refrigeration systems a.Rankine cycle with modifications b.Vapor compression refrigeration c.Air-standard cycles d.Calculation of efficiencies and COPs 6.Thermodynamic relations a.Maxwell relations b.Behavior of real gases c.Formulation for calculating changes in properties for real gases d.Use of generalized correction charts/tables for entropy and enthalpy 7.Mixtures and Solutions a.Ideal gases b.Properties of mixtures
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The candidate is expected to have a thorough understanding of undergraduate engineeringthermodynamics topics. These topics are listed below for clarification. Not all instructors cover
exactly the same material during a course, thus it is important for the candidate to closely
examine the subject areas listed below. The textbooks listed below are a good source for thereview and study of a majority of the listed topics. One final note, the example problems made
available to the candidates are from past exams and do not cover all subject material. These
problems are not to be used as the only source of study material. The topics listed below should
be your guide for what you are responsible for knowing.
Suggested textbook: Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 4
thEd., Michael Mortan and Howard
Shapiro, (John Wiley & Sons, pub.)
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 4th
Ed., Yunus Cengal and Michael Boles,
(McGraw Hill, pub.)
Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, 4th Ed., Gordon Van Wylen, RichardSonntag, and Claus Borgnakke, (John Wiley & Sons, pub.)
Topic areas:
1. Properties of pure substances.
a. Identify states from properties
b. Using equations of state and general compressibility charts/tables
2. First Law
a. Application to closed and open systems b. Steady and unsteady formulations and use
3. Entropy and Second Lawa. Definition of entropy
b. Carnot efficiencyc. Application to closed and open systems
4. Irreversibility, Availability, and Energy
a. Application to closed and open systems
5. Power and refrigeration systems
a. Rankine cycle with modifications b. Vapor compression refrigeration
c. Air-standard cycles
d.
Calculation of efficiencies and COPs6. Thermodynamic relations
a. Maxwell relations
b. Behavior of real gases
c. Formulation for calculating changes in properties for real gasesd. Use of generalized correction charts/tables for entropy and enthalpy
3. A dam retains water of height h above the valley below. Using the First Law:
Q − W = m [g (z2 − z1)] + (m/2) [(V2)2 − (V1)
2]
a. if the water is allowed to flow through a pipe to the bottom of the dam, show that themaximum velocity of the water at the exit of the pipe is the classical value:
i. Vmax = (2 g h)1/2
b. Next, assume a hydro-turbine is placed at the pipe at the bottom of the dam to extract
useful power from the falling water. Using the First Law again, determine the velocity of
the water at the turbine exit that will allow the production of the maximum power in the
turbine. Express this optimum water velocity of the exit of the turbine, Vopt, in terms of Vmax, given above.
4. The Joule-Thomson or Joule-Kelvin coefficient is J
h
T
Pμ
∂⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟
∂⎝ ⎠. This coefficient may be
negative, zero, or positive. Provide a physical explanation for each possible sign. Consider
A stoichiometric mixture of oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) are contained within a constantvolume container. The initial temperature and pressure are 273 K and 1 atm. At this
temperature there is negligible reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen. A spark initiates
the reaction, which goes very rapidly toward equilibrium. The measured temperature of the
products is 2000 K. Many products are possible but only the following will be considered: H,
H2, O, O2, OH, and H2O. The relevant equilibrium reactions are:
2 10
2 10
2 2 2 10
2 2 10
2 log 5.580
2 log 6.356
1log 3.540
21
log 3.7802
p
p
p
p
H H K
O O K
H O H O K
H O OH H K
= −
= −
+ = −
+ = −
The equilibrium constant is:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )for the reaction
E F
A B
E F
p A B E F
A B
p p K A B E F
p p
ν ν
ν ν ν ν ν ν = + +
where all partial pressures are measured in atmospheres. The mixture before and after the
reaction may be treated as an ideal gas. Determine the final partial pressures of the six
products considered.
Note: You cannot hope to finish this problem in the time allotted. Proceed as if you did have
enough time and you should be able to get to the point where you would need a computer to
A tank of fixed volume V is filled with a saturated mixture with both liquid and vapor present.Gravity is present so the liquid is on the bottom and the vapor above. Other than this separation
of phases, gravity has no other effect (neglect pressure gradients). The tank is perfectly
insulated. A very slow leak is present. Set up the equations you would need to solve that wouldtell you the temperature and pressure in the tank as a function of mass in the tank. You may
assume that tables of properties are available. There is no way you can solve these equationshere, so indicate a method you would use to actually solve the equations. Be sure to state anyassumptions or simplifications you make. Please use standard nomenclature such as subscript ƒ
for the fluid phase and g for the vapor phase.
Would it make any difference if the leak were from a hole at the top versus the bottom?