Musical Expectancy

Musical ExpectancyDefinition of expectancyExpectancy refers to the idea that an antecedent event, or set of events, implies or anticipates a subsequent event or set of eventsIn music, this means that a given musical event or passage implies or anticipates an upcoming musical event or passageImpact of expectancy formation/realizationRelation between expectancy formation and the apprehension of musical emotion and meaningImpact of expectancy formation on perceptual and cognitive processing of music

Musical ExpectancyBasic expectation?

Musical ExpectancyQuestions about the process of expectancy generation and realizationThe factors underlying the formation of musical expectations. What processes give rise to the formation of expectancies, and influence the content of these expectationsThe subsequent implications of expectancy realization on musical processing, including basic responses to music, guiding of attention, memory for music, and so on.

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesThe Expectancy Region(Jones, 1976)

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesGestalt principlesMelodic processes (Meyer, 1973)

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Gap-Fill PatternLinear PatternExpected Note:

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesThe 1st eight measures of Schumanns Du Ring An Meinen Finger, Op. 42Schmuckler (1989)

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesSchmuckler (1989)Probe Position 1:Context:

Trial 1:

Continuation Tone Trial 2:

Continuation Tone

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesSchmuckler (1989)Probe Position 2:Context:

Possible Continuation Tones:

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesSchmuckler (1989)Beta weights for tonal structure, melodic contour, and melodic process

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesThe Implication-Realization Model(Narmour, 1990, 1992)Registral Direction small intervals imply melodic continuation in the same direction, whereas large intervals imply a reversal of directionIntervallic difference small intervals imply similarly sized intervals whereas large intervals imply smaller intervalsRegistral Return refers to cases in which the second tone of a realized interval reverse pitch direction, thus producing approximate symmetry in patternsProximity there is a general preference for small realized intervalsClosure closure occurs when a melody changes direction or when a relatively smaller realized interval follows a larger implicative interval

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesQuantification of Narmours Implication-Realization Model Schellenberg (1996)

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesSimplification of Narmours Implication-Realization Model Schellenberg (1997)

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesHarmonic expectanciesSchmuckler (1989)

Predictions based on Pistons (1978) Table of Usual Root Progressions

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesHarmonic expectanciesSchmuckler (1989)Comparisons of harmonic expectancy ratings

The Formation of Musical ExpectanciesCombined (melodic and harmonic) expectanciesSchmuckler (1989)

Beta weights for melodic and harmonic factors

The Consequences of Musical ExpectanciesThe Harmonic Priming ParadigmBharucha & Stoeckig (1986, 1987)

Related Context:

Unrelated Context:

The Consequences of Musical ExpectanciesProcessing of harmonically related and unrelated chords

Bharucha & Stoeckig (1986)

The Consequences of Musical ExpectanciesHarmonic context and phoneme monitoring

Bigand, Tillman, Poulin, DAdamo & Madurell (2001)

The Consequences of Musical ExpectanciesHarmonic context and phoneme monitoring

Bigand, Tillman, Poulin, DAdamo & Madurell (2001)

The Consequences of Musical ExpectanciesExpectancy and memory

Schmuckler (1997)