Nautical Publications 2 nd two-hours. 1.What does a chart include? 1. Review: 2. Why does a chart need to be kept up to date? Charts include: depths (chart.

Nautical Publications

2nd two-hours

1.What does a chart include?

1. Review:

2. Why does a chart need to be kept up to date? Charts include: depths (chart datum),coastline, bouyage, land and underwater contour lines, seabed composition (for anchoring), hazards, tidal information (“tidal diamonds” "), prominent land features (e.g. church towers), traffic separation schemes, RF direction finding information, lights, and in short anything which could assist navigation.

The seabed and the features charted change regularly and it is vitally important that users have the most up to date information.

3. How does a chart correct?

These updates are released in Admiralty Notices to Mariners weekly, indexed by a serial number and the week and year of release. An annual summary is also released shortly before the start of the sailing season. All charts should be updated regularly to maintain accuracy and safety.

2. Warm up:

Do you know the procedure and terms used in chart correction?

3. The study of Passage Two Chart Correction

Vocabulary:

1) systematic adj. 有系统的，分类的，体系的---The mistakes that are identified are not random, but systematic.这种已被确认的错误并非随机出现，而是成系统的。

2) sequence n. 次序，顺序，序列---sequence number 顺序数---sequence diagram 顺序图，程序表

3) log n. 航行日志，记录，圆木 vt. 把……记入航行日志，伐木---The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book.打捞到的东西中最有价值的是船上的航海日志。

---He logged that day's events.

---He logged the timber into 3 foot lengths.

5) indelible adj. 不能消除的，不能拭除的，难忘的

4) tracing n. 描图

---The whole incident left one indelible impression .整个事件给人留下深刻的印象。

---indelible ink 消不去的墨水

---indelible pencil 消不去的铅笔

---tracing paper 描图纸

6. vanish vi. 消失，突然不见

---Obviously they must go to sea and vanish among the innumerable islands.显然，它们必须出海并隐没在无数的岛屿之间。

---vanish into the mist 化为烟雾

---vanish from sight 消失不见；不翼而飞

7. subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的

---But why should the US do this at the cost of another debt binge and subsequent crash?但美国为什么应该以另一场负债盛宴和随后的经济崩溃为代价，采取这种做法呢？

---The problem will be discussed at length in subsequent chapters. 这个问题将在后面几章详细讨论。

---subsequent to 继…之后

8) cumulative adj. 累积的

---It is a cumulative process. 它是一个逐步累积的过程。

---cumulative evidence 累积证据

---cumulative index 累积索引

9) portion n. 部分，份

---a large(small) portion of 一大 ( 小 ) 部分

---soil holds a big portion of the earth's carbon in the form of organic matter.土地里包含了地球上的大部分碳，它们以有机物的形式出现。

10) subregion n. 分区，亚区 ；子 [ 部分 ] 区域

11) regardless of 不管，不顾

Europe subregion map

---Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.

---The new program pledged( 要求） the university to accept all graduates of high schools regardless of their entrance exam scores.  

12. insert vt. 插入，嵌入 delete vt. 删除 amend vt. 修正，改进，改正 substitute vt. 代替，替换，替代 n. 代替者，替代品

Read aloud and understand: 1. Delete feature and Insert in a different position. 2. Amend light to, Fl.3s25m10M 43° 16´·56N., 5°

20´·06E. 3. Substitute e for s (where e is the new feature)

13. inappropriate adj. 不适当的，不相称的

---Your short dress is inappropriate for a formal party.你的短衣服在正式宴会上穿不合适。

---It is inappropriate to combine many streams of thought into one river  将众多的思想归结于一处是不太合适的。

反义词： appropriate 合适的，恰当的

Passage Two Chart Correction The procedure for navigational chart correction

Navigational chart correction is systematic and follows the following sequence - the sequence is very important for accuracy.

Large corrections1. Check the charts carried on board against the Index of Affected Charts in the NM 2. Check which notices affect charts on board, and find the Notice in section II

3. Note that, at the bottom of each notice is a list of all charts affected by it, as well as the previous notice which affected that chart. This previous notice may be sometimes years old, but this information assists in confirming that the last correction(s) have been made on the chart in question.

4. Check that the previous notice has been applied to the chart (each chart has, at its bottom left, a list of corrections written on it by whoever corrected the chart. This information is also available in a separate Chart correction log that is maintained on board)

Translate the sentence into Chinese.这一预告有时候可能是几年以前发布的，

但是该信息有助于确定该海图上一次是否已改正。 in question 表示 “正被讨论或使用中的”。

5. If any charts have not been updated, they must be corrected to the previous notice before the current notice is applied. 6. Tracings are used to correct charts, when available. 7. Corrections are made in indelible ink, ensuring that standard symbols are used, that the correction is made neatly and accurately and does not obscure other information on the chart. 8. After correction, an entry is made on the bottom left of the chart as well as the chart correction log, as indicated earlier

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

采用不能拭除的墨水进行改正，并确保使用标准符号，改正整洁准确，不至于遮蔽海图上其他信息。

Small corrections These mainly consist of Temp and Preliminary

Notices (also called T and P notices) and Navigational warnings (nav warnings)

The procedure for small corrections is as follows ：1. Sections III and IV are detached from the NM and file. These give a list of T and P notices and Nav warnings still in force.

temporary Notice ：临时性警告preliminary Notices ： 预告nav warning ：无线电警告

2. Charts on board and in use in the present voyage are corrected for these notices. The correction is made in pencil. This is because these notices are transient and will change or vanish. (information available in same sections III and IV of subsequent NMs)

While on the passage, other T, P notices and Nav Warnings may be received on NAVTEX, VHF etc. Charts in use will be corrected for these as the information comes in.

How does T,P notices and Nav warnings be received?

Cumulative Notices to Mariners To assist mariners in chart correction, the British

Admiralty started publishing these in addition to the weekly NMs a couple of decades ago.

The salient （突出的） features of the Cumulative NMs are as follows:

• Published biannually, Jan and July• Contains the numbers of all Notices affecting all

the charts that exist for the last 2 years• Latest edition dates of each chart are marked.

What does it mean? twice a year,

每半年的

Summary of Corrections A close companion to the Notice to Mariners is the

Summary of Corrections. The Summary is published in five volumes. Each volume covers a major portion of the earth including several chart regions and many subregions.

Volume 5 also includes special charts and publications corrected by the Notice to Mariners.

Since the Summaries contain cumulative corrections, any chart, regardless of its print date, can be corrected with the proper volume of the Summary and all subsequent Notice to Mariners.

Terms used in updating:

INSERT is used for the insertion of all new data or, together with the DELETE command, when a feature has moved position sufficiently that the MOVE command is not appropriate. For example:

Delete feature and Insert in a different position. AMEND is used when a feature remains in its exis

ting charted position but has a change of characteristic, for example:

Amend light to, Fl.3s25m10M 43° 16´·56N., 5° 20´·06E.

当（图注信息）特征被移动了显著的距离，“ MOVE” 这个命令就不合适了。

SUBSTITUTE is used when one feature replaces an existing feature and the position remains as charted. The new feature is always shown first, for example:

Substitute e for s (where e is the new feature) MOVE is used for features whose characteristics

or descriptions remain unchanged, but they are to be moved small distances, for example:

Move No3 light buoy from: 53° 11´·67N., 5° 18´·66E. to: 53° 11´·62N., 5° 18´·71E.

DELETE is used when features are to be removed from the chart or, together with the INSERT command, when features are moved a significant distance such that the MOVE command is inappropriate.

4. Summary: we’ve studied the procedure of large correction, small correction, and cumulative Notices to Mariners, summary of corrections together with terms for navigational chart correction. Try to recall something about the passage and put them down.

5. Homework Assignment:

5.1 Read new words and phrases in the passage, try to summarize the terms in chart correction.

5.2 preview Part Two ANM and NW