Top Banner
Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho
26

Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Dec 21, 2015

Download

Documents

Polly Jones
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon

Franklyn Nkongho

Page 2: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

• Background• Design• Results• Concluding remarks

Outline

Page 3: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Background

• WT funded project on the epidemiology of bTB in Cameroon– Describe the basic epidemiology– Estimate the performance of available

diagnostic tests– Estimate the prevalence of bTB– Identify the strains circulating– Explore co-infection with liver fluke,

paraTB, BVD– Estimate human zoonotic TB risk and

strains

Page 4: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Mycobacterium bovis

• Poorly reported in Africa• Potential zoonotic PH problem

– Infected raw milk or meat– Risk to herdsmen/slaughtermen

• High TB burden linked to HIV– Zoonotic component poorly understood

• Potential for cattle production loss• Control based on meat inspection

Page 5: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Design

• Three study components– Convenience sample of 4 abattoirs

(Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua, Maroua)

– Population based cross sectional study in 2 areas

– Human DTC based study in NW Region

• Focus of talk is on the abattoir study

M

G

NB

Nig

eria

Chad C

AR

Page 6: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Sampling Design

Page 7: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Collection of blood sample for serological tests

Page 8: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.
Page 9: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.
Page 10: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Bamenda TB Lab

Page 11: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Automated MGIT BACTEC 960

SYSTEM

Sample Processing

GRINDING PASTE MADE

LJ GlycerolLJ Pyruvate

Hain MTBC/CM/AS kits

Spoligotyping/MIRU-VNTR (Genoscreen)

WGS (ArkGenomics)

Page 12: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Buea Lab

Page 13: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Results abattoirBamenda Ngaoundere Garoua Maroua

No. sampled 1129 935 160 122

No. with TB like lesions

45 106 38 18

Prev lesions 4.0% 11.3% 23.8% 14.8%

% lesions with M bovis

68.9% 67.9% 89.5% 88.8%

Prev M bovis 2.7% 7.7% 21.3% 13.1%

Prev bovigam

5.6% 6.8% - -

Page 14: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Results abattoir – proxy age

Page 15: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Abattoir lesions and M bovis

Lesion M bovis

pos neg

pos 150 51 201

neg 2 177 179

152 228 380

Bovigam M bovis

pos neg

pos 43 15 58

neg 55 200 255

98 215 313

NB. 380 animals had LN culture results

NB. 67 had no bovigam results (mainly Garoua + Maroua)

All observed

Random sample

Page 16: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Abattoir results – other Mycobacteria

Abattoir BAMENDA NGAOUNDERE GAROUA MAROUA

M tuberculosis 1 0 0 0

M gordonae 2 0 0 0

M phlei 9 1 0 0

M fortuitum 2 1 1 0

M mucogenicum 0 1 0 0

M scrofulaecum 1 0 1 0

M species 7 4 1 1

Only 2 animals recorded mixed infections of M bovis and M fortuitum and an untyped Mycobacterium species

Page 17: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Results where were zoonotic cases

3 human cases or ~2% of human TB is zoonotic in the NW Region

Page 18: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

M. bovis sub species

Bam

enda

sa

mpl

es

M. tuberculosis

M. africanum

Bamenda

samples

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Species and Lineages

M. canetti

Page 19: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Spoligotyping

SB1026

SB0944

SB0953

Page 20: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Spoligotyping

SB1026

SB0944

SB0953

Page 21: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Spoligotyping

SB1026

SB0944

SB0953

SB0944

SB0944

SB0953SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

SB0953SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

SB0953 SB0953

SB0953SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

SB0953

Nigeria

Page 22: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Spoligotyping

SB1026

SB0944

SB0953

BoyoBui

MenchumMezam

MomoDonga Mantung

Page 23: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Molecular work ongoing

• Data analysis still on going• Majority of spoligotype and MIRU-VNTR data still

to come• WGS underway

Page 24: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Concluding remarks• Relatively high prevalence of bTB• Range of other Mycobacteria in cattle

– M tb and several NTMs

• 3 human M bovis cases (yet to be typed)– Represents potential significant human burden

• Complex epidemiological situation with transmission in both directions

• Currently 3 spoligotypes in NWR– More diversity by MIRU-VNTR – Appear to be widely dispersed

• Reinforce meat inspection and condemnation of infected carcasses

• Public sensitization particularly around milk consumption• BUT DATA ANALYSIS STILL ON GOING

Page 25: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Questions?

Page 26: Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Cameroon Franklyn Nkongho.

Partners• UoEdinburgh, UK

– Mark Bronsvoort (PI)– Rob Kelly (RA/PhD)– Ian Handel– Adrian Muwonge

• IRAD, Cameroon– Vincent Tanya (CoPI)

• UoBuea, Cameroon– Lucy Ndip (CoPI)– Franklyn Nkongho (PhD)

• Swiss TPH– Jakob Zinstaag (CoPI)

• LRVZ de Farcha, Chad– Richard Ngondolo

• GIZ/TBRL, Cameroon– Melissa Sander

• UoGlasgow, UK– Roman Biek

• UoLiverpool, UK– Kenton Morgan– Diana Williams

• MINEPIA, Cameroon– Walters Andu

• UoNgoundere, Cameroon- Dr Victor Ngwa

- Jean Marc Babningom