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RichardE.Eitel
TeachingAssociateProfessor
Email:[email protected]
Office:Burchard307B
DepartmentofChemical
EngineeringandMaterials
Science
StevensInstitute
of
Technology
E344:MaterialsProcessing
IntroductiontoMaterialsScience
andEngineering
2
Introductions
Coursestructure&learning
approachandobjectives.
Thisclassperiodwillservesasanintroductiontothecourse
andMaterials
Science
&
Engineering
discipline.
Exploringstructure
propertyrelationships.
vs
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BorninClevelandOhio:
HOMEoftheBROWNSandtheRockandRollHallofFame!
Undergrad:AlfredUniversity(19941998)
B.S.in
Ceramic
Engineering
SouthernTierofNewYorkState
HomeoftheSaxons
X
Nowhere
Alfred
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PennState:19992006
MaterialsResearchInstitute
MaterialsResearchLaboratoryFoundedin1956:
1stInterdisciplinaryResearchLabinMaterialsScience
Ph.D.inMaterialsScienceand
Engineering:
Thesis:
NovelPiezoelectricCeramics:DevelopmentofHigh,Temperature,HighPerformance
Materials
on
the
BasisofToleranceFactor
UniversityofKentucky(20062013)
Teaching: DepartmentofChemicaland
MaterialsEngineering IntroductiontoMaterials CeramicEngineering MaterialsCharacterization ThreedifferentlabcoursesResearch:
PiezoelectricMaterialsMicrofluidics
MaterialsSynthesis Sensing
Biofluidics
CellBasedSensors
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Pastimes:AsinthingsusedtodobeforeIstartedteaching!
2015NYC
Marathon?
Yearsofeducationalresearchshowsthattheaverageanindividuals
averageattentionspaninapassivelectureisabout15minutes.
Learning howeverrequiresnotjustattentionbutactivethought!
After15minuteofLecture LearninginanActiveClassroom
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TeambasedGuidedInquiry
9
1. Breakinto
groups
of
3or
4.
2. Rearrangeseatsotheyoucantalk
comfortably.
3. Onestudentineachgrouplogonto:
m.socrative.com
4. Room#129851
GuidedInquiryI:Heat(10minutes)
UseFigure1.1.1toanswerthefollowingquestions(workasagroup
makesureeveryoneagreesbeforemovingtothenextquestion):
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ConceptCheckI:
Ahotpieceofcopperisplacedincontactwithacoldbrick?
Ifthecopperloses5caloriesofenergy,howmuchenergy
doesthe
brick
gain?
Guided Inquiry II:
Heat and Work (10 Minutes)
Heat
Transfer of energywhen there is adifference intemperature.
Work Transfer of energywhen there is nodifference intemperature.
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ConceptCheck:
AccordingtotheFirstLawofthermodynamics,couldheatbetransferredfromacoldobjecttoahotobject,resultinginthehotobjectgettinghotterandthecoldobjectgettingcolder'?
14
GuidedInquiryIII:ActiveLearning
(10minutes)
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RichardE.Eitel
AssociateProfessor
Email:[email protected]
Office:Burchard307B
DepartmentofChemical
EngineeringandMaterials
Science
StevensInstitute
of
Technology
E344:MaterialsProcessing
01 IntroductiontoMaterialsScience
andEngineering
Bytheendofthislectureyoushouldbeableto:
Theoverallobjectistointroducethefieldofmaterials
science
and
engineering.
Appreciatetheinterdependence
ofstructure,processing,
properties,andperformancefor
materialsdesignandselection.
Classifymaterialonthebasisof
structureandbonding.
Beabletopredictbondingand
materialpropertiesbasedonthe
atomicstructure.
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Thegoalofmaterialsscienceandengineeringistodescribethe
structure,processing,andpropertiesrelationshipwhichdictatethe
performanceofamaterialforaspecificengineeringapplication.
Acompletestructuraldescriptionofanengineeringmaterial
may
span
length
scales
from
the
nano to
the
macro.AtomicStructure:
10 m
BondingandCrystalStructure:
10 10 m
Macrostructure:
10
Microstructure:
10 10 m
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Materialspropertiesarecharacteristicswhichareintrinsic
tothematerialandformthebasisformaterialsselection.
PERFOMANCEREQUIREMENT:
Supporta6000poundtruck TensileStrengthofHardenedSteel:250,000PSI
Materialspropertiesareinputsinordertodesignacomponentto
achievesuitableperformanceinagivenapplication.
HighTensionWire:
PerformanceSpec:90%lighttransmission
MaterialProperty:
TotalHipReplacement:
PerformanceSpec:20yearlife
MaterialProperty:
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Processingincludestheentirehistoryofamaterialrequired
toforminintoacomponentwiththerequiredperformance.
ProcessingimpactBOTHtheSTUCUTREandthePROPERTIES
Theperformanceofamaterialinagivenapplicationisa
consequenceofcarefulmaterialsselectionandengineeringofthe
materialinto
acomponent.
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Materialsclassificationmaydependonwhetherwearetryingto
developunderstandingofselectamaterialsforagivenapplication.
StructuralClassification ApplicationsBasedClassification
Structural
Classification
Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
Metals
Thetraditionalclassificationofmaterialintoceramics,polymers,
metals,andcompositionisprimarilyonthebasisofatomicbonding
andstructure. Ceramics:
Inorganic,nonmetallicsolids
composedofasleastone
metallicandonenon
metallicatom.
Polymers:Macromoleculesformedby
covalentbondingofsimpler
molecularrepeatunits.
Metals:
Pureandalloyedatomic
speciesheldtogetherby
metallicbonding.
Composites:
Twoormoreoftheabovecombined
toproduceanewmaterialwith
uniquepropertiesorcombinations.
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Metals
Consistofpureandalloyedatomsheldtogetherbydelocalizedelectronsthatovercomethemutualrepulsionbetweentheioncores(MetallicBonding)Excellentstructuralmaterials:
high strength, toughness
(resistance to impact)
Electrical,thermalconductors
Atomsarrangedinregularlydefined,
repeatingpositionsthroughoutstructure
Steel:An alloy of iron, containing various amounts of carbon,manganese, and one or more other elements, such as sulfur,
nickel, silicon, phosphorus, chromium, molybdenum, andvanadium. These elements, when combined with iron, formdifferent types of steels with varying properties.
Metals?
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CeramicsandInorganicGlassesInorganic,nonmetallicsolids,composedofacombinationofoneormoremetallic
andoneormorenonmetallicatoms:
Al2O3 (alumina);
SiO2 (quartz, glass)
Mixedatomicbonding(ionicandcovalent)
Highstrength(compression),butbrittle
Excellent(electrical)insulators
Highthermalresistance;resistancetochemicalattack
High-end application: ceramic
tiles for use as heat shield inaerospace vehicles (> 1600C)
Ceramics?
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PolymersMacromoleculesformedbycovalentbondingofsimplermolecularrepeatunits(mers)Easilyprocessedtoawiderangeofshapes,dimensions
Moderatestrength;goodductility. Lightweight.
Usuallynotsuitableforhightemperatureapplications
(>100to200C)
polyethylene
polypropylene polystyrene PVC
Polymers?
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CompositesTwoormorematerialscombinedtoproduceanewmaterialwith
desiredproperties(newpropertiesareaveragedvaluesof
components)
Lowtechexamples:
plywood(panelcomprised
ofmultiplelayersofwood
veneer,plusadhesive;grain
laidat90angles)
concrete(cement[binder]
plussandandgravel)
steelbeltedtires(steel
belts,polyestercord,
rubber)
Hightechexamples:
carbonfiber
epoxy
composites
ceramicfibermetalmatrix
composites(SiC fibersinAl)
Innovation:
Boeings new 787 DREAMLINER is bepredominantly carbon fiber epoxylaminate, yielding a savings of ~20% infuel costs owing to weight reduction.
Alternativelymaterialsmaybeclassifiedandselectedbasedon
theirfunctionorsuitabilitytoaparticularengineeringneed.
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RichardE.Eitel
AssociateProfessor
Email:[email protected]
Office:Burchard307B
DepartmentofChemical
EngineeringandMaterials
Science
StevensInstitute
of
Technology
E344:MaterialsProcessing
02 GuidedInquiryAtomicBonding
Bytheendofthislectureyoushouldbeableto:
Theoverallobjectiveofthesesessionistodescribehow
atomic
structure
leads
to
bonding
in
materials.
DefineElectronegativity
Predictthedistributionof
electronsinabond.
Predictthetypesofbonds
formedindifferentatomsand
theirproperties
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