New Frontiers in Mapping Biodiversity Specimen Data Gail E. Kampmeier Illinois Natural History Survey Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign 7th International Congress of Dipterology Symposium: Getting Diptera taxonomy up-to-date: New frontiers & the Web
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New Frontiers in Mapping Biodiversity Specimen Data Gail E. Kampmeier Illinois Natural History Survey Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability University.
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New Frontiers in Mapping Biodiversity Specimen Data
Gail E. KampmeierIllinois Natural History Survey
Institute of Natural Resource SustainabilityUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
7th International Congress of Dipterology
Symposium: Getting Diptera taxonomy up-to-date: New frontiers & the Web
What Does this Mean for Dipterists?
Short-term goals Publication Looking for trends Where do species exist relative to one
another? In geologic time Finding outliers in your data (data cleaning) Planning collecting expeditions for fresh
specimens Providing checklists of species Meeting the terms of a grant or project
Long-term Goals Synergy of combining your data with that of others Analyze trends with diverse & more comprehensive
data sets Reveal how species respond to environmental
changes Contributes to land management decisions Indicators of environmental health Range expansion or extinction Potential for invasive species Google, LifeMapper, DesktopGARP, OpenModeler, &
Spire: ELVIS
Many other uses http://www.biogeomancer.org/bg_library/references/uses/ Improve the ease of sharing data
Ratified in October 2009, the DwC includes not only descriptive political & geographical terms, but extensive ability to record georeferencing terms
Verbatim Interpreted Datum Uncertainty Precision Protocol Sources Status
Standards: Darwin Core (DwC)
Fitness-for-Use For some applications, data
quality may be low (e.g., accurate to the county/province level) but adequate for the scale of the question being asked: Does this species occur in Costa Rica?
However, Does this species occur with this soil type or habitat type? will require more accurate & precise data
Online Mapping Google Maps http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&tab=wl Google Earth http://earth.google.com/intl/en/ DiscoverLife.org – create albums with photos
J.A. Olson (2010) Data as a Service: Are we in the clouds?
Daas (Data as a Service) Clearinghouse style environment –
remote data storage & maintenance usually provided by companies – generally less useful to biodiversity community except for archiving
Biodiversity community might use US Geological Survey & statewide GIS clearinghouses that provide downloadable mapping layers
Crowd Sourcing in the Cloud
Collaborative projects where all participants can see, use, & contribute data
“Most crowd-based projects are more likely to be locally created and have details and features that commercial data sets do not have. They can be created by groups within a government agency, or groups of researchers, or even a combination of these from around the world working on a project together. Large or small, I believe that crowd sourcing will become the mainstream of scholarship in the near future.” J.A. Olson
Caveat: What happens when it rains?
VertNet: Vertebrate Biodiversity Data in the Cloud Combines global networked information systems for
VertNet: A New Model in the Cloud Consolidating services
utilizing Google App Engine
Contributors will use a web-based administrative interface to create a provider in the cloud
More scalable, responsive, & sustainable than traditionally maintained contributor server installations
Estimated 16-fold reduction in annual operating costs
Not yet live
DiscoverLife: Operates as a Cloud John Pickering asks “Why try to get taxonomists
to spend their time conforming to standards?” Artificial Language processor has “standards” ~40 routines run on data, including language
recognition Upload a file, send a CD or an email attachment
or point to access your data as Excel® ASCII, tab-delimited text, UTF-8, or with entity codes
Will work with data providers to improve accuracy
Will send data to GBIF at request of provider already maps all of GBIF’s data through an MOU*)
Funded in part through NBII** Maps 22K points/sec; tested with >3M points
* Memorandum of Understanding; ** National Biological Information Infrastructure
Mapping Multiple Species
Access to Specific Records
Using Discover Life’s Albums
Map your records & see details
Techie Solutions for Mapping
Using Google Spreadsheets with Google Maps for Flash (via Yahoo Pipes http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/ ) http://biodivertido.blogspot.com/2009/06/using-google-spreadsheets-with-google.html
Google Earth Spreadsheet Mapper http://earth.google.com/outreach/tutorial_spreadsheet.html
DIVA-GIS http://www.diva-gis.org/ FOSS4G (Free & Open Source Software for Geospatial)
conference – resources, talks, etc. from 2009 http://2009.foss4g.org/presentations/
ArcGIS Online http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisonline/ World Wind Java SDK http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/ Comparison of selected web map services
Constable, et al. (2010) VertNet: A new model for biodiversity data sharing. PLoS Biology 8(2):e1000309 http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000309
References & Resources Hill A.W., J. Otegui, A.H. Ariño, & R.P Guralnick (2010).
Future directions and recommendations for enhancing fitness-for-use across the GBIF network. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 29 pp. anticipated http://www.gbif.org/communications/resources/print-and-online-resources/download-publications/bookelets/
Chapman, A.D. (2005). Principles of Data Quality, version 1. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 58 pp. http://www2.gbif.org/DataQuality.pdf
Olson (2010) Data as a service: Are we in the clouds? Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 6(1): 76-78. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a918167873~tab=linking
Hutchison, R.L. (2008) Table of lat/long equivalents in km & miles http://www.zodiacal.com/tools/lat_table.php