Networks: Some Notes Diego Maranan [email protected] Faculty of Information and Communication Studies, UP Open University GS 197, 11 December 2008
Jan 19, 2015
Networks: Some Notes
Diego Maranan [email protected] of Information and Communication Studies, UP Open UniversityGS 197, 11 December 2008
slides omitted from last time
email addresses
issues/questions/reactions from previous class
(there are no stupid questions)
Networks: A special kind of graph
● Graph: A collection of nodes interconnected by paths
● Network: A collection of nodes interconnected by communication paths
What does this have to do with culture?
Analyzing networks may provide answers to interesting and important questions regarding anything that can be represented as a network:
bodies of knowledgecommunitiesorganizations
Are “artificial” groups consistent with de facto, “naturally-occuring” groups?
How robust is the network to ruptures?
Who/what is on the periphery?
Which are nodes connecting different sub-groups? How should we treat these nodes differently?
What does the shape of the network suggest about how knowledge circulates in the network
Examples
The Network of Scientific Knowledge (Boyard, 2005)
Maps generated using eight different journal-journal similarity measures
“Biochemistry appears as the most interdisciplinary discipline in science.”
The Internet on Jan 16, 2005www.opte.org
This image shows the hierarchical structure of the Internet, based on the connections between individual nodes (such as service providers). Three distinct regions are apparent: an inner core of highly connected nodes, an outer periphery of isolated networks, and a mantle-like mass of peer-connected nodes. The bigger the node, the more connections it has. Those nodes that are closest to the center are connected to more well-connected nodes than are those on the periphery.”
http://www.technologyreview.com/player/07/06/19Rowe/1.aspx
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The core: At the center of the Internet are about 80 core nodes through which most traffic flows. Remove the core, and 70 percent of the other nodes are still able to function through peer-to-peer connections.
http://www.technologyreview.com/player/07/06/19Rowe/2.aspx
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The periphery: At the very edge of the Internet are 5,000 or so isolated nodes that are the most dependent upon the core and become cut off if the core is removed or shut down. Yet those nodes within this periphery are able to stay connected because of their peer-to-peer connections.
http://www.technologyreview.com/player/07/06/19Rowe/3.aspx
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Mycelium (fungi)
“Nature's original Internet”
(Paul Stamets, 2007)
The notion of the rhizome (Deleuze and Guattari,1987)
● Connective– Connections are possible at any point
● Heterogenous– Unlike items can be connected
● Robust/“asignifying rupture” – e.g., peer-to-peer connections that allow the
Internet to function even when the most highly-connected nodes are remocd
Network economicsScarcity does not increase value: How useful was it to
have owned a fax machine when it first came out?
http://flickr.com/photos/nbr/2707844343/sizes/o/
Social Networks (1)
Social networking
My facebook networkgenerated using http://nexus.ludios.net
Social Networks: Linking Subgroups in my network
orphaned nodes and subgroups
nodes connecting subgroups
Developed at the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at University of Maryland
Simultaneously presents statisical analysis alongside social network analysis graph1
SNAs can be used to examine power relations2
Screenshot from http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialaction [1] Adam Perer, & Ben Shneiderman. (2008). Integrating Statistics and Visualization: Case Studies of Gaining Clarity during Exploratory Data Analysis. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Florence, Italy. [2] e.g., Padgett, J. F., & Ansell, C. K. (1993). Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434. American Journal of Sociology, 98(6), 1259.
Social network analysis
(SocialAction... in action.)
Some Networked Art Projects I'm Working On
Open Source Dancehttp://www.slideshare.net/diegomaranan/open-source-dance-presentation/
Building dance communities through sharing Creative Commons-licensed choreography and tracking the flow of choreographic ideas across dance communities
Independent Cinema Portalhttp://www.slideshare.net/diegomaranan/proposal-for-a-portal-to-philippine-cinema-using-data-
visualization-techniques-presentation/
Facilitating insights into independent cinemas in the Philippines (but can be extended easily to cover global cinemas) using data publicly available on the web and data visualization techniques
The Apology Projecthttp://sites.google.com/site/diegomarananprojects/todo/on-hold/The-Apology-Project
A Web 2.0 platform for public apologies
salamat