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Reading1 Read the text and circle five from statements a–i which
reflect the content of the text.
The written word
Given how much time we seem to spend talking to eachother, it is surprising to learn that most of ourcommunication is not face to face, or even voice to voice.It is done in writing. The method used is not pen andpaper, but electronic. Texting on mobile phones andsending emails are ways of communicating that wereunthought of twenty years ago, yet here at the beginningof the twenty-first century they have become the mostpopular form of correspondence. Why is it that so manypeople now prefer to send a text message or an emailthan to use the telephone to speak to each other?
One reason is clarity. When texting or writing an emailyou can ‘say’ exactly what you want to say and the otherperson has to ‘listen’. They cannot interrupt you ordistract you. You have time to organise your thoughts,correct mistakes or change ideas. You can also get directlyto the point without spending time on the socialformalities.
A second reason is convenience. A written message can beread when it is convenient for the reader, whereas aphone call cannot always be answered or may interruptother activities. The written message can also be re-readand easily stored if necessary. It is also convenient for thesender, who can even take part in a text conversationwhile doing other things at the same time!
Thirdly, of course, it is fun! Having a text conversation orchatting on the net involves finger skills, speed and theuse of a specialised language which continues to changeand develop to allow speed to increase. The use of such acode has its attractions.
What is a little frightening is that electroniccommunication means that people have to leave theirhouses or physically speak to others less and less often.There is the chance that we might gradually lose thesocial skills we need to talk to each other and becomemore and more isolated in front of our computers withour mobile phones beside us.
a We communicate with each other in writing more thanany other form of communication.
b It is difficult to learn the special language used in textmessages.
c Receiving a phone call can disturb what you are doing.d The language of text messages is changing so that
messages can be written more quickly.e The rise of electronic communication was predicted many
years ago.
f Writing text messages can harm the fingers.g You have time to think about what you want to say in an
email.h It is useful to be able to keep phone messages.i There is a danger that people will forget how to
communicate face to face.
Vocabulary2 Complete the sentences with these words.
• dress rehearsal • frown • hand movements • body language • eye-contact • posture • clutched • facial expression • first impression • handshake
1 If you don’t want to speak to someone, don’t make
.
2 Practise what you are going to say before an important
event by having a .3 Remember, your shows people how
you are feeling before you open your mouth to sayanything.
4 Don’t . It makes you look angry.
5 You could tell Emma Sharpe was nervous. She
her handbag on her knee throughout
the interview.6 Jackie has very good and always holds
her head high.7 When we first met, Mike made a good .
He seemed intelligent and confident.
8 The interviewee tried to appear calm but his
said something different. He kept
playing with his tie.9 You can learn a lot from a person’s .
How they sit and move can tell you many things.10 The interviewer had a very strong .
I couldn’t stop tears coming to my eyes.
3 Underline the correct adjective in each sentence.
1 Laura lay in bed listening to the footsteps getting closer.She was terrified / nervous.
2 The police were very cool / cautious about approachingthe escaped prisoner because he was holding a gun.
3 If I don’t have enough time to do my work, I get nervous /stressed.
4 I always get cautious / nervous before an exam but I thinkit helps me concentrate.
5 He’s so cool / relieved. Nothing worries him.5
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4 Replace the words in italic with these adjectives. Youmay have to change the word order.
Reading1 Each of the sentences a–e fits into a gap in the extract
from an article about Barbados. Decide where eachsentence best fits.
a These are actually long, hanging branches and leaves.b The Barbadian dialect has been made the national
language and traditional festivals have beenreintroduced.
c Its history, however, has involved many different cultures.d During that time the country became extremely
important for sugar production and slaves were broughthere from Africa to work in the sugar fields.
e These people were taken from the island as slaves by theSpanish in the early sixteenth century.
A Caribbean island paradise?
Barbados is an island in the Caribbean which has becomeone of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.Today it has its own special identity. 1
Amerindians, Africans and Europeans have all left theirmark on this tiny island.
It was first settled by Amerindians from Venezuela whofarmed, fished and made pottery. 2 The islandwas rediscovered by the English 20 years later and named‘Barbados’ probably because of the special trees whichgrow there and seem to have long ‘beards’. 3
Barbados remained part of the British Empire for severalhundred years until it achieved independence in 1966.4 . After slavery was abolished in 1834 theBarbadians had a long fight for equality.
They were finally given independence, and after a longhistory of British influence, they have been trying to findtheir own identity. 5 These feature localcostumes, music, dance and food and drink. Today,Barbados is well known for its tourism and its rum, adrink which is exported all over the world.
Vocabulary2 Complete the sentences with these words.
1 Although Ewa moved to Italy when she got married 50
years ago, she has never forgotten her .2 Julia helps with their applications to
stay in this country. Many are in danger if they return totheir own countries.
3 The United Kingdom has about 59 million
.
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Grammar5 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct passive form.
Mark Have you heard that a painting 1
(steal) from the City Art Gallery last night?
Hazel No! Which one?
Mark Your favourite – the Van Gogh. The alarms didn’t go
off because the wires 2 (cut).
Hazel What about the security cameras? Surely everything3 (recorded) 24 hours a day?
Mark Well, apparently it 4 (discover) this
morning, that no film 5 (put) in
the security cameras, so there’s nothing to watch.
6 Rewrite these sentences in the passive form.
1 The interviewer was asking the Prime Minister animportant question when the lights went out.
The Prime Minister 2 Someone had broken my kitchen window.
My kitchen window 3 Someone stole my car from the car park.
My car 4 They’ve identified the murderer as Martin James.
Martin James 5 Manet didn’t paint that picture.
That picture 6 Someone will find the missing report.
The missing report 7 They are going to hold the concert in the park.
The concert 8 Someone is meeting me at the airport.
I 9 They collect the rubbish every Monday morning.
The rubbish 10 They are repairing the television now.
The television
Writing7 You read this in a magazine. ‘Have you ever had a really
interesting or strange experience while on holiday?Write a story about it for our competition.’
You decide to enter the competition. Write your story inabout 200–250 words.
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SpeakingAsking for and giving information
Student A
You are interested in buying a new electronic dictionarycalled ‘English in your pocket.’ Ask the shop assistant(Student B) some questions to find out the followinginformation about the product.
• its purpose• how it functions• good points• its price
You speak first.
Student B
You are a sales assistant in a shop. A customer (Student A)asks you some questions about a new electronicdictionary advertised as ‘English in your pocket’. Thisinformation will help you answer the questions.
• new translating machine• speak into microphone, translation on screen• small, voice responsive, accurate• £250
Reading1 Read this extract from an article about risk takers and
decide whether statements 1–5 are true or falseaccording to the text. Write T or F in each box.
Addicted to risk
For some people risk is essential to their lives. They likeuncertainty and excitement, whereas others are happy tofollow a known path, preferring security and safety to theunexpected. For the risk takers, dangers and challengesgive them a feeling similar to that of drinking alcohol ortaking drugs. It can be said they have become addicted torisk. They are prepared to risk their health, money andeven their freedom.
The search for more and more extreme sports continuesand people are constantly trying to enter the recordbooks. How long can a person spend under water andhow deep can that person go? How many days cansomeone live without food, or even water? There arepeople who spend their lives trying to answer questionslike these.
Others risk what money they have to make more, eitherat the casino or in business. We often criticise the casinoaddicts for risking their money through gambling, butpraise the business risk takers for their courage. Thesepeople cannot stop whatever they achieve because theycan always see the next goal to aim for.
Risk taking can even attract people to crime. Getting awaywith a crime can become a way of life. The risk here isbeing caught and punished.
However, without risk takers our world would not be thesame. It would be less exciting, less competitive and itshould be remembered that if pioneers, inventors andexplorers had not lived on the edge, life today would becompletely different.
1 Most people like to take risks.2 Taking a risk is not like taking drugs.3 Some people risk their lives trying to break records.4 We often admire gamblers.5 Some risk takers have done good things
for the world.
Vocabulary2 Choose the correct answer, a or b.
1 Your teacher will your work at the end of term.a measure b assess
2 The riskometer the risk of doing something.a assesses b measures
3 We should always consider the of our actions.a consequences b reasons
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4 Mrs Atkinson will phone you as soon as she finishes her
meeting. Thank you for calling.
5 Does Steve ever arrive at work before 10 o’clock?
Grammar5 Combine these pairs of sentences to make one sentence
using either a defining or non-defining relative clause.
1 Janet’s father works at the bank. He’s very clever.
Janet’s father 2 That’s the restaurant. We had a meal there on my
birthday.
That’s the restaurant 3 Ruth bought a new car last week. It’s broken down
already.
The car 4 My best friend went to England last year. His name is
Alex.
My best friend 5 We took a ferry to France. It had five restaurants.
The ferry 6 The hotel was very old and beautiful. It was by a lake.
The hotel 7 I spoke to a man on the phone. He told me to call back
later.
The man 8 My grandmother took a trip on a helicopter. She is
seventy-five.
My grandmother 9 I wrote a story for the competition. It won first prize.
The story 10 I chose a pair of trainers. They were the most expensive.
I chose
6 Fill the gaps with who, which, where, or 0 (to show norelative pronoun is needed).
I read an article in the newspaper yesterday1 was very interesting. It was about a
woman 2 had lost her memory for five
years. The woman, 3 loved dangerous
sports, had jumped with a parachute from a plane and had
landed badly. Fortunately, the field 4 she
landed in had long grass and she didn’t break any bones.
However, she hit her head 5 caused her to
lose her memory. 5
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Writing7 You have decided to go on the holiday advertised below.
Write a letter (120–150 words) to a friend telling themabout it.
MOUNTAIN BIKING IN PERU
Experience adventure in the Andes mountains inPeru
Join us for a 14-night camping trip in some of the mostchallenging mountain conditions in South America.Bikes, tents and all food are included in the price. Bring a sleeping bag and arrange your own flight toLima. We will collect you at the airport and drop you offthere at the end of the trip.
SpeakingAsking for and giving information
Student A
You would like to be a driving instructor. Your friend(Student B) does this job and you ask him / her somequestions about it. Ask about the following:
• good points about the job.• bad points.• dangers.• qualities you need.• how well paid.
You speak first.
Student B
You are a driving instructor and your friend (Student A) isthinking about doing the same job. Answer his / herquestions using this information:
• meet a lot of people, like cars and driving, good whenpeople pass.
• hard work, long hours.• some people are dangerous drivers.• must be patient, good driver, calm.• not very well paid but OK.
Reading1 Read the following article about polar bears and decide
whether statements 1–5 are true or false. Write T or F ineach box.
Successful protection
The beautiful white polar bear, which lives in the coldarctic climate, is a relatively new species – only 150,000years old. It is a descendant of the brown bear whichmoved north in its search for food. Over time the bearchanged shape and developed different teeth and a whitecoat to adapt to life on the ice.
Like many other beautiful animals it was hunted by manuntil the decreasing number of bears started to concernthe five countries they live in. Norway, Canada, theUnited States, the Soviet Union and Denmark (Greenlandis part of the Kingdom of Denmark) took action in the1960s to protect the polar bear. Thanks to their efforts,the polar bear population is firmly established again.
Norway and the Soviet Union made hunting completelyillegal. Canada regularly checks the number of bears andlimits the amount of hunting. The United States andGreenland both allow a certain number of bears to bekilled each year by people who are native to the areas(such as Eskimos) and depend on the bear to supporttheir lives. Canada and Norway both have protected areaswhere the bears can live in safety from hunters. In 1973the five countries signed an international protectionagreement.
Today there are new fears. Russia is worried about illegalhunting and also believes that the bears are in dangerfrom oil spills from ships in the rivers that lead to theArctic Ocean. Poisons have been found in the bears. Thisis possibly a result of water pollution which passes alongthe food chain, as animals hunt and are hunted by otheranimals. The poison gets stronger by the time it reachesthe bears.
The steps taken to protect these animals have, so far,been successful and are a good example of howinternational concern and co-operation can preventspecies from becoming endangered. It is hoped that thenew dangers the bears face can be dealt with aseffectively.
1 The brown bear is the ancestor of the polar bear.2 The number of polar bears today is increasing.3 Some hunting is still legal.4 Water pollution is a danger because the bears
eat animals which are poisoned.5 The polar bear is no longer endangered.
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3 The film about the terrible life of bears in cages was
responsible for a change in the law.
4 When you get a new cat it can take several days for it to
become familiar with its new home.
5 He became conscious two hours after the operation.
Grammar5 Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first sentence.
1 I’m not a teacher because I don’t have the qualifications.
If I 2 I’m studying Maths because I like it.
If I 3 Going for a walk depends on the rain stopping.
If the rain 4 Rita might lose her job because she doesn’t work very
hard.
If Rita 5 I’d like to buy a big present for him but I haven’t got
enough money.
If I 6 Ben wants to go to the cinema but it depends on his
girlfriend feeling well enough.
If Ben’s girlfriend 7 You must slow down. We might get a fine for speeding.
If you 8 I’d like to buy a new car, but I need to sell my old one.
If someone 9 I’m at work so I can’t sunbathe in the park.
If I 10 I can’t give you a lift because my car’s at the garage.
If my car
6 Complete the sentences using the verbs in the bracketsin the correct form and could or would when necessary.
1 Lucy’s parents are going to Spain on holiday, but she has
to go to school. She wishes she (go)
with them.
2 I’d love to buy that black dress. I wish I
(have) the money.
3 We need to leave now. I wish you
(hurry up).
4 Marcus always forgets things. He wishes he
(not have) such a bad memory.
5 Shona gets embarrassed when she’s in Nick’s yellow car.
Writing7 Write a composition of 200–250 words with the title:
If you had enough money to travel anywhere in theworld, which three places would you visit and why?
SpeakingStimulus-based discussion: crime today
Preparation time: 1 minute. Work in pairs.
You have 3–4 minutes to have a discussion based on theseheadlines, photographs and questions.
Questions
1 What do the photos show?2 Why do you think people commit crimes like these?3 Which crimes concern you most?4 What can ordinary people to do stop crime?5 What other ways are there to reduce the crime rate?
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4 According to the writer, in today’s worlda we don’t have so much free time.b train journeys are more interesting than before.c we don’t need to spend so much time in the office.d we have more work to do.
5 The writer concludes that in the futurea we may see negative results from a faster pace of life.b we’ll never get used to the increased pace of life.c it will be better to do things more quickly.d life will be very expensive.
in the afternoons. In the mornings they can watch the3 of the local market while they sit4 drinking their coffee. They managed to5 the cottage six months ago after
searching for two years. They love living in Spain.
Reading1 Read the text and circle the best answer, a, b, c or d.
The speed of life
How much faster can life become? Will people be able tocope, both physically and mentally? The original idea oftime-saving devices is to make certain tasks and activitiesquicker and easier, but over time, these devices havebrought about dramatic changes to our lifestyle that arenot necessarily good for us in the long term.
We can see this particularly in the field ofcommunication. The mobile phone, one of the mostpopular, affordable and available means ofcommunication has given us freedom and speed. Wehave the freedom to phone when and from where welike. Because of this, information passes between peoplewithout the need to meet face to face.
Mobile phones have also greatly increased the speed oflife. We can communicate business ideas from a car parkor even from the bath! Accidents can be reportedimmediately and getting injured people to a hospitalmore quickly saves lives. Time is saved in so many ways,some of them very simple. While waiting for someone ina café – you can phone them from your table to givethem directions, again saving valuable time.
However, in spite of increasing our freedom in manyways, we are beginning to see a restriction of freedom inother ways. Business can now be conducted on the trainto work and this journey is no longer relaxing. It is theoffice. Business done here means more time for morebusiness later on. In addition to this, we can now becontacted even when we don’t want to be. Many peoplecannot bear to switch off the phone in case of emergencyand if you do switch it off, you’ll later be asked why!
Mobile phones are just one way we can see that faster isnot necessarily better, but life moves on and we shallmanage. The question is – what will be the eventual cost?
1 Time-saving devices havea changed our lives for the better.b not really changed our lives at all.c changed our lives in both good and bad ways.d changed how we think about tasks.
2 Mobile phones allow us toa have cheaper phone bills.b phone from anywhere we like.c see and hear the person on the phone.d send messages very quickly.
3 Because of mobile phonesa we can talk to our friends from the bath.b business partners often meet in car parks.c there are more accidents.d we don’t waste so much time.
1 ‘Both the meal and the service were appalling,’ she said.
She 2 ‘Meg, I’m going to a job interview today,’ said Susan.
Susan 3 ‘I would also like to say that I have never seen such good
work,’ said the Sales Director.
The Sales Director 4 ‘Let’s go to the football match on Saturday,’ said Mike.
Mike 5 ‘Try the restaurant in Silver Street,’ said Jane.
Jane 6 ‘I think your conclusions are right John,’ said the teacher.
The teacher 7 ‘I stole the necklace,’ said the boy.
The boy 8 ‘Don’t worry Ben, I’ll definitely help you with the essay.’
said his brother.
Ben’s brother 9 ‘I’m late home because I went to the supermarket,’ said Pat.
Pat 10 ‘OK. You’re right. I was in the café at 8 o’clock,’ said Mark.
Mark
6 Change the following statements into reportedquestions.
1 ‘What are you reading, Janet?’ asked Julian.
2 ‘Do you often travel to London?’ the teacher asked theclass.
3 ‘How many times have you been to Scotland?’ Jamesasked Bill.
4 ‘Have you ever been skiing?’ Ben asked his uncle.
5 ‘Will you give me a lift tomorrow afternoon?’ Tom askedhis mother.
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Writing7 You see this job advertisement in the local newspaper.
Write a letter of application addressing the pointsmentioned in the advertisement. (120–150 words)
SpeakingPhoto discussion
In pairs, Student A look at photographs 1, Student B look atphotographs 2. Take it in turns to ask and answer questionsabout the photographs.
Student A: ask B
• what he / she can see in the photo.• what issues are shown in the photo.• what action the government should take.• how he / she copes in this situation.
Student B: ask A
• what the photo shows.• what problem the photo shows.• how the person could protect himself.• how this situation could be avoided.
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Are you a caring person?Malford West Centre for the homeless needs you
We are looking for an enthusiastic and caring young person to join our team running the centre.
• Do you get on well with people of all ages?• Do you have good organisational skills?• Do you have any experience of looking after others?• Are you responsible and reliable?
If you answered ‘yes’ to these questions, we would like to hearfrom you.
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3 Replace the words and phrases in italics with the correctform of these phrasal verbs.
• pull out of • bring about • hold up • give up • wear off• get by • work out • come up with • keep up with • take part in
1 I try to exercise five times a week.
2 My brother thought of a great idea for the party.
3 Sandy walks too fast for me to go at the same speed as
her.
4 When you’re out of work you have to manage to live on a
smaller income.
5 The car broke down in the city centre but luckily it was
moved quickly so it didn’t delay the traffic.
6 The dentist gave me an injection so I didn’t feel anything,
but it lost effect quite quickly.
7 Great changes in communication have been made possible
by computers.
8 Kirsty couldn’t enter the marathon because she was ill.
9 Several countries have already left the international
discussions about the environment.
10 You mustn’t stop trying. You’ll succeed in the end.
4 Underline the correct word in each sentence.
1 He never stops to consider the reasons / consequences ofhis actions.
2 I hope the new parking fees don’t upset the residents /refugees in this area.
3 It is likely / believable that more endangered species willbe protected by government action.
4 The forest fires were a(n) accident / disaster for thecountry.
5 Most staff have worked in this company for a long time,so I’d be nervous / cautious about introducing bigchanges, if I were you.
Reading1 Each of the sentences a–e fits into a gap in the text
about body language at interviews. Decide where eachsentence fits best.
a Another piece of advice is to develop a firm handshake –weak handshakes never impress.
b These actions should be kept to a minimum during a jobinterview.
c It is simply unfortunate if the interviewer happens to beleft-handed.
d In general men have an advantage when it comes torevealing nervousness through body language.
e Keep your chin up and try to look either at the desk or atthe interviewer.
Tips for body language during interviews
There are several crucial points about body language tobe aware of. 1 They tend to sit still, whereaswomen often move their arms a lot or cross their legsand swing the top leg, or clutch at their handbags.2
Keeping control of facial expressions is the most difficultart to master. Try to nod occasionally when questions arebeing asked, but avoid looking like a toy dog with anodding head. 3 Never look at a point just abovethe interviewer’s head – it will make him or her nervous.
4 But wait to have your hand shaken by theinterviewer rather than making the first move. If you arecarrying a bag when you enter the room, it is veryimportant to keep it in the left hand to makehandshaking easier. 5
Vocabulary2 Complete the sentences with these adjectives.
1 Our new Spanish teacher seemed very by how much we had already learned.
2 Larry was about asking his boss formore time off. She hadn’t been very happy about it lasttime.
3 I wasn’t looking forward to such a long plane journeywith my sister’s young children, but it was
and went very well.
4 Dave thought Sheila was away on holiday, but as he
entered the office he heard her voice.
5 Although Mary spoke quietly and was quite nervous
during the interview, she was about her ability to do the job.
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Grammar5 Complete the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets. Use the simple past or present perfect, in apassive form, if necessary.
I 1 ( just read) the most fantastic book.
It 2 (write) by an American woman who3 (spend) a year living in the Arctic.
I 4 (always want) to travel to colder
countries and I 5 (try) to find a good
travel book about the Arctic for ages.
6 Complete the sentences with who, which, where or 0(if no relative pronoun is needed).
1 The letter, had already been opened,was on the table.
2 The birthday present I sent to my sistergot lost in the post.
3 On Saturday, I met an interesting man had spent 10 years in Australia.
4 They stayed at the hotel the story of‘Mungo’ was filmed.
5 I’m sorry, but the assistant I spoke togave me the wrong price.
7 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets inthe correct form, and add could or would if necessary.
1 I wish I (go) to Italy with you but I’vegot to be at work that week.
2 If I (have) a newer car, I would drive itthrough Europe on holiday.
3 I wish you (see) me now! I’m lying on abeach in the sunshine.
4 If I finish my work in time, I (visit) youon my way home.
5 If Martin did more exercise he (not be)so overweight.
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8 Rewrite this dialogue in reported speech.
Anne Do you like living in London?Mark I preferred Paris. When are you going back to
America?Anne I’ll be moving back in six months. I’ve had a really
good time in England.
Listening9 Listen to a radio programme about an author and
choose the correct answer a, b or c.
1 Today, the author, J.K.Rowlinga lives in Edinburgh.b writes fairytales.c has an expensive house.
2 Before she became famous shea went to university abroad.b was an English teacher.c had two children.
3 She wrote her first booka while her daughter was still a baby.b using a computer.c while working in a café.
4 The Harry Potter books are so successful that theya have won four awards.b are sold in 30 countries.c have been published in 33 languages.
5 Her latest book is unusual becausea all the new copies of it were destroyed in a flood.b so many people ordered it before it was published.c booksellers sold more of it than any new book before.