Ms. Buffalino 10APmshistorybuff.com/10H/Ap Review/0KEY/Review Sheets Edmodo/kevi… · Ms. Buffalino 10AP This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students

Ms. Buffalino

10AP This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students for the AP World Examination on

May 16, 2019. Students are to use their AP Barron’s Review Book, Prentice Hall Review Book, 9th and 10th grade Weekly Assignment Books, and Traditions and Encounters textbook/website while filling out this review packet. Throughout the packet Ms. Buffalino has referenced page numbers and the recommended reference

source(s) for additional assistance. Students are to use their 9th grade notes as well. The first half of this packet was completed last year. This packet will also serve as review for the Regents Examination on

June 3, 2019.

Sections from this packet will be assigned throughout the month of April. The final, completed packet is due Wednesday, April 17, 2019.

Students should also be studying sample essays and sample multiple choice questions on their own. Sample questions can be found under Ms. Buffalino’s “Useful Links” on her website as well as in the

AP Barron’s Review Book. Students are expected to attend AP evening review classes as well. There are many suggested apps and useful links on Ms. Buffalino’s website. While flashcards are not required they are recommended

(quizlet, purchased 5 Steps to a 5/Barron’s index cards, or self-created paper index cards).

Student’s Name (Printed): ______________________________________________

Student’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Parent’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Assigned Date: __________________

Barron’s 7th Edition

Prentice Hall, Pearson Revised Edition

Ms. Buffalino, APWH 2


Geography Review

Category Russia India England China Japan Latin

America

Important Geographic Features

-lack of warm water ports -Ural Mountains -strait of Dardanelles

-Himalayas subcontinent -monsoons -Deccan Plateau -Western and Eastern Ghats

Island, had features for industrialization

-Gobi Desert -Himalayas -monsoons

Lack of natural resources Island Mountainous

Andes mountains Rainforest Nile river

Impact of Features Socially

Limited cultural diffusion

Isolated Isolated Ethnocentric, limited cult. diff.

Isolated, took culture from other people when possible (Buddhism)

Diverse pop.

Impact of Features

Politically

later gained access to Baltic and Black Sea

Regional kingdoms arose

Strong navy “ Tributary system

Vulnerable to invasion

Inca in highlands Aztec in central Mexico Egypt based on Nile

Impact of

Features Economically

Could only trade when water was not frozen -large size=slow eco. development

Monsoons made harvesting happen between wet and dry seasons Agriculture eco.

Island=more trade, limited farmland Becomes industrial nation

Rely on farming in east Large size prevents eco. development

Limited farming, little fertile land Rely heavily on fish as food

Deforestation for more farmland Terrace farming

Use class notes


AP World Regions

These are referenced for the MC and Essay Questions.


Technological and Environmental Transformations

10,000BCE to 600 BCE

What was the Paleolithic Era and why is it significant?

What is the significance of hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually

migrating from their origins in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas?

What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?

Define: Pastoralism and give an example of where it was used:

Pastoralism is the herding of animals instead of cultivating crops. Pastoral people were

nomadic, following where their animals’ food source. Early Hebrews were pastoral nomads.

Neolithic Revolution

How did agricultural

advancements impact society?

Rise of patriarchy

Men worked in

fields, women in

houses.

People settled

down, gathered

material possessions

Agriculture: farming

and pastoralism

Barron’s, First Unit Prentice Hall Unit 1: Sections 1 and 2

Prentice Hall, page 3


Ancient Civilizations Chart

Civilizations Geography Religion Government Contributions

Egypt

North Africa/Middle

East. Desert,

Nile River delta.

Polytheism: Amon Re =

pharaohs.

Mummification

Pharaoh=god king/queen.

Dynasty.

Hieroglyphics, papyrus,

medicine,

calendar

Mesopotamia

(Sumer)

Iran/Iraq/Syria

Fertile Crescent Tigris+Euphrates

Polytheistic

Temples are

ziggurats

Hereditary

rulers, walled cities

Epic of Gilgamesh

Cuneiform Wheeled vehicles

Indus River

Valley (Harappa and

Mohenjo-Daro)

Pakistan/India

Monsoons Indus/Ganges

Rivers

Hinduism,

Buddhism come after

Fortress on

hilltop

Sanskrit

Plumbing

China

Huang He

(Yellow river) gives fertile

loess Yangtze river

Mandate of

Heaven Daoism

Confucianism

Dynasties,

Shang are #1

Pictograph writing

Oracle bones The Book Of

Songs (Zhou)

Terms and Concepts Answer/Description

1. What is a nomad? People who move around, following food source. No permanent home

2. Define irrigation: Artificial changing of water’s direction. Used for farming

3. Define: social stratification Different social classes. Ex/ Caste system

4. What role did women play in ancient

civilizations?

Women raised children and worked in house (clothes, cooking)

Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 Barron’s, The Development of Early Societies

Traditions and Encounters, Chapters 2-3


5. How did agriculture and pastoralism transform human society (social

structure/technology)?

Agriculture allowed people to settle down/develop technology. Pastoralism

allowed people to spread new tech. Agriculture led to patriarchy.

6. How did improvements in

agricultural production, trade and transportation impact metallurgy?

Metallurgy was spread by trade and transportation. Iron metallurgy was

spread by Bantu into sub-Saharan

7. Define: Compound bows and give

an example of where they were used.

Bows used in Mesopotamia along with chariots in war

8. Define: Iron weapons and give an example of where they were used.

Weapons made of iron instead of bronze. Used by Bantu in sub-Saharan

9. Define: Chariot and give an example of where they were used.

War vehicle, on wheels and drawn by horses. Assyrians used chariots in

Mesopotamia

10. Define: Quipu and include where it was used.

System of ropes/knots used by Inca (South America) to record info.

11. What is the significance of the Vedic religion during this periodization?

Vedic religion led to development of early caste system, Hinduism. Wrote Vedas.

12. What is the significance of

Zoroastrianism during this periodization?

good vs. evil teachings taken up by late religions

13. What is the significance of Hebrew

monotheism during this periodization?

Hebrews underwent diaspora, persecuted by polytheistic societies

14. Why was China known as the “Middle Kingdom?”

China thought it was center (middle) of world. Ethnocentric

15. What is a dynasty? What was the mandate of heaven?

Dynasty is a ruling family. Mandate of Heaven is divine right to rule, excuse for

starting new dynasty


Trade expanded locally to regional and transregional:

Nubians traded ivory, ebony, leopard skins, gold, and gemstones for pottery and other

finished products from Egypt. It helped unite the two. Harappans traded copper, ivory, beads, and semiprecious stones for wool leather and live oil from Mesopotamia.

Describe illustrative forms of literature such as:

1. The Epic of Gilgamesh: Story of the Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh, said to be

2/3 god and 1/3 man.

2. The Rig Veda: Hindu holy text. Collection of poetry, songs, rituals. First of Vedas

3. The Book of the dead: Egyptian book of spells the dead would need in the

afterlife. Buried with their mummified remains if wealthy enough to afford it.

Explain the significance

of the trade that occurred

between:

Egypt and Nubia Mesopotamia and the Indus River

Valley


Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies

600 BCE – 600 CE

Belief Systems (not organized by periodization)

Belief System

Place of Origin and/or

Place Worshiped

Founder, Beliefs and Sacred

Text

Animism

Simultaneous throughout world

Worship outdoors, in nature

No one founder

Beliefs: ancestor worship

Nature worship (everything has a

spirit)

Oral tradition of storytelling

Shintoism

500 BCE, came out of Japanese tribal

religions

Worshipped in torri

Everything has spirit, ancestor

worship

S.T. Kokiji-record of ancient

matters

Chronicles of Japan

Emperor of Japan is descended

form sun goddess who created

Japan

Prentice Hall, pages 21-27 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters

Barron’s 73-75; 90-97


Taoism

500 BCE China

Laozi

Tao Te Ching

Tao-the way

Balance in nature

Yin+Yang

Hinduism

Indus Rive valley 1500-500 BCE

Temples

Aryan tribes

Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad

Gita

Monistic, caste system

Dharma=karma led to

reincarnation cycle

Moksha-eternal life

Buddhism

India 655-486 BCE

Monastic orders

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Tripitaka

Four Noble Truths, Noble

Eightfold Path

Reincarnation

Nirvana-eternal life


Judaism

Canaan (Israel) 1500-1000 BCE

Whole world (U.S., Israel)

Synagogues

Abraham and Moses

One God (Yahweh)

Ten Commandments

Sabbath

Torah

Christianity

Palestine (Israel) 1st century BCE

Church

Jesus of Nazareth

Bible

Holy Trinity, monotheistic

Sacraments, Ten Commandments

Islam

Arabia 570-632 CE

Mosque

Muhammad

Qur’an

Five Pillars of Islam: pray, charity,

fast during Ramadan, Hajj, Allah

is only God, Muhammad is his last

prophet


Confucianism

551 BCE China

Confucius (Menicus spread it)

The Analects (Five Relationships)

Rules for social order, patriarchy,

civil service exams, ethics, filial

piety, education

Zoroastrianism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

Persia 3500 yrs ago

Fire temple

Zoroaster

Ahura Mazda-god

Monotheistic

The Avestas

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Sikhism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

16th century

Punjab area

Monotheistic

Guru Nanak

Cycle of rebirth

Guru Granth

Peace, good morals

Baha’i

T& E

Chapers 7-12

Iran 19th century Baha’u’llah

Manifestation of God, not final

messenger

All religions are OK

God intervenes

unity

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Legalism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

China 476-221 BCE Humans are selfish

Han Fei, Shang Yang

State is important

Legalism is only right belif system

Book of Shang Yang

Punishment for disobedience

Jainism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

India

6th century BCE

Vardhamana

Mahuira

Everything has a soul

Cycle of rebirth

Upanishads were the base

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Important Concepts Response

Why were the early faiths polytheistic? Explain.

There was a god for everything. One for river, one for sun, one for life, etc. Explained mysteries of world

List the polytheistic religions: Hinduism, Jainism, Animism, Shintoism, Baha’i

List the monotheistic religions:

Zoroastrianism, Islam, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity

Give three examples of places in the world that practiced ancestor veneration:

China, Americas, Africa

How did Buddhism change as it spread from India to China?

As Buddhism spread to China, it took on Daoist and Chinese ideas. It translated dharma to dao and recognized family bonds. It was taught that one son in the monastery would bring salvation for ten generations of his

kin.

Who was Asoka and what faith did he help to spread?

Emperor of Maurya Empire (in India). Spread Buddhism

How did Daoism develop Chinese culture? Explain and provide specific examples.

Encouraged patriarchy by saying women were a passive force. Stimulated thought on human nature, said humans should not be competitive

(wuwei). Along with Confucianism one of major Chinese philosophies.

Define filial piety: Duty to care for parents and elders. Confucian idea

Which two faiths are known for their missionary work?

Christianity and Islam. The Sufi for Islam, monks for Christianity

Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain.

Religion is unifying. It was the glue that held societies together, gave people a common belief. The unity of Christians gave rise to the Crusades.

Why is Jerusalem considered to be a turbulent city?

Jews, Muslims, Christians, and political groups want control of it. It is holy to the 3 Abrahamic faiths

Significance and description of Greek plays and Indian epics:

Greek plays: highlighted concerns and philosophy of the time. Tragedy, comedy Indian epics: basis of Hinduism, show reasons for doctrine

Define: administrative institutions

Places/people that make up gov’t. run the state, make decisions


EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION/SIGNIFICANCE

Assyrians

Northern Mesopotamia. Militaristic, used

chariots to build empire throughout

Mesopotamia.

Babylonians

Mesopotamia. Hammurabi wrote Code of

Hammurabi first written law code. “Eye for an eye” (punishment for the crime).

Favored upper class

The conquests of the Assyrians, Babylonians and Roman empires contributed to the growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.

Parthian

Sassanid

Achaemenid

Describe the

significance of

the Persian

empires:

Introduced new foods to Iran (rice,

sugarcane). Administrative techniques

used by Arabs in Islamic society.

Restored Persian tradition after Seleucid

rule. Had strong cavalry.

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters

First empire in Persia. Built roads, postal

stations, standardized coins. Divided

empire into sections ruled by officials.


Greece

-education

-democracy

-humanism, individual achievement

-colonies along

Mediterranean

-Peloponnesian War

-militaristic

-women had more right

Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socratic Method of

questioning as a learning

tool.

Wrote The Republic

Favored a strong,

controlling government

Developed ideas on

government

Favored the one strong and

wise rule as best form.

Considered to be first

western philosopher

Society has three classes:

Philosophers, Soldiers,

and Workers

Human Reason was the

key to learning

Athens Sparta

Prentice Hall, 9-17


Rome

What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments? Combination of Greek and

Macedonian culture. Alexander the Great established it. Philosophy, dramas,

architecture, and scientific thinking were its accomplishments. Great Library at Alexandria was gathering of Hellenistic knowledge

Terms and Concepts for Greece & Rome Answer/Description

1. Define a direct democracy: Citizens voted on issues, not on leaders

2. Define a republic: People vote for representatives

3. Define patricians and plebeians:

Patricians: upper class in Rome, eligible to be senators, consul. Plebeians: lower

class, farmers and merchants, could not

participate in gov’t

4. Who was Pericles? Founded democracy in Athens

5. What was the Peloponnesian War? War between Athens and Sparta, Sparta won. End of Greek golden age

6. What was the Delian League? City-states paid Athens to protect them

from Persia

How did I, Julius Caesar pave the way

for the Roman Empire?

Julius Caesar was dictator for life, had

total power in Rome. Led to grand

nephew Augustus taking on same role

and calling it emperor

I am considered to be

the first Roman

Emperor. Who am I?

Augustus Caesar, grand

nephew of Julius


Accomplishments

During the

Pax Romana

What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur?

Who was the leader that began it?

Roman golden age. It occurred from 27 BCE-180 CE in the Roman empire (Mediterranean, Spain,

Turkey, France, Britain). Augustus Caesar began it.

Prentice Hall, 15-17

Greater military might

Built walls around cities

and on frontiers

Network of roads

Eco. growth

Controlled more

land

Created aqueducts to

carry water

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Why was Rome considered to be an administrative institution or centralized form of

government? The emperor had total political and military control of the empire. He decided if wars

would be fought, what taxes would be, etc.

What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?

The fall of Rome led to the Middle Ages, when feudalism and regional kingdoms took

root instead of empires.

What lead to the

fall of the Roman

Empire?

Prentice Hall, 18-20 Bubonic plague

Invasion of Germanic tribes Diocletian split empire in 2

Weak emperors could not hold

onto power

Too big to govern

Invasion of Huns


Who was Shi Huangdhi?

Emperor who founded Qin dynasty, supported Legalism and was first

emperor of China

What dynasty is he from?

Qin

Compare and contrast the rise and fall of the Han and Roman Empires:

What is the significance of the Silk Road?

The Silk Road was the main overland trade route of classical and post-classical eras. Spread epidemic disease,

cultural diffusion, goods.

Who was Han Wudi and why is he significant?

Han emperor who established Silk Road, expanded China’s borders, built bureaucracy, built roads and canals


Barron’s, pages 100-101

-Han Wudi

-Yellow Turban

Uprising

-Augustus

-Goths, Vandals

-Strong emperor to

start new empire.

-reasonable taxes

-infratructure fell

into disrepair

-nomadic invaders

-internal dissent due

to taxes

-local warlords


City Modern Country

Location

Significance

1. Persepolis

Iran Capital of Persian empire

2. Chang’an

China One of first river valley civs, capital for empire

3. Pataliputra

India Capital of Gupta

4. Carthage

Tunisia Against Roman empire, eventually conquered

5. Alexandria

Egypt Had library with many books, burned

6. Constantinople

Turkey Turned into Istanbul by Ottomans, was capital for

Byzantine

7. Teotihuacan

(Teotihuacan)

Mexico Large city in Mesoamerica, influenced its society

Define and give an

example where this was

evident during 600CE-

600BCE periodization.

Deforestation Desertification Soil Erosion Silted Rivers

Cutting down of

trees

Roman empire

Drying of area of

land

Byzantine

Soil is dried, blown

away

Greece

Deposits fertile

soil

Yellow River


Geographic Study (This means study this ☺)

The number of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there

had been competing states.

Key States/Empires Approximate Location

Southwest Asia: Persian

Empires

(Achaemenid, Parthian and

Sassanid)

Persia = Iran today

East Asia: Qin and Han Empires

South Asia: Maurya and Gupta

MesoAmerica: Teotihuacan

(Tenochtitlan), Maya city-states

Andean South America: Moche

Civilization from 100-700 CE


Briefly, yet thoroughly respond to the following (include the significance and periodization when

applicable):

1. Define: Corvée

Forced labor, used to build Great Wall

Describe the relationship between Han China and the Xiongu:

The Xiongnu were nomads that invaded Han China. The Han would have to drive them back north.

2. Describe the relationship between the Guptas and the White Huns:

The White Huns were nomads who invaded the Gupta empire and established regional kingdoms in

what used to be Gupta land

3. Define: paterfamilias

Patriarch of a roman family. Ruled over family, directed members on what to do

4. How did the emergence of yokes, saddles and stirrups alter world history?

Horse technologies allowed nomadic peoples, such as the Mongols to ride faster, and further, allowing

them to take over places like China.

5. How did the domestication of horses, oxen, camels and llamas alter world history?

Horses and oxen were used to pull plows, horses were what nomads rode in battle, camels carried goods

across the Sahara, llamas were the South American pack animal.

6. How did the inventions of the dhow and lateen sails alter maritime/world history?

Dhows and lateen sails allowed for India, Persia, Arabian Peninsula, and China and southeast Asia to

sail on the Indian Ocean. Allowed for trade on Indian Ocean

7. Define: qanat system

Persian underground canals used for irrigation

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters


600BC – 600 CE

Climate and

Geographic Location: Typical goods traded:

Ethnicity of people

involved: Significance of trade route:

Eurasian Silk

Roads

Middle East and

Mediterranean to

China

Silk, finished goods,

porcelain, sipces,

cotton

China, Persia Spread Christianity,

Buddhism, bubonic plague

Trans-Saharan

Caravan Routes

Northern Africa.

Desert

Gold, salt Ghana, Mali,

Muslims

Spread Islam, gold and

salt. Primary trade route in

Africa

Indian Ocean

Trade

Monsoons, Indian

Ocean

Copper, spices,

jewels, cotton,

porcelain, silk

India, China, SE

Asia, Arabs, East

Africa

Cultural diffusion,

Buddhism, diasporic

traders settled in cities,

Mediterranean

Trade

Mediterranean Sea Grain, olives, fruits,

wool, copper, wine,

pottery, bronze

Egypt, Greeks,

Persians,

Phoenicians,

Romans

Kept Roman empire

connected and

communicating

Barron’s 111-116,167-171 Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


Regional and Transregional Interactions

600 CE – 1450 CE

Chose two of the following trade cities and explain the significance of the city during this periodization: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili City-States, Hangzhou, Calcut, Bagdad,

Melada, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

City #1 Tenochtitlan

City #2 Venice

Capital city of Aztec empire. Surrounded by

water, helped with agriculture (chinampa system) and defense. Very wealthy

City-state in Italy, had access to military forces. Part of Italian Renaissance, home of

Renaissance artists Giovanni Bellini and Gentile.

Give an example of a civilization that used paper money: China

Explain how this process helped facilitate commercial infrastructure:

Paper money was a substitute for copper coins that were going through a shortage. Trade was not

dependent on coins, paper money was easier to carry, its value oculd be controlled by the central

government. Easy to produce, paper was cheap.

Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about 1453.

What was Justinian’s Code and who was

Justinian? Emperor of Byzantium.

Gathered Roman laws into a single code, used

by later civs.

Orthodox Christian Church

Eastern half of Church, split from R.C. Does

not follow pope

Great Schism Split between

Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.

Orthodox did not want to follow pope.

Cyrillic Alphabet Alphabet used in

eastern Europe until 20th century.

Orthodox Christianity

Byzantine people came to

Russia after it converted to

spread education, religion,

writing

Autocratic Government

Allowed Russia to expand under Ivan

III’s rule, tsar controlled the state

BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Effect On Russia

Byzantine Empire

Roman Empire



Caliphates

Geographic Location

Time Frame

Significance

Umayyad caliphate

Capital at Damascus,

in Syria

661-750 Brought stability,

taxed non-

Muslims

Abbasid caliphate

Persia, Mesopotamia

750-1258 Used Persian and Mesopotamian techniques of

administration. Maintained

roads. Ulama

and qadis came into being now

Delhi Sultanates

Northern

India

1206-1526 Spread Islam

in India, built mosques, patrons of

art and literature


Various Chapters


China

Sui Dynasty Accomplishments

Tang and Song Dynasties

What were three accomplishments that occurred during the Tang and

Song dynasties?

Equal-field system kept peasants fed and

peaceful.

Centralized government and made use of

civil service exams

Spread Chinese rule to Korea, Vietnam,

Tibet, Manchuria

1. Yang Jian

founded

dynasty

2. Built Grand Canal,

used forced labor, high

taxes

3. Subjects revolted,

brought down

dynasty _____________________________


Barron’s, Unit 3 and page 120


Geographic Location/

Environmental Adaptation

Significance and notable

accomplishments:

Scandinavian Vikings

Scandinavia, navigated open ocean

Established maritime trade route in Iceland,

Greenland, British Isles, France, Sicily, Russia,

Byzantine empire. Used

longboats and could navigate open ocean.

Berbers

Middle East/North Africa. Herded camels

Camels allowed for trans-Saharan trade

Bantu

Sub-Saharan Africa. Grew

bananas in rainforests

Spread agriculture, iron

metallurgy

The following groups developed diasporic communities:

• Muslim merchant communities in the Indian Ocean • Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia

• Sogdian merchants throughout Central Asia • Jews in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin and along the Silk Road

What is a diasporic community? Explain.

A community whose members are spread out across the world; usually due to persecution or war.

The Jews were made to move from their homeland due to Mesopotamian empires and the Roman

empire.

Barron’s, Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters


Explain: Dar-al-Islam

Land under Muslim rule. A place where Muslims can be safe and not risk persecution

What are the characteristics that make up a “Golden Age?

Peace and cultural achievement.

List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:

Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Mount Moriah Rock in Jerusalem, conversion of Hagia Sophia into a mosque, developed algebra, set up hospitals

How were the Muslim scholars influenced by Greek and Indian mathematics?

Muslims used “Hindi” numerals that let them develop algebra, trigonometry, and

geometry. Greek mathematics helped develop astronomical and geographical knowledge.



III. The Middle Ages

What years are considered the “Middle Ages”?

476-1500s

Feudalism Manoralism Catholic Church

How did feudalism operate?

Serfs farmed the land owned by lords. Knights

protected everyone and gained land for doing so.

The king and lords

distributed the land out among the lower classes.

How were manors self

sufficient? There was an exchange of

land, services, and protection. The lords gave

knights land for their protection, and serfs would

live on the land in exchange for being able to work on it.

What was chivalry?

Code of bravery taken by knights.

The Catholic Church was

a unifying force in a time of political instability

after the fall of the Roman Empire.

How did the Church assert authority over

rulers? The Church

excommunicated kings over

disagreements (King John of England over choice of

an archbishop)

POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL



THE CRUSADES

Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.

Christians failed to regain control of Jerusalem, but trade between the Middle East and

Western Europe was reopened

During what years were the Crusades fought?

1095-1291

Causes

1. Chance to travel off manors

2. Nobles gained wealth + land

3. Seljuk Turks invaded Byzantine

Empire

4. Pope Urban II urged Catholics

to fight, guaranteed spot in

heaven

5. Church wanted more power

Effects

1. Interest in traveling

2. Popes become more powerful

3. King was only one left in

Europe, led to absolutism

4. More trade, decline of

manoralsim

5. Greater religious tension

6.

7.

8.



ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

ISLAM SPREAD TO

AFRICA

Kingdom of Ghana

converted to Islam, spread

it through trans-Saharan

trade. Kingdom of Mali

was Muslim, Mansa Musa

spread the religion when on

his hajj

ASIA Delhi Sultanate

took over northern

India, spreading Islam

forcefully.

EUROPE

Ottoman Empire

sacked

Constantinople

and ended the

Byzantine

Empire. (1453)

DIFFERENCES

SUNNIS

Majority of

Muslims. Accepted

legitimacy of early

caliphs.

SHIITES Wanted

Ali (cousin of

Muhammad) and his

descendants to be

caliphs.

Prentice Hall, 48-53 Barron’s, Unit 3 (several sections)


Describe Japan’s geography:

Archipelago, mountainous

Impact of geography on the people:

Isolated from the world, and different clans

were isolated from each other. Terrace farming

was used.

Geography

Shintoism

• Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature

• Shrines are located in places of natural beauty

Religion

Cultural Diffusion List two ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China

1. Buddhism and Confucianism came from China

2. Chinese-style script was used

Japanese

Feudalism




How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside world?

It restricted foreign access to the port of Nagasaki and resisted outside

ideas.

What was Heian Japan?

(794-1185) Japanese recognized emperor as ruler. Time of cultural development (Japanese language and The Tale of Genji)

_______________________________________________________________________

Define Bushido

Code of bravery taken by the samurai.

Pages 107-111


Compare and Contrast

European Feudalism Japanese Feudalism

Who were and what is the significance of salaried samurai? Explain. Salaried samurai were paid to defend Japan from conflict. Kept order, shogunate in power

-Women were delicate

-Catholicism

-Chivalry

-hierarchy

-decentralized

-nobility had control

-emperor/king is

figurehead

-code of bravery

-religious authority has

control

-women were physically

equal to men-gave birth to

strong samurai

-lasts longer, until 1867

-Shintoism

-Bushido


Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China,

Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the

Yuan Dynasty in China.

Approximate dates: 1206-1368

The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the

coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was

as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.

Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia

Who was Genghis Khan? Unified Mongol

tribes in 1206, conquered China, Iran, started

attack on Russia

Who was Kublai Khan? Pax Mongolia 1200s-1300s. Made

places under his control pay tribute,

ruled over China (Yuan dynasty)

Prentice Hall, 76-79 Barron’s Unit 3, Section 7

Russians paid tribute to khan until rule of

Ivan III

Kept Russia isolated from others


Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:

1. Hanseatic League:

Trade network in Baltic and North Seas. Connected London, Poland, Germany, Scandinavia.

2. Grand Canal:

Built by Sui dynasty in China. Ran north-south, connected northern and southern China.

3. Marco Polo:

Italian merchant who visited China while under Mongol rule. Accounts of his travels were widely read.

4. Ibn Battuta:

Muslim traveler who went to India, Ceylon, Maldive Island, Spain, Mali empire. His writings on his

travels are one of the classical works of travel literature.

5. Xuanzang:

Chinese Buddhist monk who went to India to study the religion. Spread Buddhism in China by

clarifying earlier teachings and translating writings into Chinese.

6. Neoconfucianism:

Blending of Confucianism and Buddhism. Buddhism gave Confucian thinkers ideas on the nature of the

soul, not usually explored by Confucianism.

7. Toltecs:

950-1150. Central Mexican empire that was centered at city of Tula. Brought central Mexico under

unified rule.

8. The significance of bananas in Africa:

Let the Bantu migrate through forested regions where other crops did not grow.

9. The significance of the spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean

basin:

The growth of sugarcane led to an increase in the African slave trade. Cotton supported an Islamic

textile industry. Citrus was grown as a staple food.

Barron’s Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


10. Tributary system:

China made the states it controlled pay tribute (taxes) instead of being taken over by China.

11. How did the “Little Ice Age” contribute to urbanization?

People couldn’t eat, grow crops. Looked for jobs in cities

12. Explain the following technological innovations: champa, chinampa, horse collar, waru waru agriculture

Quick growing rice

Agriculture in Mesoamerica, grow on plots on water

Greater control of horse

Inca agriculture where fields are raised next to irrigated channels, they keep the crops warm

13. Ethiopian Christianity:

Took on aspects of traditional African beliefs, only Christians in Africa

14. Oligarchy:

Small number of upper class individuals make decisions. Greek poleis were oligarchies

15. Holy Roman Empire:

Empire ruled by German princes that were crowned by the pope. Fought with the Church at times,

preventing large empire


The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.

Population Losses Economic Decline Social and Political

Change

Confusion and

Disorder

¼-2/3 population decline in Rome,

China, India, Europe

Fear of the plague kept trade from

occurring, countries shut themselves off

Toppled Roman empire, Han

dynasty. Workers in Europe wanted

better pay/conditions now

that there were less of them

No one knew what caused the plague,

important figures including emperors

died.

Why is the rat the animal

chosen to represent the

Black Death?

Fleas on rats carried the

plague, spread it to new

towns

B

L

A

C

K

P

L

A

G

U

E

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE



List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution Lowered pop. by bubonic plague

Surplus of crops

What is a guild? Group of workers that regulated production

and sale of products. Protected its members.

1

2

COMMERICIAL

REVOLUTION

LED

TO

Rise of towns

List three

new

businesses

1. Physicians

2. Pharmacists

3. lawyers



Global Interactions 1450 - 1750

The Renaissance:

A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on Human ability,

potential, and achievement

During what years did the Renaissance occur? 1450-1750

List Three

Artists

One work for

each

List Three

Writers

One work for

each

1.Michelangelo

Creation

1.Machiavelli The Prince

2.Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa 2.Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet

3.Rafael

Vatican

3.Francesco

Petrarch

Sonnets to

Laura

Who invented the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg What are three effects of the printing press?

Information could not be suppressed, higher literacy, Reformation

Define: Humanism

Focus on human accomplishment. Greeks and Renaissance artists were humanistic

I wrote that

the end

justifies the

means.

Who am I?

Niccolo

Machiavelli

Barron’s, Culture, Science and Technology 217-228 Prentice Hall, 84-91


The Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation

1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin

What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose?

Attempt to stop Protestantism led by Catholic Church. Also a time of reform

When did the Reformation occur: 1517-1560

When did the Counter Reformation occur: 1530-1563

CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Long Term

1. Corruption in the Church

2. Church went outside the

writings of the Bible

3. Pope abused power

2.

3.

Short Term

1. sale of indulgences

2. printing press

3. humanism=spirit of inquiry

4.Henry VIII wanted a divorce

5.strong monarchs resented pope’s power

2.

3.

4.

5.

The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:

Long Term

1. New sects, Lutheranism,

Calvinism, etc.

2. Christians questioned the

Church

3. Less members of the Church

2.

3.

Short Term

1. Martin Luther excommunicated

2.Counter Reformation

3.Church reformed

4.indulgences made illegal

5.Inquisition kills Protestants

2.

3.

4.

5.

EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION



West African Kingdoms (note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)

Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450 – 1600)

▪ Controls trade in gold and

salt across West Africa.

▪ Women work in business and

government.

▪ King has Muslim advisors.

▪ Mali conquers kingdom of

Ghana.

▪ Mansa Musa becomes great

emperor.

▪ Mali controls gold trade

routes.

▪ Timbuktu becomes a great

trading city and center of

learning.

▪ Songhai grows into largest

West African state.

▪ Controls important trade

routes.

▪ Emperor sets up Muslim

dynasty.

Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?

King of Mali empire who went on his hajj and gave gifts of gold along the way. Spread Islam

throughout Africa and the trade of gold

My Hajji is one of

the most famous in

history.



LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica)

OLMECS MAYAS AZTECS INCAS

WHERE FOUND

AND WHEN? (note this chart is

includes multiple periodizations)

Central Mexico

to El Salvador

1500-1200 BCE

Guatemala,

southern

Mexico,

Honduras

250-900

Central Mexico

1200-1500

Andes

Mountains

1300-1500

POLITICAL

STRUCTURE

(gov’t)

Authoritative

People paid

tribute

City-states and

regional

kingdoms

Tributary

system

Kingdom

Kingdom that

used

bureaucracy.

Social

stratification

ROLE OF

RELIGION

Ceremonial

centers- like

temporary cities

Human sacrifice

Reinforces

agriculture

Ceremonial

centers

Human sacrifice

Human sacrifice

Bloodletting

rituals

Temple of Inti

to worship the

sun god

ACHIEVEMENTS

Pyramids and

temples

writing

Pyramids and

temples

Calendar

Hieroglyphic

script

Calendar

Chinampa

agriculture

Road network,

quipu record

system



CHINA

1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?

The Ming faced a threat from the Manchu, Zheng He’s expeditions were too

costly, and the emperor Yongle died. This instability led to them isolating

themselves

2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation?

In the west, the Himalayas wee a natural barrier. The Indian Ocean and Pacific

Ocean kept others from coming in. China was so large that just managing its own

affairs was difficult

List the many ways China had influenced the following areas

KOREA

WESTERN

EUROPE

JAPAN SOUTHEAST

ASIA

Silk

Porcelain

Bubonic

plague

Lacquerware

Government

Confucianism

Buddhism

agriculture

Agriculture

Education

bureaucracy

CHINA IMPACTS THE

WEST AND ASIA


Korea

Confucianism

Education system


Capital City: Bursa

Religion: Islam

Successful because of: military

conquest

Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN:

List two accomplishments:

1. Expanded Ottoman navy

2. Took over Mesopotamia

How did the Ottomans treat

different ethnic and religious

groups? How did cultural diversity

and nationalism impact the

Ottoman Empire?

The Ottomans were religiously

tolerant, but made those who were

not Muslim pay a tax. Cultural

diversity was spoken out against by

conservative Muslims who

denounced Ottoman rulers for being

too innovative.

How did Europe contribute to

Ottoman decline?

The wars between the Ottomans

and Habsburgs were costly and

weakened their economy. Attempts

to save themselves only made the

situation worse.

THE OTTOMAN

EMPIRE

YEARS: 1289-1923

Define: janissary

_ Those who became soldiers

under devshrime

Define: devshrime

Christian boys became slaves of

the sultan trained to be soldiers or

part of administration. Converted

to Islam

Prentice Hall 116-118

Traditions and Encounters

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bellini/gentile9.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bellini/gentile9.html&h=648&w=529&sz=22&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=OHZRFrjuFWrH5M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djanissary%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den


THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

What were the reasons for European exploration?

Three advancements

1. Ships and sails

2. Navigational instruments

3. Knowledge of winds and

currents

4.

5.

How they were useful for exploration

1. Square and lateen sails let explorers sail

quickly/with great control. Ships were more

resistant to adverse conditions.

2. Compasses let mariners determine which way

they were sailing. Astrolabes determined the

latitude

3. Prevailing winds and currents ran east to west

from 25 degrees N to 25 degrees S. From 30-60 N

and S, they ran west to east. This let mariners

travel reliably across the ocean.

4.

5.

EXPLORERS

Vasco de Gama

Portuguese. Went to

India and brought back

pepper and cinnamon.

These were highly

valuable, causing more

trips to India

Christopher Columbus

Sponsered by

Fernando and Isabel of

Spain, tried to sail

west to Asia. Reached

the Caribbean, opened

the door for settlement

in Americas

Ferdinand Magellan

Sailed around the south of South

America, to the Philippines and

died. His crew sailed back to

Spain through the Indian Ocean,

completing the first

circumnavigation of the globe.



Conquistadors: Who did he conquer? Reasons for Success?

HERNANDO CORTES

Aztec Empire Better weapons, horses, allied

with native people, smallpox

killed many

FRANCISCO PIZARRO

Inca empire Subjects of the empire helped

because they had hated the

Inca rulers, smallpox killed

many

How did the colonization of the Americas lead to the spread of smallpox, the measles and

influenza? Explain.

Spanish settlers had the native Taino mine gold, they were introduced to smallpox. To replace

those that died, the Spanish raided Taino settlements, exposing and spreading the disease. Other

diseases were spread in similar matters.


Land Empires

Geographic Location How did the Manchu treat

the Chinese?

Treated Chinese as

inferiors, could not hold

gov’t positions

Significance/Impact

Manchus

China Invaded China from the

north and overthrew the

Ming. Established Qing

dynasty, separated

Manchus from Chinese.

Mughals

India How did the Mughal’s treat

of other religious/ethnic

groups?

Tolerated other religions,

fans of syncretic religion

Spread Islam in India,

brought unified rule to

India for first time

since Sultanate of Delhi

Ottomans

Turkey How did the Ottoman treat

of other religious/ethnic

groups?

Taxed, but tolerated

Fell Byzantine empire,

last caliphate.

Gunpowder nation

During the period of 1450-1750 explain how there was competition over trade routes:

1) Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean

Fought over control of Indian Ocean, slowed trade

2) Piracy in the Caribbean

Discouraged trade until pirates were dealt with

Traditions and Encounters Barron’s Units State building, Expansion and Conflict 137-154; 285-287


Europeans born in Spain

European descent, born in the colonies

A mix of European and Native American or African

How does the hierarchy reflect Eurocentrism?

People who were connected to Europe by location of birth or by bloodline were

favored. Africans and Native Americans, who had no connection, were at the bottom

of the hierarchy.

Define: coerced labor

Forcing one to work, no pay

Define: encomienda and hacienda system

Racial economic and political systems. Kept Creoles in power

How did the Spanish adapt the Inca mit’a system? Explain.

Took natives to work in mines, plantations.


Peninsulares

:


THE SLAVE TRADE

Prentice Hall, 175-176 Traditions and Encounters

Causes: What did the

Europeans need?

Workers on their

plantations in the

Americas

Effects: List two negatives

of the slave trade

1. 25% of people enslaved

in Africa did not survive

the Atlantic voyage

2. Violence in Africa

increased, African states

were encouraged to fight

wars to capture slaves

from each other

2.

Which country was the

last in the Americas to

abolish slavery and in

what year?

Brazil 1888


Goods from the Americas (be specific) Goods from Europe (be specific)

Maize

Potatoes

Beans

Tomatoes

Peppers

Peanuts

Manioc

Papayas

Guavas

Avocados

Pineapples

Cacao

tobacco

Horse

Wheat

Rice

Sugar

Bananas

Apples

Cherries

Peaches

Peas

Citrus fruits

Define MERCANTILISM:

The idea that a nation’s exports should exceed its imports in order to foster economic growth

→WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY?

Gold, silver, precious metals, raw materials

→WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY?

Finished goods, laws against manufacturing

Prentice Hall, 125


Monarch Country Facts

Akbar the Great India

Spread Mughal empire throughout

southern India, founded Sikhism to

consolidate power in India

Charles V Spain

Expanded Spanish Inquisition,

killed Jews, Muslims, Protestants

Philip II Spain

Attempted to suppress Calvinist

movement in Netherlands, led to

Netherlands rebelling

Louis XIII France

Undermined the nobility, used

bureaucracy full of loyal

commoners, attacked Calvinists

Louis XIV “The Sun King” France

Built court at Versailles, huge land

and houses. Distracted nobles with

entertainment and accommodations

for absolute rule

The Age of Absolutism

Prentice Hall, 126-130, 146, 152-154

When was the Age of Absolutism?

1500s-1600s


Louis XVI France

Taxed French nobility and called

the Estates General, led to peasants

rebelling and forming the National

Assembly. Executed by guillotine

by members of the revolution

Peter the Great Russia

Reformed the army, encouraged

education, built a navy, fixed the

bureaucracy to help collect taxes.

All based on western Europe

Catherine the Great Russia

Protected peasants, preserved

autocratic rule in Russia, brutally

crushed rebellion

Henry VIII England

Formed Anglican Church so he

could divorce his wife, dissolved

monasteries in England

Elizabeth I England

Daughter of Henry VIII, never

married, restored Anglican Church

in England

Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Empire

(Turkey)

Promoted Ottoman expantion in

SW Asia and Europe, took over

Mesopotamia, strengthened navy


1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:

Bloodless change of power when King James II was deposed. When William of Orange and Mary, the

daughter of James II came to rule, it showed that kings would rule along with parliament, letting nobles

and merchants have representation.

2) Define Limited Monarchy:

Also known as constitutional states, kings shared authority with representative forms of government.

3) What was the Magna Carta?

Document that limited the rights of the monarch and protected the rights of subjects in England.

4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights:

▪ There would be freedom of speech in Parliament, outside bodies could not question

what was said inside

▪ Roman Catholics could not rule England

▪ The king/queen could not make their own courts or act as judge

▪ Parliament members could be elected without interference from the king/queen

▪ Citizens could petition the king/queen

1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?

Mathematics and natural sciences developed during the Renaissance

were refined in the Scientific Revolution

2) Scientists and their accomplishments:

→Copernicus: Said earth and other planets revolve around the Sun

→Galileo: Used a telescope to discover new spatial bodies. Said velocity of falling

objects was based on height they fell from

→Newton: Wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, explaining gravity,

the tides, the orbits of the planets


When was it? 16th-18th centuries


3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked at the world?

Europeans relied on observation and mathematics instead of classical authorities.

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

Isaac Newtown’s rational analysis was applied to philosophy.

Enlightenment Thinker Beliefs Beliefs

John Locke

Divine right was wrong, so was absolute monarchies.

Constitutional governments should be followed

because the people have sovereignty, not the state

Montesquieu

Separation of powers: there should be a legislative,

executive, and judicial branch of gov’t, all separate

Voltaire

Individual freedom is important, anyone or anything

that tries to oppress should be stopped

Rousseau

All members of society were the sovereign, similar to a

direct democracy. The people should make laws, form

policy

When was it? _1600s-1700s



What are natural Rights?


1. Astrolabe:

Used to navigate sea

2. Caravels:

Ships used by Spain, Portugal Age of Exploration

3. Define a syncretic religion:

Made up of beliefs of many religions

4. Cults of saints in Latin America (example of a syncretic religion):

Christianity with attached belief in power of saints’ relics (bones, etc)

5. Vodun in the Caribbean (example of a syncretic religion):

Belief in spirits, goes with Catholicism

6. Maize (Americas):

Corn, grown in abundance

7. Okra (African slaves):

Food brought from Africa to Americas by slaves

8. Cervantes:

Spanish writer, wrote Don Quixote

9. Sundiata:

Founded Mali empire

Traditions and Encounters, Barron’s

Various Chapters


10. Kabuki:

Traditional Japanese theater. Important part of culture, even during Meiji Reformation

11. Chattel slavery:

Owning of a slave, Atlantic slave trade, Arab slave trade

12. Indentured servitude:

Working for someone for determined period of time. Not the same as slavery

13. Zamindars (Mughal Empire)

collected taxes as landowners in Mughal emprie

14. Europeans and Divine Right:

Monarchs had divine right to rule, basis of absolutism

15. Civil service examinations (China):

Made sure most educated people were in gov’t positions

16. Innovations in arts: miniature paintings in the Middle East and South Asia, wood-block prints in Japan:

Preserved, recorded art. Able to be seen for long time, part of cultural record

17. Thirty Years War:

Started as part of Reformation, included most European powers, led to Peace of Westphalia, France

increased power

18. Ottoman-Safavid conflict:

Ottomans won, led to Safavid loss of territory in Mesopotamia

19. Post-conquest codices in Mesoamerica:

gave idea to Mesoamerican culture in Age of Exploration

Industrialization and Global Integration

1750 to 1900

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

Political

Absolute monarchy

Poor leadership

Estates General not held in 175

years

No representation for 3rd estate

Social

Growing middle class

Enlightenment ideals

No natural rights or constitution

Economic

Unfair taxes

Wide eco. gap

debt

hands on eco.

When did the French Revolution occur: 1789-1799

Barron’s, 265-318


Describe the various stages of the French Revolution?

– Moderate Period 1789-1791: limited Power of

church, Land reform

– Radical Period 1792-1794: Beheadings, Jacobins.

Reign of Terror

– Conservative backlash 1794-1799: directory, Rise of

Napoleon

Explain and describe the Napoleonic Code:

Law code, divides civil law into personal status, property, acquisition of property. Eliminates estates.

What is the significance of the French Revolution?

French Rev. furthered Enlightenment ideals with natural rights being first among them. Monarchy was deposed,

for a time

What is the significance of the Congress of Vienna and who was Metternich?

Redrew map of Europe to pre-Napoleon. Metternich was prince of Vienna, ran congress

The Seven Years War (French and Indian War)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dickinson.edu/~rhyne/232/Syllabus/Metternich_Cropped.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dickinson.edu/~rhyne/232/Syllabus/Syllabus.html&h=371&w=373&sz=26&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=pIip74ectGI9mM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmetternich%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den


Causes Facts Effects Impact

Globally

France and

Britain

wanted to

expand in

North

America

France had

western part

of modern

day US.

Britain

controlled

east coast

American

Rev, British

forced taxes

American

Rev, French

giving up

colonies in

Americas


~~~~Latin America~~~~

List two revolutions that inspired

those in Latin America:

1. American

2. French

Who was Toussaint L’Overture

and why is he significant?

Leader of Haitian Rev. Led only

successful slave revolt, gained

independence for Haiti

Who was Simon Bolivar and why

is he significant?

Led revolutions throughout South

America, gained independence for

many countries from Spain



Person/Concept Country Significance

Ataturk

Turkey

Modernized Turkey, supported secularism, European law,

Western culture. Nationalistic, drove out foreign powers after

war.

Zionism Israel Wanted to establish nation for

Jews in homeland

Bismarck Germany Blood and iron, led to unification

and industry

Garibaldi Italy

“the sword” Provided military

support to bring kingdoms

together

Mazzini

Italy

“the soul” Convinced the people

of unification

Cavour Italy “The brain” set foundation,

wanted constitutional monarchy

Gandhi India Led Indian independence

movement, nonviolence

Nehru India Negotiated with Britain for

independence, 1st prime minister

When people realize they share a

common ancestry, heritage,

language and culture; nationalism

acts like a magnet.

Prentice Hall, 157- 162, 201-206


Martin Luther King U.S. Helped end segregation in U.S.,

civil rights movement leader


Person/Concept Country Significance

Jinnah

Pakistan Created state of Pakistan. Led All-

India Muslim League, negotiated

for political rights

Indian National Congress

India Wanted more Indian involvement

in gov’t

Muslim League

India/Pakistan Wanted creation of Pakistan,

defended Muslim minority

India/Pakistan Conflict

India and Pakistan Over control of Muslim-majority

Kashmir.

Passive Resistance/Civil

Disobedience

India Idea of Gandhi, do not make

military conflict over independence

Indira Gandhi

India Prime minister, led to India’s self-

sufficiency in agriculture, success

in Pakistan war, assassinated


What was the agricultural revolution?

Transformation of farming in 18th century, new crops, better

cultivation technology, consolidation of farmland

What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?

Loss of jobs for many farmers, labor force, fewer needed to farm land

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?

Great Britain was the first country to become industrialized. They had access to coal, materials from the Americas, and invented new machinery. They them prevented others from learning about industry. Machines and knowledge were kept secret.

What were three causes of the Industrial Revolution?

1. Agricultural Rev

2. Capital

3. Coal and iron ore (natural resources

Effects of the Industrial Revolution:

1) Mass production

2) Urbanization

3) Poor working conditions

4) Laissez faire

5) Middle and working classes

Prentice Hall, 164-166 Barron’s 301-303

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What is

conservatism?

Keep old

ways, absolute

monarchy

What is

Marxism?

Wants end of

private property,

complete

equality

What is

Utopian

Socialism? Self-sustaining

communities,

cooperative work

What is Social

Darwinism? Idea that certain

states will dominate

others based on

innate differences

What is

liberalism?

Pro civil

rights,

representative

gov’t

New

philosophies

and ideas

Prentice Hall, 153 Barron’s 272, 298

DEFINE ANARCHY

Chaos, disorder. No gov’t


Supply stations

for ships

Places to sell goods

after industrial rev

Missionary work

Military bases

overseas

Need of natural

resources for

production

What were the

causes of

imperialism?

Explain.

Prentice Hall, 121-123 Barron’s 271-272

Define: transoceanic empires Empires in Americas, Africa, Asia, home country in Europe. Britain, France, etc. Colonies/territory in

each continent


Who was Mathew Commodore Perry?

First to arrive at Japan, opened it up to the West

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Industrialization and end of old social classes in Japan

JAPANESE

IMPERIALISM

SINO-JAPANESE WAR

Explain it: Between China and Japan over

control of Korea

Significance:

Korea was controlled by Japan

Outcome:Japanese victory

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

Explain it:

Russia and Japan both wanted Korea and Manchuria. Significance:

Russian navy was destroyed

Outcome: Japanese victory

japan



COUNTRY WHAT SHOULD I KNOW?

INDIA What European country controlled India?

Britain

Explain what led to the Sepoy Mutiny?

Pig and cow fat was used in rifle cartridges, offensive to Hindus

and Muslims

What were the effects?

Led to Britain taking direct control of India

AFRICA How did the Berlin Conference illustrate Eurocentrism?

No African countries were present

What was the Boer War? Who fought?

Conflict between Dutch and British in Africa, British won. Diamonds and gold were at stake

What was the result of Zulu resistance?

British took over land of the Zulu

CHINA Who was selling opium to the Chinese?

Britain

What was the Opium War?

China wanted to stop trade of opium, Britain didn’t

How did the Europeans benefit from the Treaty of Nanjing?

European merchants took control of the Chinese eco.

What is a Sphere of Influence?

Area where western country could sell goods in China

Why did the Boxers lose?

Had no weapons, went against imperialistic powers

Who was Sun Yixian?

Led revolution against Qing

Who was Sun Yixian? (Yatsen)

Prentice Hall, 160-161 Barron’s, 286

Barron’s, 2122

Barron’s, 281-282


New Nations

New Nation Significance

The Cherokee Nation Land taken by US, people sent to reservations

Siam Only Southeast Asian nation to remain independent

Hawai’i Annexed by US

Zulu Kingdom Resisted imperialism, did not succeed

Nationalism

New Nation Significance

Filipino nationalism Supported by US, ended Spanish control

Liberian nationalism Against settlers in Liberia, led to new state

Class Notes



1. Guano:

Used as fertilizer in Peru

2. Limited liability corporation:

Merchants pooled resources, split profits. No one is taking a huge risk if failure occurs 3. Gold standard:

Money is based on a certain amount of gold

4. “Open Door Policy:

Opened up Chinese ports to trade to all

5. Copper mines in Mexico:

Harsh conditions led to Mexican Revoltution

6. Coal and diamond mines in South Africa:

British workers, led to Boer War, British won

7. United Fruit Company:

Owned much land in Caribbean, controlled banana market.

8. HSBC:

Bank in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Japan, helped opium trade

9. Muhammad Ali and the development of cotton in Egypt:

General who took over Egypt after Napoleon’s departure. Industry, autonomy in Egypt, not

dependent on colonial power

10. Suffrage other than the USA for women:

Young Turks, etc. wanted to gain support of women, give more rights

11. Dutch colonization in Indonesia:

Trading company allowed for control of eco and political

12. British colonization in India:

Took control of industry, agriculture, whole eco

13. British influence in West Africa:

Brought scientific, military, industrial advancements. Racist, condescending towards native pop.

14. Belgium influence in the Congo:

Forced villagers to produce rubber, allowed to mutilate those who did not meet quota. Pop halved in 40

years


Various Chapters


15. British influence in Australia and New Zealand:

Waged war on Aborigines to take control of Australia. Criminals and soldiers lived on the islands

16. French influence in Algeria:

Thought to be most important French possession, so they were incredibly violent to natives

17. Bolivar’s Jamaican Letter:

Inspired revolution against Spain in Latin America

18. Maroon Societies:

Made up of escaped slaves, raided plantations for supplies, free others

19. Marathas and the Mughal Sultans:

Marathas were Hindu, fought Mughals for control of India, lost

20. The Indian Revolt of 1857:

Sepoys rebelled against British, thought pork fat was used in bullet casings

21. The Taiping Rebellion:

Rebellion against Qing dynasty, wanted reform and new dynasty.

22. The Ghost Dance:

Resistance to US mistreatment of natives, US massacred the Sioux

23. The Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement:

Rebellion where cattle, crops were killed in British ruled South Africa. Led to end of resistance

24. The Tanzimat movement:

Reforms in Ottoman with goal of ending European influence

25. The Self-Strengthening Movement:

Qing tried to modernize military and economy. Cixi was against

26. Chinese Exclusion Act:

US policy that ended Chinese immigration for a time.

27. White Australia Policy:

Only whites could migrate to Australia. Shows views of racial superiority

28. Enclave of the Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America and North America:

Chinese worked in these places in industry or agriculture


Accelerating Global Change and

Realignments 1900 to Present

What were the causes of WWI?

M A N I A

Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of

Arch Duke Franz

Ferdinand

Who was involved?

CENTRAL POWERS

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottomans

ALLIED POWERS

US

France

Britain

Russia



1. Why were the Balkans known as the Powder Keg?

They were ready to explode at a moment’s notice due to ethnic tensions

2. What technology was used?

Planes, gas, machine guns, artillery

3. Describe trench warfare:

Soldiers stayed in trenches, charged at enemy’s, died in no-man’s land

4. Why was WWI a stalemate?

Trench warfare led to an unmoving front

5. What were the effects of WWI?

End of Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empire

6. How was Germany treated?

Blamed for the war, suffered economically

7. What is the significance of the Treaty of Versailles and the War Guilt clause?

Blamed Germany, asked for reparations

8. How did WWI pave the way for WWII?

Dissatisfied German people wanted revenge, make country strong once more

9. Define: firebombing

Use of incendiary weapons to devastate a city

How did the breakdown of the empire impact the Balkan region? Led to nationalistic sentiment in Balkan region, wanted separate states. Led to death of Ferdinand How did the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire wave the way for British influence in Egypt? British could now expand into Egypt without fear of retaliation, Suez Canal built

Barron’s, 143, 175, 211, 277


What was Bloody Sunday?

Workers protested at Winter Palace, were shot at

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

Lenin

What promise did Lenin make to the people of Russia?

End WWI, feed Russia

Why did Lenin pull out of WWI?

Promised to, many were dying for seemingly no cause

What was the NEP? How was it a step back from communism?

Some private owenrship of land to increase production, instead of

land owned by gov’t

CAUSES and EXPLAIN

Prentice Hall, 196-201 Russia was behind in industry, did not want

to be in WWI, not enough food, people were

poor, Nicholas II blamed,


Define: Command Economy

Complete control of economy by govt

Who took power after Lenin?

Stalin

What was the Great Purge?

Stalin killed political opponents

Describe the Five-year plan:

Made quotas for production, failed, peasants starved

What were collectives?

Communal farms joined together from smaller farms.

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Impact/Significance

on the modern era

Mary Wollstonecraft’s a

A Vindication of the Rights of Women

Encouraged women to work, leave

home

Olympe de Gouge’s Declaration of the

Rights of Women and the Female Citizen

Response to French Rev., said

women need rights too

Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

Wanted education, working rights,

voting for women

Impact/Significance

on the modern era

Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific

Worked on sugar plantations after Chinese were

prohibited

Lebanese merchants in the Americas

Exposed products to new people, extended trade

Italians in Argentina

Worked on plantations, replaced slaves


How did the Great Depression pave the way for WWII?

Led to frustration with eco., fascism provided hope

What are the characteristics that are associated with a fascist

leader?

Only leader allowed, kill enemies, help nation, expand nation

1) Benito Mussolini – Il Ducé

Promises: End unemployment

problem, gain lands

Effects: lost power, died towards end of WWII, provoked the Allies. Ended freedoms for Italians

2) How did the Weimar Republic pave the way for WWII?

Weak, ineffectual, led to Hitler winning over public

3) Adolf Hitler

Promises: provide jobs, rebuild Germany

Strategies: charismatic, end Treaty of Versailles, gather military

Effects: Invaded Poland, started WWII, killed Jews

4) Main Ideas/Events that Are Associated With the Holocaust:

(Hitler Youth, Night of the Broken Glass, Nuremburg Laws)

Kristallnacht destroyed Jewish owned businesses, Nuremburg Laws encouraged anti-Semitism

Pages 259-263


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What important decisions were made at Yalta and Potsdam?

Germany would be divided into four zones

AXIS POWERS

Germany, Italy, Japan

ALLIED POWERS

US, Russia, China, Britain, France, Italy

The significance of the bombing of Pearl Harbor:

Led to US entry into the war

The significance of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki:

Ended war, only use of nuclear weapons

The significance of D-Day:

Started to push back into occupied France


Describe the human rights violations that occurred at Dresden and Nanjing:

Allies bombed Dresden, killed civilians. Japanese raped, killed Chinese

civilians at Nanjing

The League of Nation failed at the conclusion of WWI. What organization was created

in response to the atrocities that occurred during WWII? Why? Explain.

The UN was created due to the Holocaust, Rape of Nanking to prevent such

events from taking place again. Needed a strong peacekeeping agency

What was Blitzkrieg?

Lightning war, fast and effective

invasion strategy used by Nazi

Germany

What is appeasement?

Giving of territory to Hitler, hoping

he would not use military to expand

Significance International Criminal Court:

Global court to prosecute criminals guilty

of human rights violations

UNICEF:

UN program for children’s

rights, edu

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War Crimes

Trial

Nazis executed,

imprisoned

Cold War

Us and USSR

began to

compete

Economic Loss

Communism

became more

popular

Human Loss

10 killed in

Holocaust

Most deadly

war

IMPACT OF

WWII


Which two super powers emerged?

US and USSR

1. Significance of Soviet Satellites?

Soviets won the space race

2. What is the significance of NATO?

Alliance system against USSR, divided countries into US or USSR allied

3. What is the significance of the Warsaw Pact?

USSR answer to NATO, attack on any nation would lead to retaliation from all others

4. Be able to describe the partition of Germany:

Split into 4 sectors, 3 going to Britian, France, US, 1 to USSR. Berlin split in 2

5. What was the Berlin Blockade?

USSR kept traffic from Berlin, cutting off supplies

6. What was the Berlin Airlift?

US sent planes over West Berlin to feed, clothe them

7. What was the “iron curtain” that had descended upon Europe?

Divided Easter Europe from Western Europe, Eastern had become communist

8. What was the arms race?

Between US, USSR to develop more powerful and threatening weapons

9. What was the space race?

Between US and USSR, see who could make it to space, moon first

10. What is the significance of Sputnik?

First satellite in space, by USSR

11. What is the significance of the Berlin Wall? (1961-1989)

Divided city of Berlin, kept East Berliners from going to West Berlin



12. What is the significance of the Marshall Plan?

Gave money to developing nations to prevent rise of communism

13. What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine?

US would help contain communism wherever needed

14. What is the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Missiles were pointed at US, had to be deescalated between JFK and Khrushchev, closest to

nuclear war that ever occurred

15. Define: containment

Prevention of Soviet expansion by US

16. Define: co-existence

Peaceful cooperation between communist and capitalist states. USSR and China used this

17. Who was Ho Chi Minh and was he significant?

Leader of North Vietnam, wanted to spread communism to South Vietnam


1. Who was Mao Zedong? Leader of Chinese Communist Party

2. What was the Long March? Moved army across China, gained supporters

3. List 5 reasons for Communist Success during the Chinese Civil War

✓ Guerilla attacks

✓ Long March

✓ Promised land

✓ Reject Confucianism

✓ modernization

IV. Mao Made Several Changes and Reforms. ➢ What was the goal of the Great Leap Forward? modernize China, increase output ➢ What was the Cultural Revolution? Who were the Red Guards? renew spirit of revolution in China. Students who became fighters for revolution ➢ How did the role of women change in China? paid equally, equality under the law

V. Deng Xiaoping

➢ List Deng Xiaoping’s four modernizations. farming, industry, science and technology, defense ➢ How was Deng different than Mao (economically)? Allowed for some capitalism


What was the “little red

book?” Guidelines on how

to think in accordance with

Mao

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Explain how India has dealt with the following problems:

3. Caste System

Abolished by Gandhi

4. Status of Women

Low due to Hinduism, Indira Gandhi helped change

5. Sikh Separatism

Used military to kill separatists

→ Why did East and West Pakistan break from India?

Needed a place for Muslims living in India where they would not be discriminated against

→ What name does East Pakistan have today?

Bangladesh

What event is illustrated in this picture?

Tiananmen Square Massacre



❖ Define Apartheid

separation of whites, non whites in South Africa

❖ Explain how each of the people below contributed to the end of apartheid:

Nelson Mandela:

civil disobedience, put in jail, became martyr

Desmond Tutu:

Asked for stopping trade with British until Apartheid is ended

F.W. de Klerk

President of South Africa, released Mandela, made it African National Congress legal

❖ What problems has tribalism caused in Africa?

led to fighting between tribes in nations like Uganda

❖ What do Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta have in common?

Both wanted independence of their respective countries

❖ What is the significance of Pan-Africanism?

Joined together people of Africa to oppose imperialism, end tribalism



Why was Israel created?

Give Jews a homeland after Holocaust

What is the goal of the PLO?

destroy nation of Israel

What was the intifada?

Palestinians became violent in Israel

How did the Camp David Accords promote peace in the Middle East?

brought peace between Egypt, Israel

The Middle East is important to the world because it is an important source of oil, home to three

world religions, and is the crossroads of trade between Egypt, Africa and Europe.

What was the focus of the Iran-Iraq War?

Iraq invaded Iran after its revolution

How did the Persian Gulf War begin?

Iraq invaded Kuwait, needed to be stopped

Why have people of the Middle East turned to Islamic Fundamentalism?

promises rules to follow, creation of state for Muslims in every way

Who overthrew the Shah of Iran? What type of government did he establish? How has he

changed the government of Iran?

Ayatollah Khomeini, theocracy, no women’s suffrage



THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION

Causes:

1. Gorbachev

2. Reagan

3. Revolts in Hungary, etc.

4. detente

5. wars in Kora, Vietnam

BREAK UP OF USSR

Effects:

1. Reunification of Germany

2. Capitalism in Russia

3. democracy

4. independence for Soviet satellites

Perestroika

Restructuring of eco

Glasnost

Freedom of press, speech

Who am I?

Gorbechev

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a symbolic end to Communist control over Eastern Europe.

Who was Lech Walesa and what did he accomplish? Polish politician, founded independent trade union in Soviet bloc



ARGENTINA How did Juan Peron gain popularity?

Financed public works, wife Evita was popular with

the people

CUBA

Who is Fidel Castro?

Leader of Cuba, led revolt

Why was Cuba affected by the collapse of the Soviet

Union?

Cubans relied on their support, economy was poor

NICARAGUA What type of political system did the Sandinistas

establish?

Communist democracy

Name the political group that revolted against the

Sandinistas.

The Contras

Why did the US support this counterrevolutionary

group?

They were against communism and so was the US



Armenian Genocide

Armenians were killed in

Ottoman Empire, still

denied it happened

Rape of Nanjing

Japan raped, killed

Chinese civilians

Darfur

Rape, killing in Sudan

civil war

Cambodia

Cambodian communists

took over, killed educated

members of society

Africa

Apartheid

Segregation of blacks and

whites

Africa

What happened in Rwanda?

Tutsi were killed by

the Hutu

Bosnia

Bosnian serbs were killed

after declaring

independence

Northern Ireland

Describe the religious

controversy.

Protestants want to stay in

UK, Catholics want to leave

Ethnic and

Religious Conflict

Worldwide



CURRENT

ISSUES

Topic Problem

Overpopulation

Not enough food, living space for world pop

Environmental Pollution

Earth is losing biodiversity, climate change occurring

Deforestation

Environment is being destroyed due to capitalism

Desertification

Less area is available to grow food, leads to starvation

Status of Women

Still inferior to men, especially in Islamic countries

Urbanization

Leads to pollution, poor living conditions, overcrowding



Concepts:

Define and respond, make sure you are

responding in the context of the

periodization:

The theory of relativity: Put forward by Einstein, said space

and time are not constant

Quantum mechanics: motion of subatomic particles,

atomic bomb

Big Bang Theory: Idea that universe expanded from

single point

Psychology: Analysis of the mind, desires

Polio vaccination: Prevents polio from spreading,

crippling people

Antibiotics: Kills bacteria, fights infection

Artificial heart: Prolongs life, allows for

How have medical advancements influenced the population?

Increased lifespan, greater chance

at survival

Why are malaria, tuberculosis and cholera associated with poverty?

Occur in places without

vaccines/medical treatment

1918 influenza: Killed more than WWI, unknown

cause

Ebola: Spread in Africa, kills and could

spread across the world

Traditions and Encounters, Barron’s Various Chapters


HIV/Aids Autoimmune infection spread by

blood Why are these diseases associated with changing lifestyles: diabetes,

heart disease, Alzheimer’s?

All develop with age/lack of

exercise/diet

How did the Gold Coast achieve independence from the British?

Nkrumah helped with

independence movement How did Algeria and Vietnam gain

independence from the French empire?

Through independence wars

How did Angola gain independence from the Portuguese?

Through war

What interaction did Muhammad Ali Jinnah have with the Québécois

separatist movement?

Supported it due to their difference

from Canada

Biafra secessionist movement: Tried to establish independent

Biafra state

Pan-Arabism: Joining of Arab nations against

Israel

Zionsim: Creation of Israel

Gurkha soldiers: Nepalese troops that were part of

British army

ANZAC troops in Australia: Australian and New Zealand

troops, fought in WWI

Military conscription: Forces people to fight for military

Picasso in his Guernica: Painting, shows Nazi bombing of

village in Basque (Spain)


Al-Qaeda: Terrorist group carried out 9/11,

based in Afghanistan, Iraq

New Deal: FDR tried to revitalize eco. After

Great Depression

Chile under Pinochet: No freedom of speech, secret

police, executions

International Monetary Fund (IMF): Maintains stability in global eco

World Bank: Lends money to countries for

development

World Trade Organization (WTO): Guarantees free trade

NAFTA:

North American free trade

agreement, Mexico, Canada, US

has free trade

ASEAN: Southeast Asian trade agreement

European Union: Established in Europe to bring eco.

Together

Mercosur: South American trade agreement

Greenpeace Protest Movement: Protesters against pollution

Green Belt in Kenya: Organization for environmental

protection

Negritude: Being proud of African culture and

heritage


Xenophobia: Fear of people of other countries

Hare Krishna: Idea that the love of Krishna is

most important


Socialist Realism

Art meant to

portray life in

communist

countries and

promote it

Video Games

Entertainment for

mostly children to

young adults,

takes up large

amount of free

time

Economic impact

of Coca-Cola

Traded throughout

the world, makes

jobs in factories

James Bond

Started as book

series, popularized

by prevalence of

spies during Cold

War

Dada

Art that criticizes

modern world

MODERN

TIMES

SIGNIFICANCE


Bollywood

Indian version of

Hollywood,

involves musical

numbers

Reggae

Music style from

Jamaica, usually

social critique

Cricket

Popular in India,

Britain. Players

were involved

with India

independence

Olympics

International sport

competition, held

every 4 (2) years

World Cup Soccer

International

soccer

competition held

every 4 years

MODERN

TIMES

SIGNIFICANCE

GOOD LUCK!

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