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THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Michael Kohn, Anna Kaminski, Daniel McCrohan Mongolia # _ Central Mongolia p98 The Gobi p179 Western Mongolia p206 Eastern Mongolia p160 Northern Mongolia p129 Ulaanbaatar p56 ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd
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Mongolia - Lonely Planetmedia.lonelyplanet.com/shop/pdfs/mongolia-7-contents.pdf · Mongolia #_ Central Mongolia p98 The Gobi p179 Western Mongolia p206 Eastern Mongolia ... From

Mar 14, 2018

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Page 1: Mongolia - Lonely Planetmedia.lonelyplanet.com/shop/pdfs/mongolia-7-contents.pdf · Mongolia #_ Central Mongolia p98 The Gobi p179 Western Mongolia p206 Eastern Mongolia ... From

THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY

Michael Kohn, Anna Kaminski, Daniel McCrohan

Mongolia

#_

CentralMongoliap98

The Gobip179

WesternMongoliap206

EasternMongolia

p160

NorthernMongoliap129

Ulaanbaatarp56

©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd

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Welcome to Mongolia . . . 4Mongolia Map . . . . . . . . . . .6Mongolia’s Top 14 . . . . . . . .8Need to Know . . . . . . . . . .16If You Like . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Month by Month . . . . . . . 20Itineraries . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Outdoor Activities . . . . . 28Organised Tours . . . . . . . 35Road Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Trans-Mongolian Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Naadam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Regions at a Glance . . . . 53

ULAANBAATAR . . . . 56Sights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Festivals & Events . . . . . . . 72Sleeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Drinking & Nightlife . . . . . 82Entertainment . . . . . . . . . . 84Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

CENTRAL MONGOLIA . . . . . . . . 98Töv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Zuunmod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Bogdkhan Uul Strictly Protected Area . . . . . . . . . 102Nalaikh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Terelj Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Gachuurt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Khustain National Park . . . . . . . . . . 110Övörkhangai . . . . . . . . . . 111Arvaikheer . . . . . . . . . . . . .111Kharkhorin (Karakorum) . . . . . . . . . . 113West of Kharkhorin . . . . . 119East of Kharkhorin . . . . . 121Arkhangai . . . . . . . . . . . 122Tsetserleg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Tsenkher Hot Springs . . . 125Tsetserleg to Tariat . . . . . 126Tariat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

NORTHERN MONGOLIA . . . . . . . 129Selenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131Sükhbaatar . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Altanbulag . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Dulaankhaan . . . . . . . . . . 133Darkhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Amarbayasgalant Khiid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Bulgan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Erdenet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Bulgan City . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Khövsgöl . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Mörön . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Khövsgöl Nuur National Park . . . . . . . . . . 147Chandman-Öndör . . . . . . 154Darkhad Depression . . . . 155Mörön to Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur . . . . . . . . . . 158

EASTERN MONGOLIA . . . . . . . 160Khentii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Chinggis Khot (Öndörkhaan) . . . . . . . . . 162Khökh Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . 165Baldan Baraivun Khiid . . 165Öglögchiin Kherem . . . . . 165Binder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Dadal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Dornod . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Choibalsan . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Kherlen Bar Khot . . . . . . .171Buir Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Khalkhiin Gol . . . . . . . . . . 172Sükhbaatar . . . . . . . . . . 174Baruun-Urt . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Dariganga . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Shiliin Bogd Uul . . . . . . . . 177

THE GOBI . . . . . . . . . .179Dundgov . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Mandalgov . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Baga Gazryn Chuluu . . . . 183Süm Khökh Burd . . . . . . . 184Erdenedalai . . . . . . . . . . . 184Ongiin Khiid . . . . . . . . . . . 184Ikh Gazryn Chuluu . . . . . 186

ON THE ROAD

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WALL OF ERDENE ZUU KHIID (P114)

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Contents

Dornogov . . . . . . . . . . . 187Sainshand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Ikh Nartiin Chuluu . . . . . . 189Zamyn-Üüd . . . . . . . . . . . 190Ömnögov . . . . . . . . . . . . .191Dalanzadgad . . . . . . . . . . 191Gurvan Saikhan National Park . . . . . . . . . . 193Bayanzag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Bayankhongor . . . . . . . 199Bayankhongor City . . . . . 199Bayangovi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Amarbuyant Khiid . . . . . . 202Ekhiin Gol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Gov-Altai . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Altai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area . . . . . . . . .205Eej Khairkhan Nature Reserve . . . . . . . .205

WESTERN MONGOLIA . . . . . . . 206Bayan-Ölgii . . . . . . . . . . 208Ölgii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208Sagsai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Tsengel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Altai Tavan Bogd National Park . . . . . . . . . . 214

Tolbo Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Tsambagarav Uul National Park . . . . . . . . . . 217Khovd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Khovd City . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Khar Us Nuur National Park . . . . . . . . . .220Chandmani . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Tsenkheriin Agui . . . . . . . 221Mönkh Khairkhan National Park . . . . . . . . . . 222Uvs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Ulaangom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Uvs Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Üüreg Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Kharkhiraa Uul & Türgen Uul . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Khökh Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . 227Uvsiin Khar Us Nuur . . . . 227Achit Nuur . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Khyargas Nuur National Park . . . . . . . . . . 228Zavkhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Uliastai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Zagastain Davaa . . . . . . . 231Otgon Tenger Uul Strictly Protected Area . . .231Tosontsengel . . . . . . . . . . 231

Mongolia Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

The Mongolian Way of Life . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Traditional Gers . . . . . . 250

Spiritualism in Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Mongolian Cuisine . . . . 256

Tribal Mongolia . . . . . . . 258

Wild Lands & Wildlife . . .260

Directory A–Z . . . . . . . . 266

Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Language . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Map Legend . . . . . . . . . . 311

SURVIVAL GUIDE

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SPECIAL FEATURESOrganised Tours . . . . . 35

Road Trip . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Trans-Mongolian Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Naadam . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

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Short trips from Ulaanbaatar can offer a taste of the countryside without having to invest too much time travelling along endless country roads.

From UB, head to Khustain National Park for the night to watch the wild takhi horses. Back in Ulaanbaatar, catch a ride to Mandshir Khiid in Töv aimag, from where you can hike back over the mountain to Ulaanbaatar. This can be done either as a full day trip or as an overnight hike.

Next, head east to Gorkhi-Terelj National Park. There are a number of activity options here, including mountain biking, horse riding, rock climbing, hiking and river rafting. You can even learn the art of cheese-making from Bert, the Dutch cheesemaker.

If you have your own vehicle, push on a little further east to see the enormous Chinggis Khaan Statue at Tsonjin Boldog.

Back in Ulaanbaatar, leave one day for visiting the National Museum of Mongolia, Gandan Khiid and the Winter Palace of the Bogd Khan.

Around Ulaanbaatar

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Itineraries

1 WEEK

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The western aimags offer adventurous travel and exploration. Adrenalin junkies can break out the mountain bike, kayak or mountaineering gear. Start with a flight to Khovd, from where you can hire a jeep and driver for a birdwatching and wildlife ex-pedition to Khar Us Nuur National Park. At nearby Chandmani, visit the renowned throat singers. Stop by Dörgön sum (district) for the chance to meet Megjin, a bona fide Green Tara (enlightened Buddha).

Looping back through Khovd, continue northwest to the beautiful pastures and valley around Tsambagarav Uul. You could easily spend a couple of days here before moving on to Ölgii, a great place to recharge your batteries.

Heading west from Ölgii, spend three to four days around Altai Tavan Bogd Na-tional Park. With proper equipment and permits it’s even possible to scale Mongolia’s highest peak, the 4374m Tavan Bogd, though a visit to the base camp and glacier is more feasible. With more time, consider doing a horse trek around Khoton Nuur.

On the way to or from Tavan Bogd, stop in Tsengel or Sagsai, authentic Kazakh vil-lages that offer a taste of life in the Wild West. A few families here keep eagles and it may be possible to meet them. From Sagsai it’s even possible to go rafting back to Ölgii. The best time to make this journey is in late September or early October, which gives you the chance to watch the spectacular Eagle Festival in Ölgii or Sagsai.

From Ölgii, the main road winds northeast, passing Üüreg Nuur, another gorgeous camping spot, en route to Ulaangom. Allow a week for trekking around Kharkhiraa Gol. An experienced driver can get you from Ulaangom to Uliastai, visiting Khyargas Nuur National Park and Ikh Agui cave en route. If you arrive at Khyargas Nuur before mid-September, you’ll have a chance to see hundreds of squawking cormorants at Khetsuu Khad.

From Uliastai you can take a horse-riding or hiking trip to Otgon Tenger Uul. Catch a flight back to Ulaanbaatar from Uliastai, or spend a few more days and go overland.

4 WEEKS

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Western Mongolia

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Ulaanbaatar

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Eastern Mongolia offers a delightful romp through grasslands, forest and some unique historical sights. Best of all, it’s almost completely devoid of tourists.

In a hired jeep, head east from UB and pass the new Chinggis Khaan Statue on the way to Khökh Nuur, a pretty alpine lake that saw the coronation of the great khaan. Continue northeast, visiting the restored monastery of Baldan Baraivun Khiid and nearby sights as you travel through Khentii’s scenic countryside. There are ger camps all along this route where you can stop for horse-riding trips in the mountains. Take a break in Dadal, a handsome village with horse-trekking options and an excellent naadam.

Following the Ulz Gol further east, you’ll pass pretty Buriat villages and nature re-serves including Ugtam Uul. If you’re interested in meeting a shaman you may be fortu-nate enough to get the opportunity by asking around in this area. It’s possible to continue northeast towards Chuluunkhoroot to visit Mongol Daguur B Strictly Protected Area, a protected area for wader birds. From northern Dornod, sweep south towards Choibalsan; some routes go via the ancient ruins at Kherlen Bar Khot.

The adventurous can push further east across the empty steppes to Khalkhiin Gol, a remote landscape of lakes, rivers, wildlife and historical sights. Highlights include a giant Buddha statue carved into a hillside and numerous WWII memorials.

You’ll need another couple of days to visit the lush Nömrög Strictly Protected Area. From Nömrög, tackle the rough terrain in Dornod Mongol Strictly Protected Area to spot some truly massive herds of gazelle.

The Dariganga region, with its sand dunes, cinder cones and scattered stone statues, requires two or three days. Horse trekking is possible here. If you’re in the area in early October, you’ll catch the large migration of swans at Ganga Nuur.

Return to Ulaanbaatar via Baruun-Urt and Chinggis Khot (Öndörkhaan), or travel via Sainshand for a taste of the Gobi and a visit to Khamaryn Khiid monastery.

3 WEEKS

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Start week one of this trip by flying from Ulaanbaatar to Mörön. Hire a vehicle in Mörön and drive to Tsagaannuur. Drop into the TCVC here and hire a guide and horses to get you out to the taiga and Tsaatan camps. Plan for a week of travel in the area.

To start week two, get a lift to Ren-chinlkhumbe and trek your way over to the shores of Khövsgöl Nuur. Then walk down the lakeshore until you reach Jankhai. Spend a few days relaxing at Na-ture’s Door Guesthouse and then continue on to Khatgal.

From Khatgal, the adventurous will make their way all the way up to Khankh on the northern shore of the lake. Alter-natively, there are some gorgeous areas east of the lake in the Chandman-Öndör area. You’ll need another week to explore this region.

The trip back to Ulaanbaatar goes through a remote part of Bulgan aimag to the pleasant aimag capital of Bulgan. Further east, after passing through Er-denet, make a short detour to visit the magnificent Amarbayasgalant Khiid.

4 WEEKS Northern Mongolia

From Ulaanbaatar, head south to the eerie rock formations of Baga Gazryn Chuluu and the ruined castle at Süm Khökh Burd, stopping at Eej Khad, the Mother Rock, en route.

At least three days are needed to explore Ömnögov: check out the spectacular ice canyon at Yolyn Am, the massive sand dunes at Khongoryn Els and the dino-saur quarry at Bayanzag. From here, go north to the ruined desert monastery of Ongiin Khiid, a perfect place to organise a camel trek.

Leaving the Gobi, your first stop is Erdene Zuu Khiid, the country’s oldest monastery. Head west up the Orkhon val-ley, to Tövkhön Khiid, a monastery in pine forest, and then on to the Orkhon Khürkhree. The waterfall is the perfect place to unwind after a long trip to the Gobi, so spend a couple of nights here (and wash away the Gobi dust in the falls).

On your way back to Ulaanbaatar, spend a night at Khustain National Park. This route can be combined with the Northern Mongolia itinerary.

2 WEEKS

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Michael Kohn Coordinating Author, Ulaanbaatar Michael first arrived in Mongolia from his native California in 1997 to edit the Mongol Messenger newspaper. Three years at the state news agency gave him enough fodder for his first book, Dateline Mongolia. A second book soon followed, Lama of the Gobi, a biography of the poet-monk Danzan Ravjaa. Michael has since written about Mongolia for the Associated Press, the New York Times and other news outlets. Lonely Planet

has dispatched him across Mongolia and into neighbouring countries to research Siberia, the Silk Route and Central Asia. He lives in Ulaanbaatar. Michael also wrote the Plan Your Trip, Understand Mongolia and Survival Guide sections.

Anna KaminskiNorthern Mongolia, Eastern Mongolia Having travelled widely in Mongolia and parts of Central and Northern Asia in past years for both research and pleasure, Anna was particularly pleased to sate her love of wide-open spaces by heading to parts of the country she hadn’t previously explored. This trip involved days in the saddle, in jeeps and long-distance minivans, pursuing the trail of Chinggis Khaan – a possible ancestor of hers. Major research highlights included getting

to know the Tsaatan reindeer herders, as she has a particular interest in other reindeer-herding cultures – Sámi, Even, Evenk – and attending more than one naadam. In her spare time, she con-tributes to BBC Travel and other online publications, and roams as widely as possible; catch up with her adventures at http://cheeseofvictory.wordpress.com.

Daniel McCrohanCentral Mongolia, The Gobi, Western Mongolia Daniel’s first adventure in Mongolia was the result of a harebrained idea of his to cycle solo across the Gobi Desert. On a road bike. Unsurprisingly, he walked most of it. But he survived, so we sent him back to the Gobi, this time with a jeep. Originally from the UK, these days Daniel lives in Beijing and has become a bit of an expert on the Trans-Mongolian, thanks to multiple train trips between China and Mongolia. This is Daniel’s 19th

Lonely Planet book. He is also the creator of the smartphone app Beijing on a Budget. You can get hold of him on Twitter (@danielmccrohan) or through his website (www.danielmccrohan.com).

Contributing Authors Dulmaa Enkhchuluun Dulmaa graduated from Augsburg College in Minnesota and now works to pro-mote culturally and environmentally responsible tourism and commercial development in Mongolia.Jack Weatherford Anthropologist Jack Weatherford wrote Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, for which he received the Order of the Polar Star, Mongolia’s highest state honour.

OUR STORYA beat-up old car, a few dollars in the pocket and a sense of adventure. In 1972 that’s all Tony and Maureen Wheeler needed for the trip of a lifetime – across Europe and Asia overland to Australia. It took several months, and at the end – broke but inspired – they sat at their kitchen table writing and stapling together their first travel guide, Across Asia on the Cheap. Within a week they’d sold 1500 copies. Lonely Planet was born.

Today, Lonely Planet has offices in Melbourne, London and Oakland, with more than 600 staff and writers. We share Tony’s belief that ‘a great guidebook should do three things: inform, educate and amuse’.

OUR WRITERS

Although the authors and Lonely Planet have taken all reason-able care in preparing this book, we make no warranty about the accuracy or completeness of its content and, to the maxi-mum extent permitted, disclaim all liability arising from its use.

Published by Lonely Planet Publications Pty LtdABN 36 005 607 9837th edition – July 2014ISBN 978 1 74220 299 0© Lonely Planet 2014 Photographs © as indicated 201410 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Printed in ChinaAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, except brief extracts for the purpose of review, and no part of this publication may be sold or hired, without the written permission of the publisher. Lonely Planet and the Lonely Planet logo are trademarks of Lonely Planet and are registered in the US Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. Lonely Planet does not allow its name or logo to be appropriated by commercial establishments, such as retailers, restaurants or hotels. Please let us know of any misuses: lonelyplanet.com/ip.

Read more about Daniel at: lonelyplanet.com/members/danielmccrohan

©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd

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©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd

© Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd. To make it easier for you to use, access to this chapter is not digitally restricted. In return, we think it’s fair to ask you to use it for personal, non-commercial purposes only. In other words, please don’t upload this chapter to a peer-to-peer site, mass email it to everyone you know, or resell it. See the terms and conditions on our site for a longer way of saying the above - ‘Do the right thing with our content.’