NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY8085projects.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/154-189-2016-FPR.pdf · 1 | P a g e NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY EC- 316 MICROPROCESSORS LAB

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NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

EC- 316 MICROPROCESSORS LAB PROJECT

HIT WHEN RED

Submitted by:

Sanchit Chopra (154/EC/13)

[email protected]

Vikhyat Chopra (189/EC/13)

[email protected]

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to sincerely thank Prof. Dhananjay V. Gadre for providing us this

opportunity as a part of our EC-316 coursework and for his endless support and

motivation during the entire project development. We would also like to thank

our friends who helped us in the process. We would also like to mention Vinod

Sir, who helped us with the necessary components and tools required for the

project completion.

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CONTENTS

1. Title Page ……………………………………………………………………………….1

2. Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………....2

3. Synopsis………………………………………………………………………………….4

4. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….5

5. Project Description………………………………………………………………….6

6. Schematic File…………………………………………………………………………7

7. Board File………………………………………………………………………………..8

8. Hardware Photographs……………………………………………………………9

9. Gist of Code…………………………………………………………………………..11

10. Flowchart…………………………………………………………………………….12

11. Testing…………………………………………………………………………………13

12. Proposed Timeline……………………………………………………………….14

13. Actual Timeline……………………………………………………………………15

14. Tools Used…………………………………………………………………………..16

15. Bill of Materials……………………………………………………………………17

16. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………18

17. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………19

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SYNOPSIS

The circuit has 3 RGB LEDs, a push button and two segment displays to display the

score. Each RGB LED is capable of producing seven different colors. During each

round, colors will be randomly generated in each LED. If any of the LEDs has ONLY

RED color, the player has to press the button within a stipulated time. Doing this

gets you one point, failing to do this ends the game. The speed of the game

increases as the game progresses. The working of the game can be divided into

four cases, namely:

1. ONLY RED color is produced, and button is pressed :

The score is incremented, speed of the game increases and player moves

on to the next round

2. ONLY RED color is produced, and button is not pressed :

The game ends, and the score is displayed

3. ONLY RED color is not produced, and button is pressed :

The game ends, and the score is displayed

4. ONLY RED color is not produced, and button is not pressed :

Player moves on to the next round. Neither the score, nor the speed of the

game increases

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INTRODUCTION

The project is based upon 8085 Microprocessor, an 8-bit microprocessor. The

8085 Microprocessor has eight registers namely; A, F, B, C, D, E, H and L and can

be used in pairs or individually as per the desired word length. The processor is

connected to external RAM and EEPROM and needs a 5V power supply for

operation.

The game relies on the response time of the player who’s playing the game. The

player needs to process the colors shown on the LEDs, and has to generate an

appropriate button action, all within a stipulated duration of time. The speed of

the game increases as the game progresses, thereby increasing the amount of

effort required.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The requirement of this project is to connect three RGB LEDs, 1 push-button and

two 7-segments. Connections for the above devices are facilitated by three

output latches. A decoding circuit is also designed to manage proper control of

these devices. Three RGB LEDs are connected to one latch, while both the 7-

segments are connected to one latch each. Another decoder circuit is used to

generate the necessary control signals to access memory and input-output

devices as per the requirement. Entire system is powered with a help of USB

Connector supplied with 5 Volts. These all components including 8085

Microprocessor, 32k EEPROM, 32k RAM and address latch make the building

blocks of our project ‘Hit When Red’.

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SCHEMATIC FILE

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BOARD FILE

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HARDWARE PHOTOGRAPHS

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GIST OF CODE

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TESTING

After the board (hardware) and code (software) were ready, it was time to test it

and get the things working. Modular testing technique was adopted and various

elements were tested sequentially. Firstly each of the individual ICs was checked

by connecting a multimeter to their power pins, and it was ensured that the

power signal reaches them for their proper functioning. This ensured correct

interconnection between the power supply and each of the ICs. After that, a

simple ‘SID-SOD-Test-Code’ was uploaded to test the basic working and

synchronization between 8085, RAM, ROM and Address Latch. After verifying the

system components it was necessary to test the peripherals (7-segments, LEDs).

This was ensured by writing a simple code that lit up all the LEDs and displayed

data on all the 7-segments. The LEDs and the seven segments gave the required

output, but we observed that the intensity of one seven segment was very low.

We found out that the latch corresponding to this seven segment was not

working properly, and so we replaced it. Following this, the intensity of the seven

segment grew normal.

To integrate the software and the hardware, we burnt the assembly language

code into the ROM and tested it with our board. The code did not yield the

required output at first. What followed was comprehensive debugging, wherein

we tried resolving one problem at a time. We started with color generation and

concluded with the scoring mechanism. The color generation table had a mistake

due to which the game ended when one of the LEDs displayed purple color. To fix

this, we checked the color generation table for each possible case, and fixed the

error.

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PROPOSED TIMELINE

Beginning Date End Date Duration Task

16th January 29th February 45 days Studying the concepts important for making the project

Creating a schematic and checking it for errors

Correcting errors in the schematic and moving to subsequent drafts

Finalize schematic and generate board file for the same

1st March 20th March 20 days Sending the board file for fabrication and receiving the fabricated PCBs

5th March 15th April 40 days Devising the required logic

Writing down a first draft of the code

Debugging and creating subsequent drafts

Eventually have a code that is ready to test on the board

20th April 10th May 20 days Soldering components on the board

Testing for the proper functioning of SID-SOD operations

Testing the code on the board

Debugging

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ACTUAL TIMELINE

Beginning Date End Date Duration Task

16th January 10th March 55 days Studying the concepts important for making the project

Creating a schematic and checking it for errors

Correcting errors in the schematic and moving to subsequent drafts

Finalize schematic and generate board file for the same

20th March 5th April 15 days Sending the board file for fabrication and receiving the fabricated PCBs

25th March 20th April 25 days Devising the required logic

Writing down a first draft of the code

Debugging and creating subsequent drafts

Eventually have a code that is ready to test on the board

23rd April 2nd May 10 days Soldering components on the board

Testing for the proper functioning of SID-SOD operations

Testing the code on the board

Debugging

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TOOLS USED

The various Tools (Software and Hardware) required during the course of project

development are as below:

SOFTWARE TOOLS:

(i) EAGLE 7.3.0 for schematic and board layout

(ii) 8085 Simulator IDE by OshonSoft

(iii) EEPROM Programmer.jar

HARDWARE TOOLS:

(i) EEPROM Programmer Board (equipped with Shift Registers and Arduino

Nano)

(ii) Soldering Iron

(iii) Solder

(iv) Multimeter

(v) +5V DC Power Supply

(vi) Cutter, Tweezer, Hand Files

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BILL OF MATERIALS

NAME DEVICE PACKAGE QUANTITY Microprocessor 8085 DIL40 1

RAM (32K) 62256P DIL-28 1

EEPROM (32K) 28C256 DIL-28 1

Crystal (4MHz) CRYSTALHC49US HC49US 1 Latches 74HCT573N DIL-20 4

Decoders (3x8) 74HCT138N DIL-16 2 2-input NOR gate 74HC02N DIL-14 2

Resistors R-US_0204/7 0204/7 41

Capacitors C-EU025-025X050 C025-025X050 16 Capacitors CPOL-EUE2.5-7 E2-5-7 4

Push Buttons Omron 10-XX B3F-10XX 2 LEDs LED-5mm LED-5mm 2

RGB LEDs RGBLED_CA-5MM LED5MMRGB 3 Seven Segments HD-H101 HDSP-M 2

USB Connector USB (POWER) USB (POWER) 1

Header Pins (Male) M20 20P 2 Header Pins (Female) - - 4

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CONCLUSION

Overall the project was an enjoyable learning experience. It helped us develop a

deep understanding of the 8085 microprocessor and introduced us to various

aspects of PCB development. We also learned how hardware and software can

join hands and work together to make something worthy. We enjoyed and

learned a lot during the project development and recognized the importance of

Time Management and Team-work for completing important tasks. Overall we

are satisfied with the end result of our project and appreciate all the learning we

received in the process.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ramesh Gaonkar. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and

Applications with the 8085, Sixth Edition. Penram International Publishing,

2013. ISBN-978-81-87972-88-4

Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-

feedback_shift_register

Pseudo Instructions- https://www.scribd.com/doc/79734566/8085-Main-

Assembler-Directives