Modern English Grammar - Grivas Publications CY | Home...Modern English Grammar C.N. Grivas Upper Intermediate No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a practical way forupper-intermediate students to consolidate and expand theirknowledge of English Grammar.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR includes:

●● coverage of all grammar areas necessary forstudents to speak and write English well.

●● concise and helpful explanations in Greek.

●● a variety of exercises providing thoroughpractice in all grammatical and structural pointspresented in the theory.

●● revision units providing reinforcement of allgrammatical points.

●● recycling of all grammar phenomena to consolidate students’ learning.

●● exercises similar to those which students willencounter in the Cambridge FCE examination.

●● verbs / adjectives / nouns with prepositions,phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases, presentedin alphabetical order, along with confusablewords and collocations.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a comprehensive anduser-friendly book, covering all aspects of English grammar.It can be used as a supplement to all coursebooks aimed atupper-intermediate level and above.

ISBN 13: 978-960-409-158-4

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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise, without the prior permission of GRIVASPUBLICATIONS.

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We would like to thank Effie Fragouli, Marianna Preveziotis and Fiona Longden for their invaluable contribution to thewriting of this book.

© GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS 2003∞ll rights reserved

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d Fiona Longdend Fiona Longde

CONTENTSUNIT 1 : 1 Simple present 2 Present progressive 3 Simple past 4 Past progressive . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 2 : 1 Simple present perfect 2 Present perfect progressive 3 Simple past perfect4 Past perfect progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 3 : 1 Simple future - Future forms 2 Future progressive 3 Simple future perfect 4 Future perfect progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 4 : The indefinite article: a / an 2 The definite article: the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 5 : 1 Plurals 2 Countable / Uncountable nouns 3 Singular or plural verb?4 Collective nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 1 : [Units 1-5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 6 : 1 Some, Any 2 No, No one, None 3 Many, Much, (A) few, (A) little, Plenty of, A great deal of, A lot of / Lots of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 7 : 1 Adjectives 2 Comparison 3 Very, Too, Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 8 : Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 9 : 1 Imperative 2 Question tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 10 : 1 So do I - Neither / Nor do I 2 Either, Neither, None, Not one 3 Both, All, Whole . . . . . .

REVISION 2 : [Units 1-10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 11 : The infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 12 : 1 The gerund 2 Infinitive or gerund? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 13 : Modal / Auxiliary Verbs (I) 1 can, could, be able to 2 may, might 3 must, have to . .

UNIT 14 : Modal / Auxiliary Verbs (II) 1 will, would 2 shall 3 should, ought to 4 need . . . . . . .

UNIT 15 : Conditionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 3 : [Units 1-15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 16 : 1 Unreal past 2 Would rather, Had better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 17 : 1 Conjunctions 2 Exclamatory structures 3 Emphatic structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 18 : The ‘causative’ use of have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 19 : The passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 20 : Direct and Reported speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 4 : [Units 1-20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 21 : 1 Relative clauses 2 Clauses of contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 22 : 1 Causes of result 2 Clauses of reason 3 Clauses of time 4 Clauses of purpose 5 Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 23 : 1 Two objects 2 It 3 Participles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REVISION 5 : [Units 1-23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prepositional phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

9

13

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22

27

31

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66

70

74

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82

87

92

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101

106

110

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120

125

131

134

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LE . . . . . . or gerund? or ge . .s (II) ) 1 can, could, 1 can, coul

erbs (er II) 1 will, w1 will, w

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

past 2 Would rpast 2 W

njunctions 2 Excnjunctions 2 Exc

he ‘causative’ uscausative’ us

: The passive voThe passive

: Direct and : Direct and

ION 4ON 4 : [Units : [Units

: 1 R1 R

:

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S. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

) little, Plenty of, le, Plenty of, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ither, None, Not onither, None, No

. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

. . .. .

2 Present progressive

4

1 Simple present 3 Simple past2 Present progressive 4 Past progressive

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·˘Ù‹Ó

ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ‹ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô.I’m studying Italian this year.

2 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘Â·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ·ÏÏ¿ fï˜ ÁÈ·¤Ó· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿.

He’s getting up at six o’clock every day this week.

3 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ̤ÏÏÔÓ.

We’re leaving tomorrow morning.I’m having dinner with Jane on Saturday.They’re getting married next week.

4 ÁÈ· Ì›· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÙ·È ‹ ·ÏÏ¿˙ÂÈÛÙ·‰È·Î¿.

Her cooking is getting better.

5 Ì ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ always, continually, constantly (= Û˘Ó¯Ҙ) Î·È forever ÁÈ· Ó· ‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ì ÂÓfi¯ÏËÛË /ÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfi ‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔÓ›ÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë Ú¿ÍË Á›ÓÂÙ·È¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿.

He’s constantly complaining.They’re so kind; they’re always helping the poor.

■■ T· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÚΛ·˜: believe, know, see, like, love,prefer, hear, think (= ÓÔÌ›˙ˆ), have [= (ηÙ)¤¯ˆ], want,hope, wish, taste, smell ÎÏ. ŸÙ·Ó Ù· Ú‹Ì·Ù· see, think Î·È have ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÚΛ·˜, ÙfiÙ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ¤ÓÓÔÈ·:

1 I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow. ( = ÂÈÛΤÙÔÌ·È)2 Aren’t you seeing her tonight? (= Û˘Ó·ÓÙÒ)3 What are you thinking about? (= ÛΤÙÔÌ·È)4 She’s having lunch right now. (= ÙÚÒˆ)5 He’s having a bath at the moment. (= οӈ)

1 Simple present

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ¿ÓÙ·, Û˘¯Ó¿, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜

ÎÏ. (‰ËÏ. fi¯È ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿). I always / usually get up at seven.Does he work in a bank?

2 ÁÈ· Ì›· ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ú¿ÍË, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ‰ÚÔÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ,ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ù·Íȉ›ˆÓ, Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ ÎÏ.

Our plane leaves at nine tomorrow morning. The Olympic Games start next Monday.

3 Û ·Ó·ÌÂÙ·‰fiÛÂȘ ·ÁÒÓˆÓ (Ô‰ÔÛÊ·›ÚÔ˘, Ì¿ÛÎÂÙÎÏ.).

Williams takes the ball, crosses to Perry whoshoots it straight into the net.

4 Û ÂÈʈÓËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·Ú¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÙȘϤÍÂȘ Here ‹ There Î·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ù·Ú‹Ì·Ù· come ‹ go.

Here comes John! [‹: Here he comes!]There goes our bus! [‹: There it goes!]

5 Û ÂÈÎÂÊ·Ï›‰Â˜ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ·.

1

3 ÁÈ· Ú¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ Ë Ì›· ÌÂÙ¿ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË.

He brushed his teeth, put on his pyjamas and went to bed.

4 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ ·fi οÔÈÔÓÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ˙ÂÈ Ï¤ÔÓ.

Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.[OXI: Shakespeare has written ...]

3 Simple past

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ. (TÔ fiÙÂ

¤ÁÈÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ‹ ÂÓÓÔ›ٷÈ.)They went to a nightclub last night.They danced all night long.

2 Ì ¯ÚÔÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ fiˆ˜:how long ago, a week / month / a year ago ÎÏ.

How long ago did you buy your car?We moved here a year ago.

TERRORISTS STRIKE AGAIN

PRINCE MARRIES MODEL

She’s sleeping now.

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LE

PLE

very day this week.very day this week.his week

ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›Û Ó· ÔÓ.

row morning.row morning.with Jane on Saturith Jane on Satu

g g married next weemarried next wee

ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ Ë Ô˘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛ

cooking is getting bcooking is gettin

ast SS

e’s sl ow.

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P ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ  ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ Ì alwalÛ˘Ó¯Ҙ)Û˘ÓÂ= Û Î¢ÚÈÛÌfi¢ÚÈÛ

go

ÚfiÛÊ·Ù·ÚfiÛÊ

PA

STRIK AG

CE MARRIES MO

5

5 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ·ӷϷ̂·ÓfiÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ.(¢Â›¯ÓÂÈ Û˘Ó‹ıÂÈ·.)

I worked very hard when I was young. When we were on holiday, we got up late

and went to the beach.

¶ÚfiÛÂÍÂ: be used to + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= Â›Ì·È Û˘ÓËıÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜Ó·, ¤¯ˆ Û˘ÓËı›ÛÂÈ Ó·)

I’m used to getting up early.get used to + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= ·Ú¯›˙ˆ Ó· Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ, Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ ÛÈÁ¿-ÛÈÁ¿)

It is hard to get used to living in a differentcountry.

∂›Û˘: be in the habit of + Ú‹Ì· -ing (= Û˘ÓËı›˙ˆ)‘I’m not in the habit of lending people my car,’

he said.

4 Past progressiveXÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:1 ÁÈ· Ì›· Ú¿ÍË Ô˘ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó (ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ¿) Û οÔÈ·

ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ. I was sleeping when John

arrived.I was sleeping while Bob

was working.I was sleeping at eleven o’clock last night.

2 Ì ÙȘ ϤÍÂȘ always, continually, constantly ÁÈ· Ó·‰Â›ÍÔ˘Ì ÂÓfi¯ÏËÛË / ÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfi ‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔÓ›ÛÔ˘ÌÂfiÙÈ Ë Ú¿ÍË ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿.

Her parents were continually arguing when she was young.

She was always helping people in need.(KÔÈÌfiÌÔ˘Ó ...)}

Mary was watching TV while hermum and dad were reading.

■■ ™˘Ó‹ıÂÈ· ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÌÂ:used to, would ‹ was / were in the habit of.

We used to / would go out every Friday.Did you use to play golf every Saturday?He was in the habit of falling asleep with the TV on.

Exercises 1 Fill in the simple present or the present progressive.

1 Davis __________ the ball, __________ and__________ the first goal. (steal, shoot, score)

2 She __________ very early this month because of the new project at work. (wake up)

3 ‘Why are you so annoyed with her?’‘Because she _____ always __________ me!’(interrupt)

4 ‘Your German __________ , John,’ said theteacher. (improve)

5 Here __________ the bride! (come)

6 Can you call back later? I _________ a showerright now. (have)

7 ‘British ship _________ off the coast of Sardinia,’the headline read. (sink)

8 _____ you _______ he’s clever? (think)

9 I can’t come with you this evening. I __________an old friend of mine. (see)

10 What _____ you _______ tomorrow afternoon?(do)

11 I __________ the answer to that. (not know)

12 Frank __________ a letter at the moment. (write)

2 Fill in the simple present or the present progressive.

Dear Alison,How are you? I [1] ___________(hope) that you [2] ___________(feel) better. How long [3] _____ you_________ (stay) in hospital? Our exams [4] _____________ (start)on the 15th, so at the moment we[5] ___________ (study) and we [6] ___________(not have) time to do the things we usually [7] ___________ (enjoy). However, next week I[8] ___________ (have) dinner with Marion as she[9] ___________ (visit) her aunt who lives near us. Mum and Dad send you their love and want you toknow that they [10] ___________ (think) about you.

Love,Stephanie

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LE Eent progressiveent progressive..__________ and__________ and

l. l. (steal, shoot, score(steal, shoot, scor

y early this month by early this mat work. ork. (wake up)(wake u

o annoyed with hero annoyed with herhe _____ always _____ always

t)

r German ________an _______acher. acher. (improve)(improv

Here __________ere _________

n you call bou call bow.

GES

AGntinually, constantlntinually, constan

ÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛÌfiÂÎÓ¢ÚÈÛ ‹ ÁÈ· Ó·‹ ÁÈ· Ó··Ó ¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿¿Ú· Ôχ Û˘¯

nts werents were continually continuallywas young.was young.asas aysalways helpel

S

4 Fill in the simple past or the past progressive.

6

3 TRANSFORMATIONa Look at the examples.

1 He rarely visits his uncle.visit He _________________ his uncle often.

2 She has got a job at a small hotel this summer.is She ______________ at a small hotel this

summer.

3 She hasn’t finished writing his biography.still She _______________ biography.

4 They are considering going to Cyprus this year.thinking They _________________ to Cyprus this

year.

5 Look! The boss is coming.Here Look! ______________ the boss!

6 Why do you argue with your sister all the time?always Why _________________ with your

sister?

1 Debbie hasn’t finishedmaking the salad yet.

still Debbie ________________ salad.

2 Quick! The train is coming.Here Quick! ___________

the train!

3 Why do you shout at yourlittle brother all the time?

always Why _________________ at your littlebrother?

4 Our neighbours are considering visiting Egypt thisyear.

thinking Our neighbours _________________Egypt this year.

5 Rob hardly ever goes out during the week.go Rob _________________ very often during

the week.

6 Sally and I have arranged to have lunch togethertomorrow.

having Sally and I _________________ togethertomorrow.

7 She doesn’t usually get up so early.rarely She _________________ so early.

8 I have an appointment with my dentist tomorrow.am I ______________ my dentist tomorrow.

doesn’t visit

is working

Here comes

are thinking of going

is still writing his

are you always arguing

b Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

GRANDMA: When I was abouttwenty, I [1] ___ ata baker’s.

CLARE: So you [2] ___ early every morning?GRANDMA: Yes, and I [3] ___ it, especially in the winter.

CLARE: Did you ever [4] ___ to it?GRANDMA: Not really.

CLARE: [5] ___ there when you [6] ___ Grandad?GRANDMA: Yes. I [7] ___ some bread out of the oven

one day when I [8] ___ someone come intothe shop. When I [9] ___ , I [10] ___ a handsome man smiling at me.He [11] ___ a smart suit that day. Yourgrandad [12] ___ buying himself newclothes.

5 Choose the correct answer.

1 a was used to working b used to work

2 a got up b were getting up

3 a was hating b hated

4 a get used b used

5 a Did you work b Were you working

6 a met b were meeting

7 a used to take b was taking

8 a was hearing b heard

9 a looked up b was looking up

10 a was seeing b saw

11 a was wearing b used to wear

12 a used to b was always

1 ‘Why ____ they _____ [miss] the party last night?’ ‘They ___________ [expect] an important phonecall.’

2 ‘How ____ you _____ [find] your way there?’ ‘I ___________ [ask] a policeman.’

3 Lauren ___________ [put on] her coat,

___________ [take] her bag and ___________

[leave] the house.

4 ‘Why ____ you ______ [make] so much noise in the kitchen earlier?’ ‘I ___________ [do] the dishes.’

5 ‘When ____ you ______ [learn] to ski?’ ‘I __________ [have] lessons last year in Austria.’

6 Picasso ___________ [paint] a lot of interesting paintings.

7 We __________ [open] this business five years ago.

8 I __________ [get up] very early when I was in Italy.

SAMP

LE

MP_______ at ______ at at yyy

considering visitingonsidering visitin

eighbours ________ghbours ______ypt this year.s year.

ardly ever goes out drdly ever goesRob Rob ________________the week.he week.

have have

CGRANDM

CG

PAGE

SRANDMARAN : When I wWhen

twena

oose the correct ansoose the correct an

hes.’es.’

__ [learn] [learn] to ski?’ to ski?’ lessons last year inlessons last year in

____ __ [paint] [paint] a lot of ot

_______ [open] pen] this busthis bu

_____ [get up] [get up very ver

7

6 Fill in the correct form of used to, be used to or getused to and the verb given.

1 I __________________ [get up] at five in themorning now that I work as a baker.

2 You will have to _______________ [drive] on the

left when you live in England.

3 ____ you __________ [read] a lot when you were

at school, Grandad?

4 John _______________ [not like] ice cream when

he was younger, but now he eats it every day.

5 When I was younger, I _______________ [go] to

France with my family every summer.

6 Harry _______________ [not study] in the library.

He prefers to study at home.

8 TRANSFORMATIONa Look at the examples.

1 She used to cook roast beef on Sundays.would She ________________ roast beef on

Sundays.

2 She started crying as soon as her mother left.until She __________________ her mother left.

3 Helen watered the flowers and her husbandprepared the meal.

while Helen was watering the flowers_________________________ the meal.

4 When did she get here?ago How ______________________ here?

5 When I was younger, I played football.used When I was younger, I _________ football.

6 I haven’t been to the theatre since Christmas.last The _________________ to the theatre

was at Christmas.

7 When did you leave school?since How long ____________________ school?

8 He used to get up at six.habit He was _________________ up at six.

9 They argued all the time in those days.arguing They _________________ in those days.

10 I haven’t written to him for months.since It _________________ to him.

11 A fire started in the factory last night.broke A fire ___________ in the factory last night.

12 The flooding was caused by the continual rain.about The flooding _______________ by the

continual rain.

last time I went

is it since you left

in the habit of getting

were always arguing

is months since I wrote

broke out

was brought about

long ago did she get

used to play

while her husband was preparing

would cook

didn’t start crying until

1 When he was younger, he didn’t like fish.use When he was younger, he ______________

fish.

2 He always used to tell us a bedtime story.would He __________________ a bedtime story.

3 They haven’t been to Spain since 1997.last The _________________ to Spain was in 1997.

4 Dad cooked and Mum watched TV.while Dad was cooking __________________ TV.

5 How long is it since you met your wife?meet When __________________ your wife?

6 It’s difficult to raise a child on your own.up It’s difficult to __________________ a child on

your own.

b Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.

7 a PHRASAL VERBS

1 My car has ___________again.

2 The soldiers __________the bridge.

3 Thieves ___________the manager’s office last night.

4 He was ___________ by his grandparents.

5 When does the school ___________ for Christmas?

6 Are you going to _____ him _____ ? He needs your support.

7 I’m afraid a war will soon ___________ between the two countries.

8 What ___________ the car accident?

1 back up = help or support sb – ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ˆ2 blow up = destroy sth using explosives – ·Ó·ÙÈÓ¿˙ˆ3 break down = stop working (of a vehicle, machine,

etc.) – ¯·ÏÒ, ·ı·›Óˆ ‚Ï¿‚Ë4 break into = enter a place illegally – οӈ ‰È¿ÚÚËÍË5 break out = start suddenly (of a fire, war, etc.) –

ÍÂÛÒ (ÁÈ· ʈÙÈ¿, fiÏÂÌÔ ÎÏ.)6 break up = stop for a holiday (of schools) –

ÛÙ·Ì·ÙÒ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜ (Û¯ÔÏ›Ô)7 bring about = cause – ÚÔÍÂÓÒ8 bring up = raise a child – ·Ó·Ùڤʈ

b Fill in the correct phrasal verb in the appropriateform.

AMPMP

E E

SAM_________

ldie ___bridge

eves __nager’s

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phrasal verb al verb in the an the

PPAGE

S

PP

_____

____________

ger, I played footbayounger,

en to the theatre s______________

t Christmas.

en did you leave How long _

8 He used thabit e w

9 Thuing

__________

____

_____

8

1 ______

2 ______

3 ______

4 ______

5 ______

6 ______

7 ______

8 ______

7 He didn’t open the wine until the guests arrived.soon He _________________ as the guests

arrived.

8 He used to do his own washing.habit He was _________________ his own

washing.

9 She hasn’t had a holiday for years.since It _________________ a holiday.

10 He used to complain all the time when he was inhospital.

complaining He _________________ when he wasin hospital.

11 The lift has stopped working again.broken The lift _________________ again.

12 When did you arrive at the hotel?ago How _________________ at the

hotel?

9 ERROR CORRECTIONTick (✓) if the sentence is correct or write the wordwhich should not be there.

1 The teacher he told the children to be quiet.

2 David was used to wake up early.

3 It wasn’t easy to get used to driving on the left.

4 My brother is always losing his carkeys.

5 My sister is in the habit of tostudying in the kitchen.

6 My parents were never used to smoke.

7 Look! There it goes our bus!

8 I’m not used to spending so muchmoney, you know.

Complete the sentences with the words given.

Choose the correct answer.

11 ENRICH YOUR ENGLISH

10 WORD CONFUSION

1 It is _________ to be disappointed when you fail anexam.

2 Parents should not use _________ punishment as itis wrong to hit children.

3 Is that your _________ hair colour or is it dyed?

4 Regular _________ activity is good for the health.

1 The traffic is always ____at this time of day.

a heavy

b full

c thick

2 I’ve got a job ____ !

a lastly b at last c last of all

3 I was very nervous because I had to ____ a speech.

a tell b do c make

4 He was ____ by the sudden scream.

a afraid b frightened c feared

5 I’ve still got ____ to do at the office.

a some work b some job c a work

a natural: normal; not artificialphysical: related to the body

1 There were no ________ rooms at the hotel.

2 The room was ________ ; there was no furniture init.

3 The position of receptionist is still ________ ifyou’re interested.

4 Jim’s glass was ________ , so I filled it with orangejuice.

b empty: having nobody or nothing insidevacant: available for sb to use / occupy

SAMP

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correct or write the wect or write tre.re.

old the children old the children

s used to wake up es used to wake

n’t easy to get useeasy to get usft

alwl

1111

PAGE

Sor is

good for the ood for the

GES

GES

GES

_______ rooms at t_______ rooms at t

as ________ ; there_______ ; there

position of receptionon of receptou’re interested.u’re interested

Jim’s glass was _Jim’s glass wasuice.uice.

or nothing insideb to use / occupy

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a practical way forupper-intermediate students to consolidate and expand theirknowledge of English Grammar.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR includes:

●● coverage of all grammar areas necessary forstudents to speak and write English well.

●● concise and helpful explanations in Greek.

●● a variety of exercises providing thoroughpractice in all grammatical and structural pointspresented in the theory.

●● revision units providing reinforcement of allgrammatical points.

●● recycling of all grammar phenomena to consolidate students’ learning.

●● exercises similar to those which students willencounter in the Cambridge FCE examination.

●● verbs / adjectives / nouns with prepositions,phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases, presentedin alphabetical order, along with confusablewords and collocations.

MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a comprehensive anduser-friendly book, covering all aspects of English grammar.It can be used as a supplement to all coursebooks aimed atupper-intermediate level and above.

ISBN 13: 978-960-409-158-4

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