National Research Council Roma, January 16, 2009 Science and technology in Italy Giorgio Sirilli [email protected]
Mar 26, 2015
National Research Council
Roma, January 16, 2009
Science and technology in Italy
Giorgio [email protected]
Some general comments
Italy’s science and technology: a long historyThe relationshiop between R&D and innovationA large country (60 million population)Europe is importantUneven distribution of R&D and innovationA complex system with no comprehensive strategyItaly is a market economyThe weakness of the private sectorThe innovation modelsR&D policyR&D evaluation
Intensity ratio: R&D/GDP (%) in various countries
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Italia Spagna Europa 15 Usa Giappone Irlanda
R&D expenditure in Italy
12.000
12.500
13.000
13.500
14.000
14.500
15.000
15.500
16.000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Istat correnti Istat costanti Dati corretti correnti Dati corretti costanti
Regions and industrial districts in Italy
R&D expenditure in Italy by region (milion euro) - 2001
Regions Government University Business Total
Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta 3,4 6,0 22,2 13,5 Lombardia 11,4 12,5 32,6 22,2 Trentino A.A. 1,8 1,0 0,8 1,1 Veneto 2,7 6,2 5,2 5,1 Friuli V. G. 2,4 3,0 2,3 2,6 Liguria 2,5 2,9 2,1 2,4 Emilia Romagna 4,9 9,7 10,2 9,1 Toscana 4,8 10,6 4,5 6,5 Umbria 0,6 2,2 0,4 1,0 Marche 0,5 2,3 1,0 1,3 Lazio 53,6 12,7 9,8 18,8 Abruzzo - Molise 0,8 2,5 1,4 1,7 Campania 3,5 9,8 3,5 5,6 Puglia 2,1 4,5 1,1 2,4 Calabria - Basilicata 1,0 2,0 0,6 1,1 Sicilia 2,5 9,2 2,0 4,4 Sardegna 1,4 3,0 0,2 1,4 Totale 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
North 29,3 41,3 75,5 55,9 Centre 59,5 27,7 15,7 27,6 South 11,2 31,0 8,8 16,5
Totale (milioni di Euro) 2.493 4.418 6.661 13.572
R&D expenditure (percentage)
Ministry of Research (MIUIR)
Major R&D agencies and organisations
National Research Council, Cnr (8,800)
Agency for New technologies, Energy, Environment, Enea (3,200)
National Institute of Neuclear Physics, Infn (2,000)
National Statistical Institute, Istat (2,600)
Higher health Institute, Iss (2,000)
Experimental Stations of the ministries of industry and agriculture (1,250)
Astronomic Observatories (800)
Institute for the training of workers, Isfol (700)
Health institutions (Research hospitals) (5,400)
Budget appropriations of Italian government (2005, milion euro)
NABS ObjectiveNational
governmentRegional
governments Total %
Exploration and exploitation of the Earth 255 3 258 2,8Infrastructure and planning of land-use 70 21 91 1,0Environment 234 16 251 2,7Human health 671 72 744 8,1Energy 373 1 373 4,1Agricultural production and technology 277 51 328 3,6Industrial production and technology 983 146 1.129 12,3Social structures and relationships 416 39 454 5,0Space 764 3 767 8,4Research from General University Funds 3.864 3.864 42,2Non-Oriented research 527 13 540 5,9Defence 354 354 3,9
Total 8.788 365 9.152 100,0
Budget appropriations of I talian government (2005, milion euro)
Esploraz. e
utilizzaz. ambiente terrestre
I nfrastrutt. e
pianificaz. del
territorio
Controllo e tutela
dell'ambiente
Protezione e
promozione
della salute
umana
Produz., distribuz
. e uso razional
e dell'ener
gia
Produzione e
tecnologie
agricole
Produzione e
tecnologie industriali
Strutture e
relazioni sociali
Esploraz. e
utilizzaz. dello
spazio
Ricerca nelle
Università
Ricerche non
orientate
Difesa TOTALE %
MIUR 173 33 90 154 146 77 475 73 748 3.864 516 3 6.351 72,7Min. delle Att. Produttive 60 13 25 54 212 25 289 22 12 3 2 717 8,2Min. della Salute 419 26 445 5,1Min. dell'Economia 18 7 7 41 14 7 135 156 3 1 1 391 4,5Min. della Difesa 4 348 352 4,0Min. dei Beni Culturali 3 159 162 1,9Min. delle Pol. Agricole 0 138 138 1,6Min. dell'Ambiente 108 108 1,2Min. del Welfare 3 1 1 3 1 1 13 1 1 0 0 26 0,3Min. dei Trasporti 9 0 15 0 0 24 0,3Min. degli Affari Esteri 3 2 7 12 0,1Min. delle Comunicazioni 8 0 1 10 0,1Min. della Giustizia 1 1 0,0Min. degli I nterni 0 0 0,0Totale Amm. Centrali 255 70 234 671 373 277 931 416 764 3.864 527 354 8.736 100,0
Mancati introiti per gli sgravi ex Tecno-Tremonti 52 52
Totale Regioni 3 21 16 72 1 51 146 39 3 13 365
Totale generale 258 91 251 744 373 328 1.129 454 767 3.864 540 354 9.152 (percentuale) 2,8 1,0 2,7 8,1 4,1 3,6 12,3 5,0 8,4 42,2 5,9 3,9 100,0
Fonte: I STAT
The zoological metaphor of the Italian economy
the hornet the leopard
Business enterprise R&D
About 2,400 enterprises
R&D expenditure: 8,210 milion euro in 2006
Specialisation model
Dimensional structure
Territorial dimension
Business R&D expenditure by source
of funds - 2005
R&D financing and performance in Italy 2004 (million euro)
Financing sector
Performing sector
Government Business AbroadHigher
education Total %
Government 2.402 159 157 4 2.722 17,8
Private non profit 80 136 16 1 233 1,5
Business 1.005 5.479 806 3 7.293 47,8
Higher education 4.504 150 100 250 5.004 32,8
Total 7.991 5.924 1.079 257 15.252 100,0
Percentage 52,4 38,8 7,1 1,7 100,0
Innovating firms receiving public funding
local or regional
authorities
central government
European Union
EU: Framework Programme
Austria 20,6 24,7 9,3 2,6Denmark 2,1 8,7 6,5 3,4Finland 6,6 31,2 8,4 4,3France 8,0 15,1 5,1 1,8Germany 7,7 7,6 4,0 3,2I taly 25,7 14,9 3,3 1,2Netherlands 6,6 32,5 5,6 2,2Portugal 1,1 6,8 5,2 2,9Spain 18,7 10,3 3,7 1,4Norway 1,7 42,8 1,9 1,7
The “Innovation, growth, employment Plan” (PICO)
Priority
Financial allocati
ons until 2005 (mln
Euro)
Financial allocation
s in the period 2006-2008 (mln
Euro)
New PICO fund
s (mln Euro
)
Total (mln Euro
)
Widening citizens’ and firms’ free choices 599,6 217,4 1.322,8 2.139,8
R&D and technological innovation 4.333,6 903,0 4.088,3 9.324,9
Human capital training 956,4 193,4 407,2 1.557,0
Intangible and physical infrastructure 23.645,4 2.503,0 5.236,1 31.384,5
Environment 352,9 16,5 1.717,0 2.086,4
Totale 29.887,9 3.833,3 12.771,4 46.492,6
Manufacturing Firms
In house R&D29%
Acquisition of R&D 6%
Acquisition of external
knowledge4%
Design4%
Machinery equipment
50%
Training3%
Marketing4%
Innovation expenditure – Italy
Services Firms
Acquisition of external
knowledge20%
Desing5%
Training6%
In house R&D17%
Acquisition of R&D6%
Machinery equipment
36%
Marketing10%
“da fuori a dentro” l’impresa“da dentro a fuori” dell’impresa
Direct subsidies and tax incentives 2000 and 2006
Public support to innovation in firms
to ideas, knoledge
from money