Nanotechnology in the European Union Part I Ineke Malsch, Malsch TechnoValuation EULAKS Summerschool Mexico City 25 August 2009.

Nanotechnology in the European

Union

Part IIneke Malsch, Malsch TechnoValuation

EULAKS Summerschool

Mexico City 25 August 2009

Table of contents:

• Introduction

• Indicator-based comparison of nanoactivities in European countries

• Conclusion

Introduction – Who am I?

Ineke Malsch, director of Malsch TechnoValuation: Consultant on Technology and Society:

• EU projects incl. ObservatoryNano and ICPCNanoNet. • Technology Assessment of nanotechnology.• Publications on nano-, bio-, microsystems technology, etc. • Located in Utrecht, since 1999. www.malsch.demon.nl C.V: • Graduated in Physics, University of Utrecht, 1991• Postgrad education in Environmental Impact Assessment and Social Studies of

Science and Technology• Scholarship STOA, European Parliament, Luxemburg, 1995-1996 (incl. nano)• Fellowship nanotechnology IPTS, JRC, EC, Sevilla, 1996-1998• Part time study Theology, KTU, Utrecht, 2004-2005• Part-time PhD project Centrum voor Ethiek, RU Nijmegen, since 2005 (professor

J-P Wils)

http://www.malsch.demon.nl/

IntroductionEuropean Union

(EU27) Associated States to FP7 incl.

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Iceland

Israel

Norway

Switzerland

Turkey

© European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/home/index_en.cfm

http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/home/index_en.cfm

Introduction:• Science, Technology and Innovation policy in the European

Union is shared between the European Union and the Member States;

• The policy is coordinated in the framework of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs (2000, updated in 2005);

• Part of the national budgets for RTD is handed over to the European Commission and distributed via the Framework Programmes for RTD (currently FP7);

• Several non-EU member states are associated to the Framework programme;

• The EU funding is mainly focused on more applied research (e.g. Nanotechnology);

• National governments are responsible for basic science.

Introduction – what is nanotechnology?

2. What is nanotechnology today?

In the beginning, all definitions of nanotechnology have been vague,

• to stimulate interdisciplinary research collaborations

• hoping for breakthroughs on the borderlines between physics, chemistry, biology, materials science.

MalschMalsch TechnoTechno ValuationValuation


Instruments for working on atomic scale

Tabletop Atomic Force Microscope © Nanotruck, www.nanotruck.de

Researcher working in IMEC’s Nanoelectronics Lab, © IMEC, http://www.imec.be/wwwinter/mediacenter/IMECgallery/cat0p1.shtml

http://www.nanotruck.de/

http://www.imec.be/wwwinter/mediacenter/IMECgallery/cat0p1.shtml







An Mre11-proteincomplex bound to a piece of DNA, with its arms stretched parallel to each other. The complex consists of a body and two arms. The arms are continuously moving, grabbing each others ends and releasing again. When the complex binds to a piece of DNA the arms stretch parallel. If they touch another complex in the same position, the ends of the arms attach to each other. This way, two pieces of DNA are being connected. Photo: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience/Erasmus MC, 2005 www.fom.nl

Scientific Research with atomic force microscopes

http://www.fom.nl/


New materials with new properties

Carbon nanotubes over Platinum Electrodes, © Molecular Biophysics Group, TU Delft, http://www.mb.tn.tudelft.nl/

Atomic structure of kinked nanotube

http://www.mb.tn.tudelft.nl/



Quantum dot composites: Particles of inorganic semiconducting material with nanometer scale dimensions exhibit size-dependent electronic and optical properties which are different from those of bulk solids. Philips is investigating quantum dots in composites with polymers to combine the favourable properties of inorganic materials with those of polymers. These materials could be used as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of which the colour is determined by the size of the quantum dots. Photo Philips http://www.research.philips.com/newscenter/pictures/ldm-nanotech.html

http://www.research.philips.com/newscenter/pictures/ldm-nanotech.html

http://www.research.philips.com/newscenter/pictures/ldm-nanotech.html



Polymer matrix nanocomposite material filled with nanoclays. ©TNO, Netherlandshttp://www.tno.nl/industrie_en_techniek/productieoptimalisatie_in/innovatieve_materialen/planomersnanocomposites/


Examples of applications: (Nanotruck, www.nanotruck.de)

Dirt repellent textile

Biological dye for preventing document forgery

Solar panels

• Nano-electronics,• Micro and

nanosystems technology,

• miniaturization,• RFID tags, smart

dust,• ambient

intelligence


Researchers show miniature variable Fluid Focus lens and the camera that contains the lens.Photo: Philips


Data Storage:

The Millipede concept: for operation of the device, the storage medium - a thin film of organic material (yellow) deposited on a silicon "table" - is brought into contact with the array of silicon tips (green) and moved in x- and y-direction for reading and writing. Multiplex drivers (red) allow addressing of each tip individually.

© IBM Research, http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/pr.nsf/pages/rscd.millipede-picb.html

Medicine:- Drug delivery:

- Cancer: Chemotherapy; Thermo therapy

- Blood-brain barrier- Gene therapie- Oral in stead of

injected drugs


Medical Buckyballs. Computer model of a molecule made by LUNA Innovations of Blacksburg, Va. The company plans to produce novel "buckyball" materials for medical diagnostics and other military and commercial applications. NIST, USA http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/05nano_image_gallery.htm

Pharmacy:

New drug development, genomics, proteomics:

- DNA-chips, etc.

Medical Devices:- Diagnostics


Biochip ©Nanotruck www.nanotruck.de

Biosensor, Photo Philips

Medical Devices• Molecular imaging:

• Researcher inspects pharmacokinetic map of lung cancer patient with novel molecular imaging.

• Photo: Philips


Medical Devices• Passive implants:

– Artificial hips, knees, teeth

• Active implants:– Eyes, ears,

pacemakers, neural implants, subdermal drug delivery (diabetes)


An intraocular retinal prosthesis will use an external system to capture and process image data and transmit the information to an implanted unit. The implanted unit would decode the data and stimulate the retina with a pattern of electrical impulses to produce a perception. ©USC BMES, http://bmes-erc.usc.edu/research_programs_retinal.htm

Agrofood and environmental applications:• Agriculture/ environment: (Nanoforum, 2006,

ObservatoryNano, 2009)– Pest and pollution control with sensors;– Energy producing/saving greenhouses and buildings;– Soil remediation, erosion protection.

• Food, nutrition (Nanoforum, 2006, MinacNed, 2006, ObservatoryNano, 2009):

– Food and drink packaging,– Low fat tasty foods,– Nutraceuticals and diet foods,– Food processing (sensors, membranes, catalysts)

• Water purification and desalination (ObservatoryNano, in preparation):

– ultra, nano and quantum membranes (Gayle Pergamit, Covalent, 2006);

– Catalysts, e.g. Iron oxide nanoparticles for arsenic removal (Vicky Colvin, 2006).


Clean water. Photo Philips

Indicator-based comparison of European countries (and global leaders):

• Input of public funding in 2004 (Hullmann, 2006)

• Output of publications 1998-2007 (MERIT, ObservatoryNano, 2009)

• Patent statistics 1972-2008 (MERIT, ObservatoryNano, 2009) and OECD 2003-2005.

Public funding for nanotechnology in 2004 (* in 2003)

Source: Hullmann, 2006, cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology

USA (Federal) 910,000

Australia 62,000 Finland 14,500 India 3,800

Japan 750,000 Belgium* 60,000 Austria 13,100 Malaysia 3,800

Eur. Commission 370,000

Italy* 60,000 Spain 12,500 Romania 3,100

USA (States) 333,300

Israel 46,000 Mexico 10,000 S. Africa 1,900

Germany 293,100 Netherlands 42,300

New Zealand 9,200 Greece* 1,200

France 223,900 Canada 37,900 Denmark 8,600 Poland* 1,000

South Korea 173,300

Ireland 33,000 Singapore 8,400 Lithuania 1,000

United Kingdom 133,000

Switzerland 18,500

Norway 7,000

China 83,300 Indonesia 16,700 Brazil 5,800 others 2,800

Taiwan 75,900 Sweden 15,000 Thailand 4,200 total 3,850,000

MS; 1075; 65%

EC; 575; 35%

EU public funding in EU public funding in nanotechnology in 2007nanotechnology in 2007

(Member States + EC-FP7)(Member States + EC-FP7)

FP7 theme /SP M€ %

NMP 282.0 49.0

ICT incl. FET 147.5 25.6

Ideas (ERC) 18.0 3.1

People 74.0 12.9

Energy 17.0 3.0

Health 23.5 4.1

Infrastructures 1.5 0.3

SME 12.0 2.1

575 100

Courtesy of European Commission DG RTD, 2009

Nanopublications 1998-2007 Main European compared to 3 global leading countries

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

USA Peoples RChina

Japan Germany France UK Italy Spain

country

nu

mb

er

of

pu

bli

ca

tio

ns

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: Merit, ObservatoryNano www.observatorynano.eu, ICPC NanoNet www.icpc-nanonet.org

http://www.observatorynano.eu/

http://www.icpc-nanonet.org/

Nanopublications Europe-2, 1998-2007

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Switzer

land

Poland

Nethe

rland

s

Sweden

Belgium

Austri

a

Denmar

k

Finlan

d

Czech

Rep

ublic

Greec

e

Portu

gal

Hunga

ry

Roman

ia

Irelan

d

Norway

Slovak

ia

Bulgar

ia

Sloven

ia

Country

Nu

mb

er

of

pu

bli

ca

tio

ns

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007





0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Brazil

Mex

ico

Argen

tina

Chile

Venez

uela

Colom

bia

Urugu

ayPer

u

Costa

Rica

Ecuad

or

Panam

a

Bolivi

a

Guate

mala

Hondu

ras

Parag

uay

Nicara

gua

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007



Source: Merit, ObservatoryNano project

www.observatorynano.eu








Nanotechnology patenting by region 2003-5 (Global top-20, OECD patent database January 2008, Palmberg et al 2009):

• Mainly dominated by US (10 regions, 25.1%) and Japan (4 regions, 10.9%)

• Top European regions:– Noord Brabant (Netherlands): 8th, 1.7%– Rhone-Alpes (France): 11th, 1.5%– Ile de France (France): 12th, 1.4%– South East England (UK): 20th, 1.0%

Conclusions:Which trends are visible in the indicators:- The European Union is leading European public investment in

nanotechnology;- European countries vary considerably in their funding and output

in publications and patents in nanotechnology;- European leaders in nanotechnology are Germany, France and

the UK, but also smaller countries including Switzerland and The Netherlands are strong players;

- Worldwide, Europe has the biggest share in nanopatents in the construction (42%) and aerospace, automotive and transport (36%) sectors;

- Europe has more than their average (20%) share of nanopatents in Health, Nanomedicine and Nanobio (29%), security (26%), environment (25%) and agrifood (24%) sectors;

- And less than their average share in Chemistry & Materials, Energy (both 19%), Textiles (17%) and ICT (10%).

References and further reading:- ObservatoryNano reports on Technical and Economic Trends,

Ethical and Social, EHS, Legal aspects and Communication, 2009: www.observatorynano.eu

- ICPC NanoNet annual reports on Nanotechnology in Latin America and other ICPC countries, 2009 www.icpc-nanonet.org

- Palmberg et al, “Nanotechnology: an overview based on indicators and statistics,”OECD, Paris, 2009, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/9/43179651.pdf

- European Commission nanotechnology pages: http://cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology/ and http://ec.europa.eu/nanotechnology/index_en.html

Acknowledgement:The work presented here has benefited from support by the European

Union in several projects including ICPC NanoNet and ObservatoryNano. Slides on the EU policy on nanotechnology and on open calls for nano-proposals have been made available by EC project officer Jyrki Suominen. Any opinions given are solely my own responsibility and can not in any way be attributed to any European institution.



http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/9/43179651.pdf

http://cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology/

Nanotechnology in the European Union Part I Ineke Malsch, Malsch TechnoValuation EULAKS Summerschool Mexico City 25 August 2009.

Documents

philips slide

ineke malsch

netherlands http

materials science

photo philips http

european parliament

professor jp wils slide

definitions of nanotechnology