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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: 1900-1920 Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH
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Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Dec 18, 2015

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Page 1: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

THE PROGRESSIVE ERA:

1900-1920

Mr. Pagliaro

Seymour High School

@PagsAPUSH

Page 2: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 1Progressives & Progressivism

Page 3: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 1 Objectives

1. Explain the four goals of progressivism.

2. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government.

3. Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

Page 4: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Progressivism: KEY POINTS

Most reformer leaders = middle-classFocus: urban or consumer issues

Beliefs that government should:Fix social issuesRegulate industryImprove labor conditions

Against Social Darwinism – focus on cooperation

Page 5: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Progressive movements

Political & Social reformsExposing corruptionModernizationElection reformsMunicipal reformFamily and foodConstitutional changeProhibition

Economic policies

Page 6: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Four Basic goals of Progressives

1) Protect Social Welfare

2) Promote Moral Improvement

3) Create Economic Reform

4) Foster Efficiency

Page 7: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Specific Goals of Progressivism

Democratization of political processDirect election of senatorsWomen’s suffrage

Reform state & local politicsPublic opinion: initiative, referendum, recallCommission/City-planner local stylesWeaken political machines w/ nonpartisan local politics

Regulation of big businessRegulate child laborAntitrust lawsLaws to protect consumers

Page 8: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Reading Review:

What is an initiative? What is a referendum? What is a recall vote?

Page 9: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Progressives didn’t…

fight for civil rights reforms want labor reforms to lead to socialism

Page 10: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Progressive legal reforms

Constitutional Amendments

Federal laws

16th – income tax 17th – direct election of

senators 18th – prohibition 19th – women’s suffrage

1890: Sherman Antitrust Act 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act 1906:

Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act

1910: Mann Act Mann-Elkins Act

1913: Clayton Antitrust Act Federal Reserve Act

Page 11: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 2Muckrakers

Page 12: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 2 Objectives

1. Identify the role of journalists in shaping social and political reform during the progressive era.

2. Evaluate the roles of Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, and Ida Tarbell.

Page 13: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Muckrakers

Investigative reportersPromoted reformsExposed government corruptionUncovered urban problemsRevealed business dishonesty

Criticized political bosses, robber barons Large audience due to mass circulation

Newspapers, magazines

Page 14: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Leading Muckrakers

Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens Jacob Riis

Page 15: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Upton Sinclair

The Jungle (1906)Exposed disgusting situation of American

meatpacking industry Public outcry forced Congress to pass:

Meat Inspection Act (1906)Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

Page 16: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Mary had a little Lamb and When she saw it start to sicken She shipped it off to packing town and now they call it Chicken

Page 17: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

The Meat Inspection Act

Page 18: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

The Pure Food & Drug Act

Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906halted the sale of

contaminated foods and medicines

truth in labeling

The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

Page 19: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Ida M. Tarbell Leading female muckraker McClure’s Magazine

The History of the Standard Oil Trust - 1902-04○ Criticized Rockefeller’s practices

“The Mother of all Trusts”

○ Used horizontal AND vertical integrationNO competition for drilling, refining, and delivery

Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, (1911)Broke trust into several competing companies

Page 20: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt depicted as the infant Hercules grappling with Standard Oil in a 1906 Puck magazine cartoon

Page 21: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Lincoln Steffens

The Shame of the CitiesExposed public corruption

○ Help immigrants under thumbs of political machines

Page 22: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Jacob Riis

How the Other Half LivesPhoto journalism; bookFlash photography

○ Focus on immigrants, Lower East Side, NYC○ Gave a face to poverty

Helped promote reform:- Tenement housing- Sweatshop working conditions

- Related poor conditions to high rates of crime, alcoholism, family issues

Page 23: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Progressive groups

Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon LeagueProhibition

YMCA & Salvation ArmyProtect social welfare

Page 24: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Industrial Efficiency

Louis BrandeisLimit women’s hours @ work

Scientific ManagementFrederick Taylor (Taylor Method)

Assembly linesHenry Ford

Page 25: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Scientific

Management Frederick Taylor

motion studiesimprove factory

efficiency

Page 26: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

REGULATING BIG BUSINESS Robert La

FolletteGov. Wisconsin

○ regulation of big business

Robert La Follette

Page 27: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN

Child labor reformsprone to accidents

caused by fatigueNearly every state

limited or banned child labor by 1918

Page 28: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS

Reduced women’s work week

Goal: 40 hour weeks/worker

Workman’s compensation

Page 29: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

ELECTION REFORM

Australian (Secret) Ballot

Recall Referendum Initiatives Primary elections

Page 30: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS Before 1913, each

state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators

Eliminated influence of political machines Congress passed the

17th Amendment (1913)

Page 31: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 3Progressive Presidents

Page 32: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 3 Objectives

1. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business.

2. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment.

3. Summarize Roosevelt's stand on civil rights.

4. Explain the division in the Republican Party.

5. Describe the election of 1912.

6. Describe Woodrow Wilson's background and the progressive reforms of his presidency.

Page 33: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Theodore Roosevelt

26th President – Republican Party

1901-1909 Addressed –

Meat packing industryUnsafe medicinal productsEnvironmental conservationFighting railroad trusts

Square Deal Labor Arbitration

Page 34: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

TRUSTBUSTING

1900, Trusts – controlled 80% of U.S. industries Sued under

Sherman Antitrust Act

Page 35: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

1902 COAL STRIKE 1902: 140,000 coal

miners strike wanting: 20 % pay increase 9-hour work day right to unionize

Mine owners refused to bargain

Roosevelt settled the dispute Fed must help if strikes

affect public

Settlement:10% Pay Increase

9-hour workdayNo UnionizationArbitration board

Page 36: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Preserve nation’s natural resources

Roosevelt pushed conservation

Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author

John Muir at Yosemite Park

Page 37: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

148 million acres of forest reserves

1.5 million acres of water-power sites

50 wildlife sanctuaries National parks

Yosemite National Park, CA

Page 38: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.
Page 39: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

William H. Taft

27th President – Roosevelt’s handpicked successorSupport of Payne-Aldrich Tariff

○ Failed to appease progressive Republicans○ Split party

Busted 90 trusts in 4 years (double TR)

Page 40: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Election of 1912

Page 41: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Election of 1912

Page 42: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Election of 1912

42%

28%

24%

6%

% of popular vote

WilsonRooseveltTaftDebs

Page 43: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Woodrow Wilson 28th President – 1913-1921

Former governor of NJ, president of Princeton

Southern Economic policies attacked:

TrustsHigh TariffsBanking Issues

Page 44: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Economic Legislation during Wilson’s Administration Underwood Tariff – 1913: LOWER

Boosted by 16th Amendment – Income Tax Aid to farmers

Smith-Lever Act – 1914 – Taught new techniquesFederal Farm Loan Act – 1916 – Low interest loans

Aid to workersClayton Antitrust Act – 1914 – strengthened antitrust

laws○ Held business owners liable for adherence to laws

Page 45: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Federal Reserve Act - 1913 New central banking system of USA

Aided spread of currency & credit

Page 46: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) FORMED

Formed 1914 “watchdog” agency

end unfair business practices

protects consumers from business fraud

Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft

Page 47: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Foreign Policy (PRE WWI)

Halted aid to Pancho Villa’s Mexican revolutionariesRecognized legitimacy of Carranza’s regime

Mexican Expedition – 1916 to 1917John J. Pershing4,300 soldiersResponse to Villa’s Columbus, NM raid

Page 48: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 4Reformers & Suffragettes

Page 49: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 4 Objectives

1. Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th century.

2. Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement.

3. List the steps leading to woman suffrage.

4. Explain how woman suffrage was achieved.

Page 50: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Jane Addams

Hull House – ChicagoSettlement houses helped urban poor

○ Nurseries for working mothers○ Reports condemned living conditions for poor○ Literacy classes

Page 51: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Women’s Suffrage

NWSA-1869-National Women’s Suffrage AssociationSusan B. Anthony, Elisabeth

Cady Stanton NAWSA-1890

Page 52: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

THREE-PART STRATEGY FOR WINNING SUFFRAGE

1) Convince state legislatures (Succeeded in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Colorado)

2) Pursue court cases to test 14th Amendment

3) Push for national Constitutional amendment

Page 53: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

WOMEN AND REFORM 1896 formation of National

Association of Colored Women (NACW)Goals:

○ Suffrage○ Improve working conditions

Page 54: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.
Page 55: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.
Page 56: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Women & Progressive Reforms

Ida B. Wells-Barnett – anti-lynching, suffrage, and civil rights

Margaret Sanger – birth control activist, promoted sex educationFounded American Birth Control LeagueAnti-abortion

Others campaigned forChild labor legislationLimiting hours for women & children

Page 57: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Women & the Workplace

Majority of female workers: young, unmarried

Most work outside of home includedDomestic servants (>60%)Garment work (20%)TeachersCigar makers

Little opportunity for advanced degreesEmergence of “Seven Sisters” Colleges

Page 58: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 5African-Americans during the Progressive Era

Page 59: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Part 5 Objectives

1. Identify Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois

2. Analyze the foundation of the NAACP

3. Summarize the challenges faced by African Americans that emerged during the Progressive Era.

Page 60: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Booker T. Washington Main African American leader 1890-1915

Author, educator, oratorFounder, Tuskegee Institute (industrial

education)Atlanta Address, 1895

○ Promoted hiring of nation’s blacks over immigrants

○ Promoted gradualism, (education) and separatism (segregation)

Page 61: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

W.E.B. Du Bois Author, scholar, civil rights activist Goals included integration, education,

progress for Civil Rights 1903 – Talented Tenth

Promoted advancement via classical education 1905 – Niagara Movement

Advocated economic, political, & social equality 1909 – Founded NAACP

Page 62: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

The NAACP

Goal: Equality of all racesFocused on using courts to achieve

equality/justice○ Attack Jim Crow legislation

6,000 members in first 5 years,currently 300,000

Newsletter: The Crisis

Page 63: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM

Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office

“Birth of a Nation”-1915 Gave rise to 2nd KKK

○ peaked in membership in 1920sBanned by Ku Klux Klan Act,

1871○ New form was:

RacistAnti-catholicAnti-immigrantAnti-semetic

The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s

"It is like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it

is all so terribly true.“-President, Woodrow Wilson

Page 64: Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH. Progressives & Progressivism.

Topics to review for AP exam

Goals of progressivism Upton Sinclair, Ida

Tarbell, and Jacob Riis Legislation under

Roosevelt The Federal Reserve

Act

Dollar Diplomacy Women in in the Progressive

Era The 16th, 17th, and 18th

amendments Varying viewpoints on civil

rights advocacy