TT 4113 Cellular Communication Systems Modul 11 GSM & GPRS Standard Faculty of Electrical and Communication Institut Teknologi Telkom Bandung – 2010 1
Sep 05, 2014
TT 4113Cellular Communication Systems
Modul 11 GSM & GPRS Standard
Faculty of Electrical and CommunicationInstitut Teknologi Telkom
Bandung – 20101
Development of GSM Standard2
History of GSM1st & 2nd Generations
3
2nd Generation Standards4
GSM Derivatives5
Spectrum for major mobile standards6
GSM Phases7
GSM Phase 2+ Features8
GSM Coverage worldwide9
GSM Variants
U = UplinkD = Downlink
10
GSM900 at 900 MHz– 125 carriers @ 2x25 MHz band
GSM1800 at 1800 MHz (DCS1800)– 375 carriers @ 2x75 MHz band
GSM1900 at 1900 MHz (PCS1900)– 300 carriers @ 2x60 MHz band
U = UplinkD = Downlink
GSM Frequency Band11
GSM System Specification12
Technical SpecificationIS - 136 IS - 136* IS - 95 GSM IDEN
Base Tx(MHz)
869 - 894 851 - 866 869 - 894 925 - 960 851 - 866
Base Rx(MHz)
824 - 849 801 - 821 869 - 894 880 - 915 8806 - 821
MultipleAccess
Methode
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA CDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA
Modulation Pi/4DPSK Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 16QAMRadio
ChannelSpacing
30 kHz 30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 25 kHz
Users/Channel 3 3 64 8 3/6NumberChannel
832 600 9 (A)10 (B)
124 600
CODEC ACELP/VCELP
ACELP CELP RELP-LTP/ACELP
-
SpectrumAllocation
50 MHz 30 MHz 50 MHz 50 MHz 30 MHz
13
IS - 136 IS - 136* IS - 95 GSM IDENBase Tx(MHz)
869 - 894 851 - 866 869 - 894 925 - 960 851 - 866
Base Rx(MHz)
824 - 849 801 - 821 869 - 894 880 - 915 8806 - 821
MultipleAccess
Methode
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA CDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA
Modulation Pi/4DPSK Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 16QAMRadio
ChannelSpacing
30 kHz 30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 25 kHz
Users/Channel 3 3 64 8 3/6NumberChannel
832 600 9 (A)10 (B)
124 600
CODEC ACELP/VCELP
ACELP CELP RELP-LTP/ACELP
-
SpectrumAllocation
50 MHz 30 MHz 50 MHz 50 MHz 30 MHz
Technical Specification
IS - 136 IS -95 DCS1800( GSM )
DCS1900( GSM )
IS-661
Base Tx(MHz)
1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990 1805 -1880 1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990
Base Rx(MHz)
1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910 1710 - 1785 1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910
MultipleAceess
Methode
TDMA /FDMA
CDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDD
Modulation Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 0,3 GMSK QPSKRadio
ChannelSpacing
30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz 5 MHz
Users/Channel 3 64 8 8 64NumberChannels
166/332/498 4 - 12 325 25/50/75 2 - 6
CODEC ACELP /VCELP
CELP RELP-LTP/ACELP
RELP-LTP/ACELP
CELP
SpectrumAllocation
10/20/30 MHz
10/20/30 MHz
150 MHz 10/20/30 MHz
10/20/30 MHz
14
IS - 136 IS -95 DCS1800( GSM )
DCS1900( GSM )
IS-661
Base Tx(MHz)
1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990 1805 -1880 1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990
Base Rx(MHz)
1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910 1710 - 1785 1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910
MultipleAceess
Methode
TDMA /FDMA
CDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDMA /FDMA
TDD
Modulation Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 0,3 GMSK QPSKRadio
ChannelSpacing
30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz 5 MHz
Users/Channel 3 64 8 8 64NumberChannels
166/332/498 4 - 12 325 25/50/75 2 - 6
CODEC ACELP /VCELP
CELP RELP-LTP/ACELP
RELP-LTP/ACELP
CELP
SpectrumAllocation
10/20/30 MHz
10/20/30 MHz
150 MHz 10/20/30 MHz
10/20/30 MHz
15
Basic GSM Network Structure
SSSS
D T I
ISDN
PLMN
PSTN
ISDNISDN
PLMNPLMN
PSTN
SMSC
B G WH L R
E I R
GWMSCGMSC
AUC
16
AUC: Authentication CenterBGW: Billing GateWayBSC: Base Station ControllerBSS: Base Station SubsystemBTS: Base Transceiver StationDTI: Data Transmission InterworkingEIR: Equipment Identity RegisterGMSC: Gateway MSCHLR: Home Location RegisterISDN: Integrated Services Digital NetworkMS: Mobile StationMSC: Mobile services Switching CenterPLMN: Public Land Mobile NetworkPSTN: Public Switched Telephony NetworkSMSC: Short Message Service CenterSS: Switching SubsystemTRC: Transcoder Resources ControllerVLR: Visitor Location Register
D T I
BTSBTS
E I RMSC/VLRMSC/VLR
MS
Air I/f
BSC/TRCBSC/TRC
BSSBSS
Administers its Base Station Controller(s) BSC(s).
Call setup, routing & supervision for mobile subscribers.Contributes to the short messages transfer to/from mobile
subscribers.
Records charging and accounting data.Basic GSM Network Structure
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)17
Interface towards other networks for mobile terminated calls.
Interrogation of the HLR to retrieve location information of thecalled subscriber.
Basic GSM Network Structure
Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center (GMSC)
18
Temporarily stores subscriber profiles for all registered mobile subscribers who arecurrently visiting the MSC/VLR service area.
Basic GSM Network Structure
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Performs the security functions: authentication, IMEI check and TMSI allocation.
19
Basic subscriber categories.Supplementary services.Current location.Allowed/barred services.Authentication triplets.
Home Location Register (HLR)
Database storing for each mobile subscriber:
Communication with other network elements like GMSC, VLR andSMSC for mobile terminated calls, short messages.
20
AUthentication Center (AUC)
Database connected to the HLR that stores authentication parameters (triplets) andciphering keys for mobile subscribers.
21
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Database that validates Mobile Equipments usage. It contains White list for normalhandsets, Gray list for faulty or non-type approved handsets & Black list for stolenhandsets.
22
Manages the Radio Communication with the mobile stations over the air interface.
Controls the locating algorithm and handovers between the BTSs
Supervises the transport network resources and the operation & maintenance of eachBTS
Base Station Controller (BSC)23
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Consists of the radio transmitters, receivers and the antenna system required to providethe coverage area for one cell.Converts the GSM radio signals into a format that can be recognized by the BSC.Records and passes to the BSC the periodic power measurement reports.Performs the network end function for the ciphering/encryption process.
24
The Mobile Equipment is said to be a Mobile Station if the SubscriberIdentity Module ( SIM Card ) is added to it
+Basic GSM Network Structure
Mobile Station (MS) =25
The SIM Card contains:
A processor and memory.
that stores:- The international mobile subscriber Identity
IMSI- The Authentication and ciphering keys.
26
Mobile Equipment27
SIM28
SIM Card Function29
Radio Coverage
Spectrum Allocation (GSM 900)
200 KHz
Downlink 935 – 960 MHz
Uplink 890 – 915 MHz
30
GSM 900 Frequency Allocation
F (MHz)915890
Uplink1 2 3 4 121 122 123 124
F (MHz)
Downlink
960935
1 2 3 4 121 122 123 124
890.2
890.4
890.6
935.2
935.4
935.6
200 KHz
1
1
121
121
ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
200 KHz
Downlink 1805 – 1880 MHz
Uplink 1710 – 1785 MHz
Radio Coverage
Spectrum Allocation (GSM 1800)
31
GSM 1800 Frequency Allocation
F (MHz)17851710
Uplink1 2 3 4 371 372 373 374
F (MHz)
Downlink
18801805
1 2 3 4 371 372 373 374
1710.2
1710.4
1710.6
1805.2
1805.4
1805.6
200 KHz
GSM Network ArchitectureWhich related to the security system
32
• IMSI : International Mobile Subscriber Identity• TMSI : Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity• MSRN : Mobile Station Roaming Number• MSISDN : Mobile Station ISDN• LAI : Local Area Identity• Ki : authentication key• Kc : ciphering key• SRES : Signed Response• RAND : random number
Data Service in GSM33
GPRS
Efisien menggunakan radio resources A flexible service , with volume-based (or session
duration-based) billing Fast set-up /access time Efficient transport of packets in the GSM network Simultaneous GSM and GPRS ,co-existence
disturbance
34
Efisien menggunakan radio resources A flexible service , with volume-based (or session
duration-based) billing Fast set-up /access time Efficient transport of packets in the GSM network Simultaneous GSM and GPRS ,co-existence
disturbance
GPRS Componen
SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node )
GGSN ( Gateway GPRS Support Node )
35
SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node )
GGSN ( Gateway GPRS Support Node )
GSM vs GPRS36
37
Basic GPRS Network Structur
MS
BTSPDN
BTS
EIR&AUC HLRVLR
SGSN GGSNBSC
Gb Gn Gi
Gc
D
Gf
Gs
Gr
MSC DATABASE
SGSN Serving GPRS Suport NodeGGSN GatewayGPRS Support NodePDN Public Data Network
User Data and SignallingSignalling
PCU
GR
RAN NETWORK CORE NETWORK
38
MS
BTSPDN
BTS
EIR&AUC HLRVLR
SGSN GGSNBSC
Gb Gn Gi
Gc
D
Gf
Gs
Gr
MSC DATABASE
SGSN Serving GPRS Suport NodeGGSN GatewayGPRS Support NodePDN Public Data Network
User Data and SignallingSignalling
PCU
GR
RAN NETWORK CORE NETWORK
PCU39
GPRS Attach & Detach
Exchange of information
MS Switch On
MS Attach to Network
MS Network
40
e.g. MS ID, User profile, QoS, etc.MS Network
Network (i.e. SGSN)Check MS ID, Author. & AuC, Assign P-TMSI, etc.
MS on Service
Finish
GPRS Attach & Detach
Type of attach:– Attach after switch on– Re-attach in the same SGSN– Re-attach in a new SGSN– Attach when SGSN has deleted the context
Content of GPRS attach:– Active service request– Check of MS ID– Check of subscriber ID– Copies of user profile from HLR– Assign of P-TMSI
41
Type of attach:– Attach after switch on– Re-attach in the same SGSN– Re-attach in a new SGSN– Attach when SGSN has deleted the context
Content of GPRS attach:– Active service request– Check of MS ID– Check of subscriber ID– Copies of user profile from HLR– Assign of P-TMSI
42
GPRS Attach43
GPRS Attach ProcedureMS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR New
MSC/VLRHLR Old
MSC/VLR1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request
2. Identification Response3. Identify Request
3. Identify Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI Check
6a. Update Location
6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location Ack
44
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
6f. Update Location Ack
7a. Location Updating Ack7b. Update Location
7c. Cancel Location
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7g. Update Location Ack7h. Location Updating Accept
8. Attach Accept
9. Attach Complete10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
GPRS Routing Area Update45
Notion PDP Context46
PDP Context Activation47
Data Transfer48
Routing example: Incoming packet
SGSNGGSN
Address conversion: IP-Dest TID + SGSN(from PDP context)
IP packet
Internet?
49
SGSNGGSN
SGSN
GTP (GGSN IP address, Tunneling ID, IP packet)
Address conversioan: TID TLLI, NSAPI, QoS, and cell(from PDP context)
SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol)(Temp Logical Link Id, NSAPI, IP packet))
?
IP packet
MSLA1
LA2
Routing example: Outgoing packet
SGSNGGSN
SGSN
IP packet(Dest. 129.187.222.10, Source: 129.74.216.6)
Internet
GTP (GGSN IP Address, Tunneling ID, IP packet)?
50
SGSNAddress conversion: TLLI + NSAPI TID + GGSN(from PDP context)
SNDCP (TLLI, NSAPI, IP packet)
IP packet(Dest: 129.74.216.6.Source: 129.187.222.10
MS
?
Address conversion: IP-source TLLI, NSAPI
(from PDP context)
GGSN
GPRS Channel51
52
Timeslot sharing53
52 Multiframe for GPRS54
GPRS Mobile Equipment55
Coding Scheme for GPRS
Skema coding untuk kanal-kanal trafik logik GPRS
56
EDGE57
EDGE Network58
Dimensioning principle : Transmission59
Access of Mobile Applications through WLAN60
MSC HLR/AuCEIR
BSCBTS
PSTNNetwork
SS7Network
UmGSMINFRASTRUCTURE
Serving GPRSSupport Node(SGSN)
PCU
Node-B
RNC
IuIWU
Um
UMTS (WCDMA)INFRASTRUCTURE
Edge
Edge TRXAbis
HSDPA
HSDPA TRX
Evolution step GSM / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA61
BorderGateway (BG)
Serving GPRSSupport Node(SGSN)
Gateway GPRSSupport Node(GGSN)
Lawful InterceptionGateway (LIG)
Inter-PLMNnetwork
GPRSbackbonenetwork
(IP based)Internet
GPRSINFRASTRUCTURE
UMTS (WCDMA)INFRASTRUCTURE
62
63
64
65